Andrzej Piotrowski
University of Gdansk, Insitute of Psychology, Faculty Member
Resilience may be referred to as the capacity for positive adaptation and to quickly recover from difficulties and significant adversity. After examining operational definitions of related concepts, the article discusses resilience... more
Resilience may be referred to as the capacity for positive adaptation and to quickly recover from difficulties and significant adversity. After examining operational definitions of related concepts, the article discusses resilience building exercises for functional fitness at the individual soldier level, to include among others, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, self-reinforcement, emotional regulation exercises, mindfulness training, relaxation and grounding exercises and importance of maintaining discipline and routine in the military. Using an acronym CARRIES, the article examines efforts to enhance resilience building through empirically validated cognitive, behavioural and intrapersonal skills originating from best practices learned in the military.
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IntroductionThe paper presents the results of one international study due by our team in the period of restrictions imposed by Covid-19, between March and June 2020.ObjectivesTo inform the population about the risks concerning the... more
IntroductionThe paper presents the results of one international study due by our team in the period of restrictions imposed by Covid-19, between March and June 2020.ObjectivesTo inform the population about the risks concerning the excessiv use of internet To prevent the effects of those behaviors which affects the global functioning of individualsMethodsQuestionnaire applied to a number of 549 subjects, 18 to 60 years old, 217 from Romania and 332 from other European and Asian countriesResultsThe results allowed us to verify the assumption that there is a change in communications needs of individuals, as well gender and age differences in terms of time spent on the internet during the covid period.ConclusionsThe issue of psycho-education regarding the awareness of dangers and the traps of the virtual era remain relevant.
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IntroductionThe sudden and large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused significant stress not only in Ukrainians but also in citizens of countries which have received the largest numbers of refugees.ObjectivesThe aim of the current... more
IntroductionThe sudden and large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused significant stress not only in Ukrainians but also in citizens of countries which have received the largest numbers of refugees.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to identify stress, resilience, and self-efficacy levels, as well as to examine the relationships between these variables, in a sample of women from Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine.MethodsThe study involved measuring a sample of Ukrainian (N = 82), Polish (N = 102), Slovak (N = 79), and Romanian (N = 42) women using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale in May 2022.ResultsThe results showed that during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine, stress levels and its components (emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsychic stress) were the highest among Ukrainian women and the lowest among Poli...
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In this article, researchers will introduce readers to the concept of leadership through perspectives of different schools of leadership thoughts. We intend to bring to notice an important discussion on leadership in military... more
In this article, researchers will introduce readers to the concept of leadership through perspectives of different schools of leadership thoughts. We intend to bring to notice an important discussion on leadership in military organisations and its implications on non-military organisations and institutions. There is a plethora of literature especially borrowing from military literature, which can set the stage for our understanding of what could make up for a robust leadership model comprising of competencies like- power of personal example and influence, adaptive resilience, making critical decisions amid uncertainty, regulated leadership behaviors and thoughts, preparedness, communicating with teams and building trust.
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The present study investigates the differences between high- and low-handicap golf players considering risk-taking behavior and aggression. Also, the existing correlations between golf players’ sports skills, height (inches), weight... more
The present study investigates the differences between high- and low-handicap golf players considering risk-taking behavior and aggression. Also, the existing correlations between golf players’ sports skills, height (inches), weight (lbs), risk-taking behavior and aggression were analyzed. 36 performance golf players from the United States took part in the research (Mage = 18.94). For assessing risk-taking behavior The English adaptation of the Makarowski's Stimulating and Instrumental Risk Questionnaire was used, while aggression was measured through the English adaptation of the Makarowski's Aggression Questionnaire. It was found that low-handicap golf players have higher results for Go-ahead scale, a better sports ability is linked to a heavier weight (only in male athletes), while in female golf players a lower score for stimulating risk is associated to a higher value for instrumental risk (requires rational thinking). Both male and female golf players obtained a signif...
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IntroductionTrait anxiety (A-trait) can be seen as a multiplicative function of the person–situation interaction. Considering risk-taking behavior (R-TB), literature highlights instrumental and stimulating risk. The aim of the research is... more
IntroductionTrait anxiety (A-trait) can be seen as a multiplicative function of the person–situation interaction. Considering risk-taking behavior (R-TB), literature highlights instrumental and stimulating risk. The aim of the research is to investigate the level of A-trait (in physically dangerous conditions and in new, unusual situations) and the level of R-TB (instrumental and stimulating risk) in athletes, and to verify to what extent A-trait and risk-taking behavior predict injury severity.Materials and methodsOne hundred and fifty-four senior martial arts athletes from grappling combat sports, striking combat sports and mixed martial artists (MMA) participated in the study. For assessing trait anxiety and risk-taking behavior, the Romanian adaptation of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS), respectively the Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski’s Stimulating and Instrumental Risk Questionnaire were used.ResultsUsing multivariate analysis of variance, significant d...
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Background: Individual differences in personality and resilience are related to a variety of social behaviors. The current study sought to answer the question of whether BMW drivers exhibit different personality profiles and resilience... more
Background: Individual differences in personality and resilience are related to a variety of social behaviors. The current study sought to answer the question of whether BMW drivers exhibit different personality profiles and resilience levels compared with drivers of other car brands. Participants and procedure: An international study was carried out in India, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain on a sample of 448 athletes using the 20-item Mini-IPIP and the Resilience Scale. The results of BMW drivers (n = 91) were compared with the results of drivers of other German car brands (n = 357). Results: BMW drivers were characterized by higher neuroticism compared with drivers of other German car brands. They also showed higher resiliency, both in terms of total score and scores on the subscales of: personal coping competences and tolerance of negative emotions, tolerance of failures and perceiving life as a challenge, and optimistic attitude towards life and capacity...
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The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated and facilitated the introduction of telework in organizations. This has also impacted the workers’ relationship between work and private life. The aim of the current study was to examine the links... more
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated and facilitated the introduction of telework in organizations. This has also impacted the workers’ relationship between work and private life. The aim of the current study was to examine the links between resilience and mode of work (stationary vs. remote) and the work–home and home–work relationships, and whether they are mediated by passion for work and strategies of coping with stress. The study was carried out on a sample of 1251 participants from Great Britain, India, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Vietnam. The following measures were used: The Survey Work–Home Interaction, The Brief Resilience Coping Scale, The Passion Scale, and the Brief COPE. Results showed that the more stationary the mode of work, the lower the intensity of the negative influence of personal life on work. Resilience was revealed to have a positive effect on worker functioning. The study also showed a relationship between education and g...
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The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated and facilitated the introduction of telework in organizations. This has also impacted the workers' relationship between work and private life. The aim of the current study was to examine the links... more
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated and facilitated the introduction of telework in organizations. This has also impacted the workers' relationship between work and private life. The aim of the current study was to examine the links between resilience and mode of work (stationary vs. remote) and the work-home and homework relationships, and whether they are mediated by passion for work and strategies of coping with stress. The study was carried out on a sample of 1251 participants from Great Britain,
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected numerous aspects of human functioning. Social contacts, work, education, travel, and sports have drastically changed during the lockdown... more
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected numerous aspects of human functioning. Social contacts, work, education, travel, and sports have drastically changed during the lockdown periods. The pandemic restrictions have severely limited professional athletes’ ability to train and participate in competitions. For many who rely on sports as their main source of income, this represents a source of intense stress. To assess the dynamics of perceived stress as well as coping strategies during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, we carried out a longitudinal study using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire and the Brief COPE on a sample of 2020 professional athletes in Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The results revealed that in all three countries, the highest intrapsychic stress levels were reported during the fourth wave (all, p < 0.01) and the highest external stress levels were reported before the pandemic (p < 0.05...
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected numerous aspects of human functioning. Social contacts, work, education, travel, and sports have drastically changed during the lockdown... more
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected numerous aspects of human functioning. Social contacts, work, education, travel, and sports have drastically changed during the lockdown periods. The pandemic restrictions have severely limited professional athletes' ability to train and participate in competitions. For many who rely on sports as their main source of income, this represents a source of intense stress. To assess the dynamics of perceived stress as well as coping strategies during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, we carried out a longitudinal study using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire and the Brief COPE on a sample of 2020 professional athletes in Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The results revealed that in all three countries, the highest intrapsychic stress levels were reported during the fourth wave (all, p < 0.01) and the highest external stress levels were reported before the pandemic (p < 0.05). To analyze the data, analyses of variance were carried out using Tukey's post hoc test and η2 for effect size. Further, emotional tension was the highest among Polish and Slovak athletes in the fourth wave, while the highest among Romanian athletes was in the pre-pandemic period. The coping strategies used by the athletes in the fourth wave were more dysfunctional than during the first wave (independent t test and Cohen's d were used). The dynamics of the coping strategiesemotion focused and problem focused-were also discussed among Polish, Romanian, and Slovak athletes. Coaches and sports psychologists can modify the athletes' perceived stress while simultaneously promoting effective coping strategies.
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This article explores the threat of using alcohol and psychoactive substances in uni-formed formations. We first examine dysfunctional patterns of alcohol use. Secondly, we scrutinize the use of alcohol by soldiers from a historical... more
This article explores the threat of using alcohol and psychoactive substances in uni-formed formations. We first examine dysfunctional patterns of alcohol use. Secondly, we scrutinize the use of alcohol by soldiers from a historical perspective. Thirdly, we discuss dysfunctional patterns of alcohol consumption and psychoactive substance use including high-risk behaviors in military contexts. Fourthly, we examine the impact of alcohol and substance consumption in the military. Fifthly, we consider the challenges of alcohol and psychoactive substances in uniformed groups. Sixthly, we study alco-hol consumption in the Norwegian armed forces as an example. Seventhly, we discuss quantitative data obtained from an Indian military sample, using chi-square analyses to check independence between attributes (serving combat soldiers versus other serv-ing armed forces personnel not initiated yet into combat) on alcohol consumption and smoking habits. Finally, based on review of literature and o...
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The current study on the intention to leave the organization among nurses and midwives aligns with the broader direction of research on the consequences of demanding jobs. This is particularly important in the context of the COVID-19... more
The current study on the intention to leave the organization among nurses and midwives aligns with the broader direction of research on the consequences of demanding jobs. This is particularly important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020 and is ongoing. The aim of the current study was to identify the levels of intention to leave the organization and job satisfaction in a sample of 390 Polish nurses and midwives. A multiple stepwise linear regression was carried out to establish which variables are predictors of job satisfaction and intention to leave the organization. The following measures were used in the study: Nurses’ Occupational Stressor Scale, The Brief Resilience Coping Scale, The Turnover Intention Scale, The Job Satisfaction Scale, and an occupational questionnaire (number of workplaces, weekly number of evening and night shifts, working at a unit dedicated to treating COVID-19, working as a supervisor/executive). The current study showed that al...
Research Interests: Psychology, Resilience, Job Satisfaction, Employee Satisfaction, Multidisciplinary, and 12 moreEmployee Turnover, Environmental public health, Nurses, Turnover Intention, Intention to Leave, Psychological Resilience, Occupational Stress, Employees Job Satisfaction, Job Stress Psychology, CoVid, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, and stressor
Problematyka wypalenia zawodowego, pomimo przyjętych rozwiązań organizacyjnych i prawnych, nadal obecna jest w zawodach związanych z wymiarem sprawiedliwości. Kuratorska Służba Sądowa i Służba Więzienna to formacje, które posiadają bogate... more
Problematyka wypalenia zawodowego, pomimo przyjętych rozwiązań organizacyjnych i prawnych, nadal obecna jest w zawodach związanych z wymiarem sprawiedliwości. Kuratorska Służba Sądowa i Służba Więzienna to formacje, które posiadają bogate tradycje w praktyce resocjalizacyjnej, a ich personel narażony jest na liczne obciążenia w miejscu pracy, które skutkować mogą wypaleniem zawodowym. Aby zidentyfikować jego natężenie, przeprowadzono badanie wśród 198 funkcjonariuszy SW i 201 kuratorów sądowych z wykorzystaniem Kwestionariusza wypalenia zawodowego, Kwestionariusza radzenia sobie w sytuacjach stresowych oraz Skali uogólnionej własnej skuteczności. Kuratorzy i funkcjonariusze Służby Więziennej w podobny sposób odczuwają wypalenie zawodowe, różnią się jednak preferowanym stylem radzenia sobie z sytuacjami stresowymi. Można wyodrębnić w każdej z profesji trzy grupy różniące się nasileniem wypalenia: zaangażowani w pracę, zdystansowani i wypaleni zawodowo.
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The current study on the intention to leave the organization among nurses and midwives aligns with the broader direction of research on the consequences of demanding jobs. This is particularly important in the context of the COVID-19... more
The current study on the intention to leave the organization among nurses and midwives aligns with the broader direction of research on the consequences of demanding jobs. This is particularly important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020 and is ongoing. The aim of the current study was to identify the levels of intention to leave the organization and job satisfaction in a sample of 390 Polish nurses and midwives. A multiple stepwise linear regression was carried out to establish which variables are predictors of job satisfaction and intention to leave the organization. The following measures were used in the study: Nurses’ Occupational Stressor Scale, The Brief Resilience Coping Scale, The Turnover Intention Scale, The Job Satisfaction Scale, and an occupational questionnaire (number of workplaces, weekly number of evening and night shifts, working at a unit dedicated to treating COVID-19, working as a supervisor/executive). The current study showed that almost 25% of the sample reported high turnover intention, and a similar proportion reported low job satisfaction. Resilience was related to nurses’ job satisfaction. In the predictive models for job satisfaction, the organizational factor of the number of workplaces was significant (positively related), while job experience was a negative predictor of intention to leave. The practical implications of the results and the need to continue research on this topic are also discussed.
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background This study investigates a suppressor effect in the relationship between lack of control over work and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Suppressor effects operate when the addition of a predictor (in our study it is an... more
background This study investigates a suppressor effect in the relationship between lack of control over work and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Suppressor effects operate when the addition of a predictor (in our study it is an overwork climate) increases the predictive power of another variable (lack of control over work) in predicting an outcome variable (OCB). Suppressor effects can play a valuable role in explicating the meaning of examined variables by bringing into clearer focus opposing elements that are inherent – but largely hidden – in the measurement of these variables.
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The impact of organizational support and organizational justice on work engagement was investigated in a group of police officers. A review of the literature revealed that studies reporting differences between the influence of supervisors... more
The impact of organizational support and organizational justice on work engagement was investigated in a group of police officers. A review of the literature revealed that studies reporting differences between the influence of supervisors and coworker justice and support on work engagement among police officers are grossly insufficient. This study hypothesized that organizational support and organizational justice would positively predict work engagement among police officers. It was also hypothesized that, among police officers, supervisor support is more strongly related to work engagement than coworker support and that supervisor justice is more strongly linked to work engagement than coworker justice. Participants were 170 police officers who worked in police departments in northern Poland. A regression analysis showed that supervisor support and supervisor justice had a positive effect on police officers’ work engagement, whereby organizational support coupled with organization...
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Już prawie 3 % stanu ewidencyjnego Sił Zbrojnych RP pełni służbę poza granicami na-szego kraju. Służba ta, tak bardzo różniąca się od pełnionej w rodzimych jednostkach, skutko-wać może specyficznymi obciążeniami psychologicznymi, kosztami... more
Już prawie 3 % stanu ewidencyjnego Sił Zbrojnych RP pełni służbę poza granicami na-szego kraju. Służba ta, tak bardzo różniąca się od pełnionej w rodzimych jednostkach, skutko-wać może specyficznymi obciążeniami psychologicznymi, kosztami zdrowotnymi i społecznymi. Artykuł opisuje ewolucję poglądów na temat stresu bojowego, przedstawia typowe stresory żoł-nierzy, w tym także te, które doświadczane są na polu walki oraz stanowi przegląd wybranych wyników badań polskich i zachodnich dotyczących psychospołecznych i zdrowotnych kosztów pełnienia służby w warunkach bojowych i operacyjnych. Słowa kluczowe: stres bojowy, PTSD (Zespół Stresu Pourazowego), CSR (reakcje na stres bo-jowy), psychologia społeczna
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The present paper discusses static and dynamic characteristics of various under sleeper pads (USP) that are to be used in the ballasted track systems as resilient vibroacoustic isolators. Four different USP samples were put to fatigue... more
The present paper discusses static and dynamic characteristics of various under sleeper pads (USP) that are to be used in the ballasted track systems as resilient vibroacoustic isolators. Four different USP samples were put to fatigue tests and static and dynamic bedding moduli were determined. The purpose of the tests, which were carried out up to 500 thousand load cycles, was to determine which USP have favourable and which unfavourable properties, taking into account their potential application as the elements used for energy dissipation and reduction of noise and vibration. The obtained results allowed the authors to indicate samples with a potential for further analysis and to reject those, which did not satisfy the adopted criteria.
IntroductionParamedics play a vital role in the healthcare system by providing professional support in situations of direct threat to patient health and life. They experience numerous difficulties during their work, which result in... more
IntroductionParamedics play a vital role in the healthcare system by providing professional support in situations of direct threat to patient health and life. They experience numerous difficulties during their work, which result in occupational stress. During the COVID-19 pandemic, their work has become even more demanding. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of resilience in the subjective experience of stress among paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsThe study was carried out in two phases, in October-November 2019 (N = 75) and in May-June 2020 (N = 84), using the Sense of Stress Questionnaire (Skala Poczucia Stresu) and the Resilience Scale (Skala Pomiaru Prężności).ResultsParamedics exhibited higher intrapsychic stress before the COVID-19 pandemic. Tolerance of failure and treating life as a challenge were higher during the pandemic, in contrast to optimism and the ability to mobilize in difficult situations. Paramedics who were in conta...
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Thus far, data on sleep disorders among prison officers (POs) have been scarce. Research allows us to relate this problem to occupational stress, which POs experience every day. The aim of the current study was to analyze the scale,... more
Thus far, data on sleep disorders among prison officers (POs) have been scarce. Research allows us to relate this problem to occupational stress, which POs experience every day. The aim of the current study was to analyze the scale, predictors, and impact of select factors on the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout. This study was carried out on a sample of 376 Indonesian and 288 Polish POs using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory, and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Results showed that 43.4% of the Polish sample exhibited early symptoms of insomnia, compared to 26.1% of the Indonesian sample. Sleep disorders had a significant role in developing occupational burnout. In both samples, coping strategies such as help-seeking and engagement were revealed to have a mediating role in the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout dimensions. For the total sample and for the Polish sample, ...
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The aim of the article is to present the problem of foreigners in prisons in Italy, Poland and Hungary. General sociodemographic data of the countries as well as basic informationon the crimes of foreigners in the context of contemporary... more
The aim of the article is to present the problem of foreigners in prisons in Italy, Poland and Hungary. General sociodemographic data of the countries as well as basic informationon the crimes of foreigners in the context of contemporary migration movements are presented.
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The main aim of this study is to determine how citizenship behaviors may be shaped in the Armed Forces. The presented study is by far the first that thoroughly examines connections between all aspects of organizational climate (OC),... more
The main aim of this study is to determine how citizenship behaviors may be shaped in the Armed Forces. The presented study is by far the first that thoroughly examines connections between all aspects of organizational climate (OC), perceived organizational support (POS), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the Polish Army. Research hypotheses were examined using data collected from a sample of 139 military officers from the Polish Land Forces. Results showed that some of the OC parameters and POS, especially those coming from other soldiers were positively connected with OCB. Implications of OCBs and practical management are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
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W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad związkiem osobowości z poczuciem własnej skuteczności przeprowadzonych wśród kadry penitencjarnej. Rezultaty uzyskano na podstawie badań 190 funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej z działów ochrony,... more
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad związkiem osobowości z poczuciem własnej skuteczności przeprowadzonych wśród kadry penitencjarnej. Rezultaty uzyskano na podstawie badań 190 funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej z działów ochrony, penitencjarnego i terapeutycznego. Do analizy osobowości wykorzystany został Kwestionariusz osobowości (NEO-PI-R) Costy i McCrae. Poczucie własnej skuteczności mierzone było za pomocą Skali Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności (GSES) Schwarzera, Jerusalem i Juczyńskiego. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że neurotyzm, ekstrawersja, otwartość i sumienność oraz ich podczynniki powiązane są i wpływają w istotny sposób na poczucie własnej skuteczności.
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Background and Study Aims: Materials and Methods: Success in sports among athletes on a similar level of skill can depend on individual differences in experienced stress and coping strategies The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas... more
Background and Study Aims: Materials and Methods: Success in sports among athletes on a similar level of skill can depend on individual differences in experienced stress and coping strategies The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas of life, including sports The aim of the current study was to verify two hypotheses: (H1) emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsy-chic stress among martial arts athletes will be significantly higher during the height of the pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period;(H2) martial arts athletes will less frequently use problem-focused strategies of coping with stress, such as active coping and planning, during the height of the pandemic The study used the Perception of Stress Questionnaire measuring the following dimensions of stress: emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsychic stress Coping strategies were measured with the Brief COPE questionnaire distinguishing 14 coping strategies Seven hundred and eighty-one athletes (including 11...
The literature on work engagement among prison officers (POs) remains rather scarce, and there are no analyses on the factors determining this phenomenon. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between work engagement,... more
The literature on work engagement among prison officers (POs) remains rather scarce, and there are no analyses on the factors determining this phenomenon. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between work engagement, subjective well-being, coping strategies, and organizational factors utilizing the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), and Cantril’s Ladder of Health Scale (CLHS), and involving 312 POs from Poland and 467 POs from Indonesia. Results showed a statistically significant relationship between active coping and work engagement in both groups. Subjective well-being was moderately related to work engagement among Polish POs. Mean work engagement and subjective well-being scores were higher among Indonesian POs. The analyses showed a significant indirect effect of subjective well-being for the relationship between penitentiary unit type, active coping, as well as avoidant behaviors and work engagement in...
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The article presents the results of researches conducted in order to establish the level of the sense of safeness in The Intervention Group of Prison Service. This unit has been established in 2010 as a special unit whose aim is to... more
The article presents the results of researches conducted in order to establish the level of the sense of safeness in The Intervention Group of Prison Service. This unit has been established in 2010 as a special unit whose aim is to prevent extraordinary occurrences, the liquidation of the results of such events as well as completing very demanding and dangerous task in penitentiary institution. According to conducted researches, the functionaries from special units characterize with quite high level of the sense of safeness as well as its components whose origin can be observed in the effective selection and high level of the permanent training. So high level of sense of safety on the workplace influences also the stability of the family ties.