Andalusian Studies

● Autor principal, junto a otros miembros del Colectivo Etnológico Enharetà, del libro Conjunto hidráulico de las minas, acequias, aljibes, molinos y batán del Barrio Santana (Mijas) y su entorno. Estudio etnológico. Mijas (Málaga): Museo Histórico Etnográfico de Mijas, 2015; 365 págs.

● Main author of this book, along with other members of the Ethnological group Enharetà. Title translation into English: Hydraulic Conjunct of Mines, Ditches, Ponds, Mills and Fuller of the Barrio Santana (Mijas) and its Environment. Ethnological Study.

● Autó prinzipá der libro mentao, kohuntamente kon otroh miembroh der Kolehtibo Ehnolóhiko Enharetà.

For downloading / Para descarga / P’abahárzelo  >

http://huanporrah.edublogs.org/2015/08/12/libro-conjunto-hidraulico-de-las-minas-acequias-aljibes-molinos-y-batan-del-barrio-santana-mijas-y-su-entorno-estudio-etnologico/

• COAUTORES del Equipo Investigador y Redactor
del Colectivo etnológico Enharetà:

- Huan Porrah Blanko
Doctor en Antropología Social y Cultural
Miembro del GISAP (Univ. Pablo Olavide)
Miembro de ASANA
- Juan Alarcón Alarcón
Investigador del patrimonio histórico-cultural
de Mijas
- José Antonio Cortés Postigo
Espeleólogo de la So.E.E. Mainake
- Lázaro Moreno Alarcón
Espeleólogo de la So.E.E. Mainake
- Isabel Moreno Criado
Licenciada en Filosofía
- Sofía Moreno Criado
Licenciada en Derecho
- Mª Dolores Mota Pérez
Licenciada en Biología
- Francisco Fernández Gómez
Licenciado en Biología

These are the first pages of the translation into Andalusian language of the popular and widely known The First Thousand Words (Heather Amery & Stephen Cartwright). It is a book of drawings and words for children and adolescents, characterized by its brilliant and stimulating way of learning new words, although it is also valid for adults who want to take advantage of these resources and know basic vocabulary denominations and writing in andalú.
Huan Porrah Blanko is the translator into Andalusian.

A partir de los textos de las epístolas denominadas zurzūriyyāt, en este artículo se pretende profundizar en las dos caras del personaje en torno al cual se articulan estas originales y singulares composiciones, exclusivas de la literatura andalusí. El retrato literario que de él transmiten tiene mucho que decir sobre la figura histórica de un hombre apodado al-Zurayzīr, que en estas creaciones literarias oscila entre el símbolo y la realidad y que recuerda mucho al héroe de las maqāmāt.

Based on the epistles called zurzūriyyāt, in this article we try to study in depth the two sides of the character around which these original and unique literary pieces —exclusive of Andalusian literature— revolve. The literary portrait that these texts convey about the mentioned character has much to say about the historical figure of a man nicknamed al-Zurayzīr, who fluctuates between symbol and reality in these literary creations and who is very reminiscent of the hero of the maqāmāt.

FRANCO SÁNCHEZ, Francisco: «La torre de Embergoñes: Relevancia histórica y función de un emblema de la ciudad». In Orihuela. La ciudad, el río y la huerta. Juan Antonio Barrio Barrio (ed.). Alicante: Universitat d'Alacant (Col. L'Ordit, n, 13), 2017, pp. 30-35. ISBN: 978-84-9717-525-8 |
The Embregoñes' Tower in Orihuela city: Historical redevance and function of a city emblem |
Resumen: Análisis arquitectónico y reconstrucción de la torre octogtonal  de la muralla de Orihuela. Funcionalidad en el período andalusí como atalaya frente a las avenidas del río y datos históricos de la misma en momentos posteriores a la conquista cristiana | Abstract: Architectural analysis and reconstruction of the octogonal tower of the wall of Orihuela. Functionality in the Andalusian period as a watchtower against the floods of the river and historical data of the same in a later period after the Christian conquest | 

Download: http://hdl.handle.net/10045/43776

This paper deals with Bourdieu’s relations of power (linguistic market) and Fanon’s Zone of Being and non-Being. The article is based on recent ethnographic sociolinguistic research in Andalusia, south of Spain. In this paper, I explore ways in which the decapitalisation of Andalusian speakers is part of a global hierarchisation of inferiorization. In this way, the language is a marker. A group’s devalued variety of language in the linguistic market is explained as ideology of domination with historical basis. Therefore, it is not a product of features of the no-legitimate language.

Investigación a través de la cual se expone la hipótesis de cómo debió sonar la música en la España Antigua y en la Andalucía prerromana, haciendo un difícil ejercicio de "musicología comparada" entre las comunidades autóctonas (primero los tartesios y más tarde los iberos) y las colonizadoras: fenicios, griegos, cartagineses y romanos.

Nueva edición, revisada y ampliada, de mi anterior investigación (2009). Conserva el mismo espíritu que el anterior trabajo, si bien en esta ocasión se pulen algunos aspectos que quizá entonces quedaron pendientes e incluye nuevos datos y apartados que, por cuestiones de contenido, no tuvieron cabida en aquél.

El tema que se presenta aquí es, pues, el mismo que se trató en las publicaciones precedentes (2004, 2009): intentar rescatar del olvido los diversos documentos arqueológicos, iconográficos, epigráficos y literarios que se refieren al fenómeno musical perteneciente a las sorprendentes fechas relativas a la Historia Antigua de la Península Ibérica. En concreto, este trabajo abarcará desde los alrededores del siglo XII a.C. hasta el declive del Imperio Romano en Occidente (s. V d.C.).

Con este ensayo pretendo desarrollar, en la medida de lo posible, las ideas principales de mis otros dos trabajos, en los que establecí un punto de partida desde los poemas épicos de la Antigüedad, concretamente desde la Odisea (Cantos VI-VIII), donde se describe una tierra, Schería, en la que existía una sociedad (la de los feacios) que otorgaba una especial importancia a la Música. Quiero dejar constancia aquí de que gran parte de las hipótesis planteadas en este sentido ya fueron publicadas en 2004.

Dokumento kon la propuehta entera NOTA-Porrah 2009 pa trahkribì el andalú ablao. /
Document with the whole transcription proposal for the oral Andalusian language, called NOTA-Porrah 2009. /
Documento conteniendo la propuesta completa de transcripción del andaluz oral NOTA-Porrah 2009.

PUBLIKAZIÓN:

Ponenzia titulá “Normah Ortográfikah pa la Trahkrizión del Andalú (NOTA-Porrah 2009)”, publiká en Sociedad para el Estudio del ‘Andalú’ (Z.E.A.) (2010): Actas de la Vª Hunta d’ehkritoreh en andalú (…) / Reunión de escritores-as en andaluz / 5th Meeting of Andalusian Writers. Er Paú / Padul (Graná / Granada), der 30 ar 31 d’ohtubre 2010; páh. 107-132.

Benjamin of Tudela, The Book of the Travels
Modern Greek translation of Benjamin of Tudela’s itinerary / Book review:
https://www.academia.edu/23546817/The_Book_of_the_Travels_Sefer_haMasaoth_of_Benjamin_of_Tudela_and_his_Search_for_the_Ten_Lost_Tribes_of_Israel_a_book_review_of_the_Greek_edition

Νεοελληνική μετάφραση του -συγγραφέντος από τον Ισπανοϊουδαίο έμπορο, ταξιδευτή, ερευνητή και περιστασιακό συγγραφέα- μεσαιωνικού εβραϊκού κειμένου Σέφερ χα-Μασαότ (ספר המסעות / Βιβλίο των Ταξειδίων), το οποίο κυκλοφόρησε ως βιβλίο στις εκδόσεις Στοχαστής το 1994. Η πλήρης έκδοση περιλαμβάνει Εισαγωγή, Νεοελληνική Μετάφραση, Σχόλια, Γενική Βιβλιογραφία, και επιπλέον άφθονο εποπτικό υλικό, χάρτες, σχεδιαγράμματα και φωτογραφίες.

Μπορείτε να διαβάσετε όλο το βιβλίο σε jpeg εδώ:
https://benjaminoftudelabook.wordpress.com/

Nos adentramos en el estudio de un despoblado de época andalusí situado en término de Coín, en el que se describen algunas estructuras halladas en sus espacios domésticos y productivos, a la vez que se sugieren algunas hipótesis de estudio sobre las repercusiones demográficas y socioeconómicas del avance cristiano. Desde un enfoque histórico y arqueológico, se percibe un proceso de concentración poblacional durante los siglos XIII y XIV, detonante del crecimiento económico y base del bienestar social en nuestro ámbito de estudio.

This is a conference paper I presented at The Animal/Human Bond in Oxford Summer 2014, excerpted from a larger work. Now available in "Who's Talking Now? Multispecies Relations from Humans and Animals Point of View" at http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/publishing/product/whos-talking-now-multispecies-relations-from-human-and-animals-point-of-view/
My research is on the development of the horse as a status symbol in western Europe during the Middle Ages. Horses throughout history have often been restricted to the upper classes in non-nomadic societies simply due to the expense and time required of ownership of a 1,000lb prey animal. However, between 1000 and 1300 the perceived social value of the horse far surpasses the expense involved. After this point, ownership of quality animals begins to be regulated by law, such that a well off merchant or a lower level noble would not be legally allowed to own the most prestigious mounts, despite being able to easily afford one. Depictions of horses in literature become increasingly more elaborate and more reflective of their owners’ status and heroic value during this time. Changes over time in the frequency of horses being used, named, and given as gifts in literature from the same traditions, such as from the Waltharius to the Niebelungenlied, and the evolving Arthurian cycles, show a steady increase in the horse’s use as social currency. Later epics, such as La Chanson de Roland and La Cantar del Mio Cid, illustrate how firmly entrenched the horse became is the trappings of aristocracy.

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's Le Petit Prince translated into Andalusian. You can read here the first pages of this great work of universal literature, published by Edition Tintenfass: http://www.verlag-tintenfass.de/
And also, you can find here the variety of comments about translation, until 2017/07/16.
Repozitorio perzoná: https://huanporrah.edublogs.org/2017/05/02/libro-er-prinzipito/

Ban ahkí un rehunte de Haxeoh, Apoyoh i Análizeh zientífikoh por mo'e traduzì Er Prinzipito al andalú, amáh de lah primerah z'ohah der libro imprezo.

Ze trata de 1+3 treh dokumentoh PDF k'arrehuntan lo mah zeñero k'a pazao en ehtoh mezeh pazaoh arreó'e la notizia d'aberze editao Er Prinzipito en andalú, k'ehtán korgaoh en nuehtra web de la ZEA:  http://www.zea-andalu.com/ahtibid%C3%A0/
Haxeoh enkontra'er Huan Porrah, apoyoh rezibíoh i análizeh mah zientífikoh por mo'e la publikazión d'Er Prinzipito en andalú

1) Haxeoh mah zeñeroh ar Huan Porrah i Er Prinzipito

2) Apoyoh al autó i a la obra de zuyo

3) Análizeh mah kabaleh a tento'el argaího de traduzì Le Petit Prince al andalú (ahtualizao 16/07/2017)

The first chapter contains a justification of the thread running through this doctoral thesis (the role of civil society), together with the hypotheses and main objectives: to underscore the importance of social networks, nuance the supposed neighbourhood demobilisation in 1980s, explain how certain discourses on self-government conditioned social mobilisation in favour of autonomy and how the autonomic process influenced the discourses of the PCE, PSA and PSOE. The second chapter outlines the theoretical perspective guiding the thesis, based on the social construction of reality, the theory of frameworks and micro-mobilisation contexts. The third chapter is devoted to the methodology. In accordance with the problems in the sources (condition, location and typology), it studies the difficulties in the access to archives and the importance of oral history and gives an overview of the interviews made. A double state of the art is developed in the fourth chapter. On one hand it analyses scientific literature on urban social movements in Europe (comissões/associações of the population in Portugal) and Latin America (people’s movements in Chile). It also describes the case of the different regions in Spain. On the other hand, it explains how the Andalusianist movement has been approached and its relationship with the process of obtaining autonomy. After explaining the historiography both of urban social movements and the Andalusianist movement, the necessary material conditions (migration, urban changes, etc.) that favoured the emergence of neighbourhood associations will be analysed. The fifth chapter also discusses the role of social networks, associationism and the contribution of the ground-level Church and anti-Francoist political forces, with their discourses and ways of working. It goes on to study the alliances, repertoire of protests and the defence of popular culture by the neighbourhood associations. Finally, it describes the neighbourhood movement in six towns and cities (Córdoba, Granada, Jaén, Linares, Motril and Seville). The sixth chapter highlights the opposition to the last Francoist town corporations, the role of democratic councillors and the wearing down of mayors and councillors. It then analyses the 1979 local elections and the degree of transfer of neighbourhood activists to the new corporations. To conclude, it describes the evolution in the neighbourhood movement in the 1980s, with old and new goals: urban problems in general, mobilisation in favour of the Yes vote in the Andalusian referendum on February 28th 1980, consumer protection, anti-NATO mobilisations and influence in policies of citizen participation. Finally, seventh chapter addresses the Andalusianist movement and the autonomic process, from the viewpoint of the construction of an Andalusian identity in the semi-public sphere (Andalusianist political parties, the work of intellectuals and journalists, cultural associations, Andalusianist collectives, cultural initiatives, etc.) and in the public sphere (mobilisations in December 1977 and 1979, the campaign for the referendum on February 28th 1980 and unblocking the autonomic process).

This study is based on a popular assumption that there is a similarity between Abu Bakr al-Sanawbari (A.H 334) and Ibn Khafajah al- Andalusi (A.H 533) in their poetry about nature. Therefore, the researcher tries to make a comparative study on the nature of their poetry, particularly, examining the beauty, the ingenuity and the skills of the two poets, as well as tracing the influence al-Sanawbari had on Ibn Khafajah and attempting to highlight the similarities and differences between the two personalities. To complete this study, an analytical method is adopted based on references related to the topic. It is concluded from this study that poetry about nature was at its climax in the hands of Abu Bakr al-Sanawbari and Ibn Khafajah al- Andalusi. Both of them shared the same methods and approaches in poetry writing, especially in the poetical structures, meanings and language styles due to the influence of the environment that they lived in. Nevertheless, they differ from each other in terms of imaginations, emotions, literary styles, as well as the rhythm of the poetry, which deny the possibility of imitations of each other. In addition, each of these characteristics refers to the unique qualities of each poet.

Las circunstancias políticas surgidas a raíz de la crisis 1898 obligan a España a redefinirse como nación, puesto que del éxito de esta empresa dependía el que se lograra la legitimación frente a otros estados. Un proceso que trajo consigo el desarrollo de un importante movimiento nacionalista cuyo principal objetivo era de hacer resurgir la visión de España, construyendo unas nuevas señas de identidad de cara a su consolidación como moderno Estado-nación en el continente europeo. Con este fin, el nacionalismo toma para su construcción elementos procedentes de la cultura popular andaluza, volviendo la vista al “mito romántico” que caracterizó a la imagen de este país difundida a través de la literatura de viajeros.

Durante los últimos años del siglo XIX, la música se convierte en uno de los más eficaces instrumentos para la legitimación de esta renovada visión de España. Mediante la presente investigación analizaremos la influencia del folclore andaluz en las composiciones creadas en estas décadas centrándonos, especialmente, en el estudio de los cuatro máximos exponentes del nacionalismo musical español: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla y Joaquín Turina. Asimismo, a través de este trabajo, estudiaremos la relación de esta disciplina con otras relevantes manifestaciones y corrientes artísticas propias de este período.

The political circumstances that arose in the wake of the 1898 crisis forced Spain to redefine itself as a nation, since the success of this enterprise depended on legitimizing other states. A process that brought about the development of an important nationalist movement which main objective was to revive the vision of Spain, building new signs of identity for its consolidation as a modern nation-state on the European continent. For this purpose, nationalism takes elements from the Andalusian popular culture for its construction, turning its eyes to the "romantic myth" that characterized the perception of this country spread through the traveler´s literature.

During the last years of the nineteenth century, music became one of the most effective instruments for the legitimation of this renewed vision of Spain. Through this research, we will analyze the influence of Andalusian folklore in the compositions created in these decades focusing, especially, on the study of the four greatest exponents of Spanish musical nationalism: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla and Joaquín Turina. Also, through this work, we will study the relation between this discipline and other relevant manifestations and artistic trends characteristic of this period.

Este artículo hilvana diversos testimonios para reconstruir la última etapa de la banda sevillana de rock underground Smash, centrándose en sus sesiones de 1971 en Playa de Aro. Se presta especial atención a la progresiva flamenquización del grupo y a su colaboración con el cantaor Manuel Molina, y se plantea la cuestión del primer encuentro del flamenco y el rock en Sevilla. Se describen a continuación la publicación de aquellas grabaciones y el breve retorno de la banda a finales de la década de 1970.

This article weaves together multiple testimonies to reconstruct the last period of the Sevillian underground rock band Smash, with a focus on their 1971 sessions in Platja d’Aro. It pays special attention to the gradual flamenco shift of the band and their collaboration with cantaor Manuel Molina, and raises the question of the earliest encounter of flamenco and rock in Seville. There follows an account of the publication of those recordings and the brief return of the band at the end of the 1970 decade.

Resumen: Aunque la huella morisco-andalusí quiso ser ocultada e incluso borrada tras la sublevación, una resistencia íntima y clandestina de su cultura comenzó a forjarse sobreviviendo porque, quienes quedaron, se encargaron de ocultar su verdadero significado, mimetizándola, para regalarnos lo que hoy somos, sentimos y hacemos. Un vestigio que permanece incrustado en la identidad y memoria colectiva de una localidad granadina objeto de estudio y análisis en este artículo: Benamaurel.

Abstract: Although after the uprising, the Moorish-Andalusian trace was tried to hide and even erase, it survived thanks to an intimate and clandestine resistance of its culture forged by those who remained. They were responsible for hiding its true meaning, mimicking it, to give us what we are, feel and do nowadays. A vestige that remains embedded in the identity and collective memory of a town in the spanish province of Granada, object of study and analysis in this article: Benamaurel.

This book, written in an accessible and open style, on the one hand offers English speakers an overview of flamenco as a musical form or set of musical practices, and, on the other, uses flamenco to interrogate some of the ways in which social bonds and ideas of ‘truth’ and ‘authenticity’ are played out by both flamenco musicians and lovers of flamenco in Southern Spain. The book is divided into six chapters (including the introductory chapter and a concluding chapter) and is based on research undertaken in Spanish archives and at flamenco performances at local peñas and tablaos on trips to Madrid, Seville, Granada and Málaga funded by the British Academy in 2013-2015. The book aims to be both introductory (in that it assumes no prior knowledge of flamenco, introducing and explaining terms and concepts carefully and systematically) and analytical (in both the music-analytical sense of the term and in the sense of ‘critical’, drawing, that is, on recent developments in the fields of affect theory, critiques of identity and identity politics and gender and sexuality studies). The book differs from much Spanish- and English-language scholarship on flamenco in that it:
1. Offers detailed and technical engagement with musical examples
2. Seeks to represent recent and classic Spanish-language scholarship to an English audience
3. Seeks to balance the demands of music-analytical approaches and cultural/contextual approaches
4. Seeks to give voice to ‘insider’ narratives about flamenco from within the flamenco-practising communities formed since the beginning of the twentieth century
5. Offers gender and sexuality-inflected analyses of flamenco largely missing from the scholarship to date
6. Discusses how flamenco practices and identities have been represented on film (in both narrative cinema and in documentaries)
7. Offers a detailed and critical discography of flamenco from 1901 through to the present

El cénit de la historia de España es al-Andalus. No se trata de una edad oscura entre dos períodos de esplendor, ambos cristianos, sino lo contrario. La Córdoba del califato fue la ciudad más grande y más culta de todo el Mediterráneo. Los cristianos (con la ayuda de los yihadistas almohades), destruyeron la civilización de al-Andalus.

Lecture given in Spanish at the congress, "La pérdida de las Hispanias. Idiología poder y conflicto". Madrid 3-6 de February, 2016.
Last corrections & changes; 16/5/2016

For more on Umayyad  lead seals: http://www.andalustonegawa.50g.com/Seals.html

This dissertation analyzes the prose of José Manuel Caballero Bonald and Fernando Quiñones, and the cinema from Late-Francoism to Post-Transition, paying especial attention to the flamenco films by Carlos Saura. Their shared historical Andalusian background provides an opportunity to examine the shift from Francoist centralism to the quasi-federalism of Spain's "Autonomous Communities" ( la España de las Autonomías  ), as well as their notion of Andalusian identity within the framework of Andalusia as a newly minted Autonomous Community since 1981. Drawing on anthropology, Colonial Studies, history, and social theory, the study adopts an interdisciplinary approach as it examines the issue of Andalusian identity from the above-mentioned perspectives using a diverse corpus of texts from literature, film and the performing arts. The first two chapters focus on the rise of Andalusia as an Autonomía, and Caballero Bonald and Quiñones' attempt to purge Andalusia's stereotypical image. They review the history of the colonization of the Iberian Peninsula by the Phoenicians and the Arabs, as well as the arrival of Gypsies during the Middle Ages -which contributed to the consolidation of flamenco- and the ensuing cultural mix that was the basis for Caballero Bonald and Quiñones' concept of Andalusian identity. The third chapter analyzes the symbols they chose to represent their identity: the bull, the horse, and wine. The last two chapters explore the role of Andalusians as colonizers of the New World, who are in turn "colonized" as certain components of Latin American cultural production make their way into Andalusian aesthetics with an emphasis in the (Neo)Baroque and the "marvelous real" ( real maravilloso ). I find that, in the given context, both Caballero Bonald and Quiñones reflect on their identity, concluding that its particular essence is based on both mestizaje -the intermixing of Oriental, European and American cultures-and the dual status of the Iberian Peninsula as both colonizer and colonized.

Francisco FRANCO-SÁNCHEZ: «Los ataques normandos a las costas de Šarq al-Andalus en el siglo IX. Consecuencias militares y sociales». In Manuel Espinar Moreno (coord.). Los Vikingos en la historia. 3. Granada: Libros EPCCM (Col. Estudios, 22), 2018, pp. 121-153.  | 
ISBN: 978-84-09-01496-5  |
Norman attacks to the coasts of the Šarq (East of) al-Andalus in the 10th. century. Military and social consequences  | 

Resumen: Comienza el estudio enumerándose los datos conocidos sobre los sucesivos ataques normandos a las costas y ciudades peninsulares, recogiéndose las distintas oleadas y ataques: Del año 844 (durante el reinado del emir ‘Abd al-Raḥmān II) con descripciones distintas según el cronista que los refiere. La segunda oleada del periodo de 858-861 (en el reinado de su sucesor Muḥammad) también es descrita con toda prolijidad. A las anteriores les sucedieron otras oleadas del 966 al 972 (en época del califa al-Ḥakam II). Luego se estudia con detalle el ataque a Orihuela en el año 859 con descripción de las fuentes y análisis de los hechos sucedidos en la ciudad del río Segura. Las consecuencias militares de los ataques a al-Andalus fueron la creación de la marina andalusí del Atlántico en el s. IX para rechazarlos y atacarlos; en segundo lugar, se instaura un sistema de vigilancia en las costas, se construyen arsenales para construir barcos para la marina de guerra en Lisboa, Sevilla, Denia, Tortosa, etc., y se envía una embajada al reino vikingo. Para finalizar se analiza lo ocurrido e la zona del río Segura en relación con el resto de al-Andalus, destacándose el origen de las rábitas de Guardamar del Segura como elemento esencial de la vigilancia "civil" de la desembocadura del río  | 
Abstract: The study begins by enumerating the known data on the successive Norman attacks to the iberian coasts and cities, picking up the different waves of this attacks: From the year 844 (ruling the emir 'Abd al-Raḥmān II) was collected different descriptions fron chronicles that refer these attacks. The second wave was produced between 858-861 (in the reign of his successor Muḥammad) and is also described neatly. The previous ones were followed by other waves from 966 to 972 (at the times of Caliph al-Hakam II). The attack to teh city of Orihuela was in the year 859 and is studied in detail, with the description of the arabic sources that refers it and an analysis of the events that took place in the city of the Segura river. The military consequences of the attacks on al-Andalus were: the creation of the Andalusian navy of the Atlantic in the s. IX to reject these attacks; secondly, on the coasts a surveillance system was installed, thirdly, arsenals were constructed to build ships for the navy in Lisbon, Seville, Denia, Tortosa, etc., and an embassy was sent to the Viking kingdom. Finally is analyzed  what happened in the area of the Segura River in relation to the rest of al-Andalus, highlighting the origin of the rawàbit of Guardamar del Segura as an essential element of the 'civilian' surveillance of the mouth of the river  | 
Palabras claves: Ataques normandos, Vikingos, historia andalusí, s. IX, emirato andalusí, Orihuela, río Segura, rábitas, vigilancia de las costas  | 
Key Words: Norman attacks, Vikings, History of Al-Andalus, Emirate of Al-Andalus, Orihuela, Segura  river, rawābiṭ, coastal vigilance  | 

Link for downloading the book: https://www.librosepccm.com/estudios/los-vikingos-en-la-historia-3/

At first glance the typical medieval Islamic map of ‘the West’—Surat al-Maghrib— strikes us as nothing more than a quaint abstraction of circles, triangles, and oblong shapes ornately adorned with vivid pigments. Closer study presents a more complex image, however, of passion and conflict; of attraction and revulsion; of love and hate. Indeed the Maghrib map is by far the most dissonant image in the extant collection of medieval Arabic and Persian maps and, as such, one of the most engaging. Whereas all the other images have a veneer of harmony and balance, this one is—by deliberate design—passionately conflicted. It is the discord of desire inlaid within the Muslim pictographs of the Maghrib that is the focus of this chapter, the over-arching question being how did medieval Islamic cartographers settle on such a strange looking image as a representation of the Western Mediterranean— in particular, North Africa, Islamic Spain, and Sicily? Answering this question requires immersing ourselves in the map-image itself, and takes us through a series of subliminal messages ranging from intra-Islamic imperial ambitions to erotic and nostalgic Andalusian poetry.

Ibn Tufayl's Hayy Ibn Yaqzan is a remarkably creative piece of writing that came down to us from the middle ages. It has been considered a classic of medieval Islamic philosophy, and a classic of Arabic novels that had a great influence on the medieval and renaissance west.
The theme of East and West is given prominence in this paper. The first part of my argument concerns the ideological and cultural coloring of the context in which this novel was written. The second part deals with the point of intersection of contesting ideologies in the novel. It also deals with the astonishing variety of conclusions the novel has yielded.
In estimating the novel as both philosophical literature and literary philosophy, which as I argue, cannot be studied in isolation from the famous translation movement (from Greek into Arabic in the middle ages), I would not exclude another possibility that Ibn Tufayl benefited from stoicism. This presupposes Ibn Tufayl's acquaintance with the stoics.
There are also similarities between Hayy Ibn Yaqzan and the cosmogony of the first book of Ovid's Metamorphoses, in relation to his account of the creation and early history of man, which was influenced by the Epicurean Roman poet Lucretius.
I would suggest that there might have been a common Greek source, read by Lucretius, Ovid and Ibn Tufayl (in translation in the last case).
Although, in a way, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan was a direct consequence of Greek thought translated into Arabic, Ibn Tufayl, however, pursued his own Islamic way of reconciling philosophy with religion.

Arapların Müslümanlığı kabulünden sonra, asırlardır önemli bir gelenek olarak yaşattıkları şiirin muhtevâsında bazı değişiklikler olmuştur. Hz. Peygamber devrinden başlayıp günümüze kadar gelen peygamber methiyeleri, İslam ile beraber Arap şiirinin önemli bir nazım türü haline gelmiştir. Söz konusu methiyelerden biri de İbn Câbir el-Endelüsî’nin her beyitte Kur’ân-ı Kerîm sûrelerinin adlarını telmîh yoluyla verdiği kasîdesidir. Son devir Osmanlı âlimlerinden Üsküdar Kadısı Ali Nureddin Efendi bu kasîdeyi Türkçeye çevirmiş ve Cevâhiru’z-zevâhir adlı eserinin içe- risinde neşretmiştir. Bu makalede Ali Nureddin Efendi’nin hayatı anlatılıp eserleri tanıtılacak, ardından mezkûr tercümesinin çeviriyazımı verilecektir.

Identificación y estudio de los principales personajes pertenecientes a la familia de los Banū l-Aḥmar (fundadora de la dinastía y estado nazaríes) que nacieron en Arjona (Jaén) y Jaén. Se parte de la figura central del primer emir nazarí, Muḥammad I, y se revisan las dos generaciones previas a él, su propia generación y dos generaciones posteriores. Los resultados muestran personajes de la familia nacidos en Arjona y Jaén en estas cinco generaciones. Se revela la amplitud del grupo y la necesidad de vínculos familiares y redes de parentesco para la conformación de un nuevo estado. Aparece el factor geográfico-espacial (concentración) como factor de cohesión y destaca la relevancia política de los personajes (que desempeñan importantes cargos como emir, gobernador o jefe militar y conforman los enlaces matrimoniales que cohesionan la red de lealtades del grupo). Se demuestra la importancia y “operatividad” de los linajes, grupos familiares y élites locales en la sociedad andalusí y su desarrollo político en el siglo XIII.

Palabras clave: al-Andalus; Jaén; dinastía Nazarí; s. XIII; historia política; familia nazarí; redes familiares; élites locales.



"Emirs, princes, princesses and military leaders: The Naṣrid royal house of Jaen (jayyānīs members of Banū l-Aḥmar ‘s family and the political role of local elites in Andalusian society)"

Abstract:  This article focuses on the identification and study of the main characters belonging to the family of the Banū l-Aḥmar (founder of the Naṣrid dynasty that ruled Naṣrid Kingdom) born in Arjona (Jaén) and Jaén town. Taking as a starting point the figure of the first Naṣrid emir, Muḥammad I, the study analyzes the genealogical relationship of the two preceding and the two succeeding generations beside his own. The result shows a five generation family tree in which can be seen a significant amount of Naṣrid family members born in Arjona and Jaen. This reflects the size of the group and the need for family ties and kinship networks in order to create of a new state. Geographical proximity as well as the political relevance of many of the Naṣrid family members are two factors that contributed to group cohesion. This fact demonstrates the importance of lineages, families and local elites in the al-Andalus society and its political development in the 13th century.
Keywords: Al-Andalus; Jaén; Naṣrid dynasty; 13th century; political history; Naṣrid family; family networks; local elites.



"Émirs, princes, princesses et chefs militaires : la maison royale naṣride de Jaén (les membres jayyānīs de la famille des Banū l-Aḥmar et le rôle politique des élites locales dans la société andalouse)"

Résumé : Identification et étude des principaux personnages appartenant à la famille des Banū l-Aḥmar (fondateurs de la dynastie et de l’État de naṣrid) qui sont nés à Arjona (Jaén) et Jaén. On départ du personnage centrale, le premier émir naṣrid Muḥammad I, et on examine cinq générations : deux avant lui, sa propre génération et deux après lui. Les résultats montrent des personnages de la famille nés à Arjona et Jaén en ces cinq générations. Ils révèlent l'étendue du groupe et la nécessité de liens familiaux et de réseaux de parenté pour la formation d'un nouvel État. On trouve un facteur géographique-spatial (concentration) comme facteur de cohésion. Il ressort l’importance politique des personnages (ils exercent importants charges tels qu'souverain, gouverneur ou chef militaire et ils engagent des liens de mariage qui relient le réseau de loyauté du group). On établit l'importance et la « mise en oeuvre » des lignages, groupes familiaux et élites locales dans la société andalouse et son développement politique au XIIIe siècle.

Mots clés : al-Andalus ; Jaén ; dynastie des Nasrides ; XIIIe siècle ; histoire politique ; famille nasride ; réseaux familiaux ; élites locales.

The Romance Kharjas: Voices from Medieval Iberia
The kharja is a brief stanza composed or transcribed by an Arabic or Hebrew-speaking poet as part of a poem in Arabic or Hebrew called muwashshah. The invention of this genre has been attributed to a 9th – 10th century poet from Cabra (Córdoba) in Al-Andalus. Most kharjas were written in an Andalusian Arabic dialect. However, some were written partially in Andalusian Romance. In this thesis, we will study aspects of the Romance or partially Romance kharjas that so far have not been studied in depth. We have classified these aspects in linguistic,
literary and socio-cultural aspects. In the chapter on linguistic aspects, we will carry out a linguistic study of the Romance or partially Romance kharjas focusing on possible relations between the medieval use of Andalusian Romance in the kharjas and the Andalusian dialect as used
in the modern age. The purpose of this study is to contribute to revealing some degree of continuity in the Andalusian linguistic heritage. In the chapter on literary aspects, we will focus on the female protagonism and female perspectives of the kharjas, and the possibility of studying the kharjas as part of a corpus of women’s songs. Thus, we will examine the Romance kharjas from a feminist literary criticism point of view. In the chapter on socio-cultural aspects revealed by the kharjas, we will show that the female protagonism the kharjas bear witness of appears as quite distinct from the female role revealed by the courtly love of chivalric romance and other later genres, where the role of women seems reduced to that of being an object of men’s idealisation. With our project, we wish to focus on three main issues:
I. Whether there might be a relation between the Andalusian Romance of the kharjas and the Andalusian dialect.
II. Female protagonism in the kharjas.
III. What the kharjas might reveal as to views on love and sexuality, gender relations and gender roles in medieval Iberia.

El texto analiza las relaciones musicales, históricas, rituales, organológico-instrumentales y líricas del flamenco con la música andalusí, estableciendo elementos de conexión y descartando otros que han sido utilizados con frecuencia para identificar ambos sistemas musicales.