Self-regulation

Effective goal pursuit is integral to organizational success. Because of this, a large number of models have been developed that describe the process of goal pursuit in whole or part. However, these models often have little overlap with one another, making it unclear how they relate to each other, and they do not incorporate emerging evidence from neuroscience about “brain-friendly” modes of goal pursuit. We solve these two problems by proposing the AIM framework of goals, a neurally-informed model which divides the goal pursuit process into three parts—Antecedents, Integration, and Maintenance. This framework organizes existing models by describing where in the overall goal pursuit process they fit (e.g., the SMART model is about goal setting, which is an antecedent), and thus has the distinct advantage of being able to integrate across existing models in a meaningful way. Because it is based in neuroscience, the framework can also serve as a bridge between the neuroscience and organizational/ leadership fields over which relevant knowledge about brain functioning can be imported into the study of goal pursuit for organizations. In this paper, we briefly review popular models of goals and describe where they fit within the AIM framework, describe each step of AIM and the corresponding current neuroscience knowledge, and then discuss how the AIM framework can set an agenda for future organizational and neuroscience research in this area. This paper is written to be equally relevant to and useful for those pursuing their own goals as well as those facilitating goal pursuit in others.

Psychological and Religious Dimensions of Personal Transformation:
Psychodynamic approaches to the Ignatian Exercises
by Martin J. Egan

Ignatius of Loyola has been recognised by modern psychologists as the innovator of Christian developmental psychology. The depth of psychological penetration displayed by Ignatius in his Spiritual Exercises is examined from a psychodynamic perspective. An overview of the series of meditations and practises of the first two weeks of the Ignatian four week retreat, including vignettes from individual experiences, is presented. I propose the Spiritual Exercises are a form of ‘transformative practise’ based on Christian theology. The religious and psychological transformations that can occur through engaging with the Spiritual Exercises are explored.
The thesis draws on the psychological literature addressing the Spiritual Exercises, together with extensive unpublished lectures, given by Jung between June 1939 and March 1940 in Zurich. I argue that Ignatius’ guidelines for the ‘discernment of spirits’ are the key to the psychological dimension of the Exercises. Ignatius’ instructions for the retreat guide/director and the individual’s testing of their inner experience are also shown to be critical. A psychodynamic interpretation of the processes that often occur in individuals during the Ignatian retreat is presented using texts which primarily offer a post-Freudian perspective. Particular attention is given to Jung’s interest in the Exercises, which opens the possibilities of elucidating a Jungian perspective. I also suggest a Kleinian interpretation as an additional approach. The central role of the imagination in the Exercises is highlighted.
I focus on the first and second weeks because I want to draw out how individuals’ experiences in this period of the exercises can be paralleled to stages of psychological development. After the first two weeks, psychological language proves inadequate to interpret the spiritual process Ignatius envisaged. These first two phases prove amenable to psychodynamic interpretations that help illuminate both the Exercises and our understanding of individual spiritual development.

How to Design Impactful Laws - Treatise on Legistic and Legisprudence  in the Age of Soft Law

La loi peine toujours plus à « faire la loi » à l’ère du droit souple et de la globalisation. Afin de produire un impact législatif aussi juste qu’optimal, la légistique doit proposer dans ce nouveau contexte une démarche permettant d’intégrer démocratiquement la force du droit souple dans le processus législatif, de pair avec le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois, sans se contenter d’améliorer la clarté des textes.

Ce traité présente les fondements de la légistique, constituée historiquement pour faire recouvrer à la loi sa rationalité, son efficacité, sa clarté et sa concision.

Il explique comment :
- créer une analyse d’impact intégrée qui prenne en compte toutes les composantes du développement durable parmi la multiplicité des instruments d’action tant publics que privés (légistique matérielle prospective) ;
- formuler des textes clairs et cohérents (légistique formelle) ;
- évaluer rétrospectivement les effets des lois et des politiques publiques par des méthodes appelées à devenir participatives (légistique matérielle rétrospective).

Ce traité porte sur le droit suisse et le droit de l’Union européenne, avec des aspects de droit comparé. Il intègre de manière critique les développements en économie comportementale, en sciences affectives, en intelligence artificielle et en sciences de la gouvernance et de la régulation.

Il s’adresse non seulement aux juristes mais aussi aux spécialistes en sciences sociales, au personnel politique et administratif ainsi qu’à toute personne intéressée par le pilotage des politiques publiques.

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How to Design Impactful Laws: Treatise on Legistic and Legisprudence  in the Age of Soft Law

In an age of soft law and globalization, it has become increasingly difficult for the law to “lay down the law”. To ensure in this new context that its impact is as fair as optimal, legistic must go beyond mere clear legislative drafting: it has to propose a method for integrating the strength of soft law in the democratic law-making process.
This treatise presents the foundations of the sciences of legislation (legistic or legisprudence), historically constituted to make laws more rational and effective, clearer and shorter.

It explains how to:
- create an integrated impact assessment that factors in all the components of sustainable development, among the multiplicity of public and private policy instruments (ex ante material legistic);
- formulate and communicate clear and coherent texts (formal legistic);
- retrospectively evaluate laws and public policies through methods which should become more participative (ex post material legistic).

This treatise is based on Swiss and European Union law, with a look on comparative law. It includes developments in regulation and regulatory governance, behavioral economics, affective sciences and artificial intelligence.

This work is intended not only for lawyers, but also for social scientist, members of political and administrative authorities, and anyone interested in public policy evaluation.

Apps and fitness trackers have changed the application culture of bio-surveillance. Their feedback technologies not only facilitate healthy lifestyle practices, but also multiply social control. At the interface of digital media systems and bioinformatic knowledge media, in the trend of self-measurement, they help to consider the body as a media object of regulated design and numerical forms of expression. The article deals with the logic of digital fitness and health monitoring devices and examines its importance in the context of self-management practices in process-oriented negotiation processes.

Apps und Fitness-Tracker haben die Anwendungskultur der Bio-Surveillance verändert. Ihre Feedbacktechnologien erleichtern nicht nur Praktiken der gesunden Lebensführung, sondern multiplizieren auch soziale Kontrolle. An der Schnittstelle von digitalen Mediensystemen und bioinformatischen Wissensmedien tragen sie im Trend der Selbstvermessung dazu bei, den Körper als Medienobjekt geregelter Gestaltung und numerischer Ausdrucksformen zu betrachten. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Programmlogik dieses digitalen Fitness- und Gesundheitsmonitoring und untersucht ihren Stellenwert im Kontext von Praktiken der Selbstführung in prozessorientierten Aushandlungsprozessen.

Motivation for the achievements is urgently needed when attending a class. For renforcing the motivation can be obtained through self-regulation this research aimed to discover students' self-regulation in a private university at Yogyakarta. This research used quantitative approach in the form of survey. The population in this research was all students in Primary school Teacher Education comprising 233 students. Whereas, there were 155 students as the sample taken by using random sampling technique. Furthermore, students' self-regulation was measured by using self regulation learning. The data analysis was conducted qualitatively in the form of descriptive or inferential showed by self-regulation in high category comprising 11 students or 7,09%, medium category comprising 97 students or 62,58%, and low category comprising 47 students or 30,32%. The result of this study showed that: (1) self-regulation of prospective primary school teachers was included into medium category, (2) self-regulation had an important role to improve students' motivation.

O presente trabalho não objetiva discutir a existência ou inexistência de um direito à tutela dos dados pessoais nem seus eventuais contornos, mas sim discutir estratégias regulatórias colocadas em prática, tendo como premissa a existência de tal direito e seu conteúdo já solidificado, ao menos em princípio, na doutrina sobre o assunto . Dado este enorme passo, deve-se, entretanto, atentar a uma questão relevante e anterior a qualquer discussão sobre direitos e deveres específicos: como regular?

Organizadores: Sérgio Branco, Chiara de Teffé
Editora: Lumen Juris

As the role of vocabulary is very essential in language learners' ability to convey their intended messages, this study has tried to examine the use of self-regulated learning strategies in vocabulary learning of 100 EFL intermediate level learners studying in language institutes of Neyriz, Iran. Using survey method of research, data were collected by administration of 'Self-regulating Capacity in Vocabulary Learning' scale (SRCvoc). The obtained results revealed that the participants were moderate users of self-regulated strategies in their vocabulary learning and considering the subscales, environmental regulation obtained the highest mean, being the most influential one while the least influential subscale was emotional regulation. In addition, males had a higher mean score in use of self-regulatory strategies. The outcome of this study will hopefully lead to teachers' attempts in providing students with the required domain, instrumental support, and strategy knowledge to operate independently and have a better performance in their vocabulary learning.

In humans, socio-environmental cues play an important role in determining adaptive psychophysiological states and behaviours. In sport and exercise, cues to cohesive groups and close, supportive relationships are ubiquitous, possibly because of their effects on neurobiological mechanisms underlying physical performance. Clinical research has shown that the presence of supportive others can lead to reductions in perceptions of pain, while research from sport and exercise science has shown that pain and physical fatigue occupy ranges on a single spectrum of physical discomfort, which works to regulate outputs during strenuous physical exertion. Given the similar neurobiological underpinnings of pain and fatigue, the involvement of both in the self-regulation of strenuous physical outputs, and the effects of social support on perceptions of pain and neurophysiological stress responses more generally, we hypothesised that perceptions of social support affect outputs during strenuous physical exercise by altering activity in self-regulatory mechanisms involved in perceptions of pain and fatigue. We used a between-subjects experimental design to test this hypothesis, varying participants' social support and measuring physical outputs and perceptions of physical discomfort and exertion during a series of maximum-effort cycling bouts. Analyses showed that participants in the social support condition produced greater initial outputs and steeper declines over time, compared to controls. This effect was moderated by participant neuroticism; an important predictor of how individuals react to social support. We discuss these findings in terms of proposed causal mechanisms linking supportive, cohesive social environments with self-regulation and physical performance.

On the basis of two thought experiments, I argue that self-building technologies are possible given our current level of technological progress. We could already use technology to make us instantiate selfhood in a more perfect, complete manner. I then examine possible extensions of this thesis, regarding more radical self-building technologies which might become available in a distant future. I also discuss objections and reservations one might have about this view.

This paper discuss the burdens faced by architects and developers in dealing with building construction permit under the present application procedures in Malaysia. The bureaucracy imposed under the present laws in obtaining building plan approval from local authority prior to commencement of building works are hindering smooth development of the country. In many cases, the conditions imposed by local authority are arbitrary and unjustifiable. To overcome bureaucracy issues, a proposal for Architect Self-regulation Approach (ASRA), where the plan prepared by the Architects are self-approved, to be implemented in Malaysia.
Abstrak Kertas kerja ini membincangkan bebanan yang dihadapi oleh para arkitek dan pemaju dalam urusan mendapatkan permit pembinaan di bawah prosedur permohonan sediada di Malaysia. Masalah birokrasi di bawah peraturan-peraturan berkaitan dengan kelulusan pelan bangunan oleh pihak berkuasa tempatan untuk memulakan kerja binaan menghalang kelancaran pembangunan negara. Dalam kebanyakan kes, syarat-syarat yang dikenakan oleh pihak berkuasa tempatan adalah secara sewenang-wenang dan tidak wajar. Untuk mengatasi isu birokrasi tersebut, cadangan Pendekatan Penyeliaan Sendiri Arkitek (PPSA), di mana pelan yang disediakan diluluskan sendiri oleh Arkitek akan dilaksanakan di Malaysia.

La ponencia presenta un conjunto de propuestas teórico-procedimentales relativas al aprendizaje
autorregulado y su andamiaje en entorno digital. Ello, con fundamento en una revisión de la literatura de
perspectiva sociocognitiva. Luego de la introducción, la primera parte aborda la relación entre los constructos
metacognición, autorregulación y aprendizaje autorregulado, con base en planteamientos hechos desde el
enfoque de la psicología educativa; asimismo, presenta los objetos de la autorregulación y expone las fases y
procesos del aprendizaje autorregulado contempladas en el modelo cíclico de Robert Zimmerman. La segunda
parte integra propuestas conceptuales y procedimentales referentes al andamiaje a la autorregulación
académica, enfatizando el brindado en entornos digitales: se define el término, se señala su dimensión contextual,
se exponen sus distintas clasificaciones (con ejemplificación) y se enumeran indicadores de su efectividad.

In the present study we investigated which role manipulated (i.e., experimentally induced) and perceived (i.e., self-reported) self-con- trol depletion plays in students’ (N¼176 seventh graders) achievement-related experiences and behaviour during a test of English as a foreign language, while controlling for trait self-con- trol. Our successful experimental manipulation of self-control depletion revealed that there were no effects on any of the stu- dents’ outcome variables. However, students who reported high self-control depletion immediately after the experimental manipu- lation were less motivated to work on the subsequent test, reported more distracting thoughts, showed lower performance, and felt more depleted at the end of the test session. Trait self- control turned out to be a protective and supportive factor for most of our outcome variables. Our results provide evidence that the perceived and not the manipulated level of self-control deple- tion is a predictor of achievement-related behaviour in tests on English as a foreign language.

Der Ruf nach Selbstbestimmung war einst ein Aufbruchssignal der Frauenbewegung. Inzwischen ist die Forderung vielfältig kritisch reflektiert worden. In den Sozialwissenschaften wird die Vorstellung eines autonomen Selbst in den so genannten Gouvernementalitätsstudien auseinandergenommen. Wer kann hier von wem lernen?

Référence complète : Frison-Roche, M.-A., Les conséquences régulatoires d'un monde repensé à partir de la notion de "donnée", in Frison-Roche, M.-A. (dir.), Internet, espace d'interrégulation, série "Régulation", Journal of Regulation - Dalloz, 2016, p.183-207.

Lien : http://mafr.fr/fr/article/les-consequences-regulatoires-dun-monde-repensee-a/

Résumé : La première conséquence régulatoire tient au fait que ce que l'on désigne souvent comme "l'objet" de la donnée (la personne, l'entreprise pour la donnée financière, l'économie pour le rating, etc.), n'est que sa source, son "sous-jacent", la donnée étant fabriquée par une entreprise ou par l’État  tandis que son objet est bien plutôt l'usage pour lequel cette donnée a été construite et articulée à d'autres.  La donnée est donc autonome de son sous-jacent, est mise en masses affectées, prend une valeur économique en fonction des désirs qu'en ont ses utilisateurs et ses acheteurs, devient disponible hors du temps et de l'espace dans le numérique. Cela implique une interrégulation spécifique.

Mais la donnée est aussi le Janus du numérique, car, nouvel or noir, pur instrument financier, par nature immatérielle, la donnée conserve pourtant la trace des personnes. Elle la conserve, la met en exergue et en danger. Le Droit peut alors établir de force une indissociabilité entre la donnée et son sous-jacent, pour protéger celui-ci, notamment s'il s'agit d'une personne, ou pour atteindre celui qui utilise l'information.  Cette double-face de la donnée entraîne des chocs de régulations dans Internet. Le cas Safe Harbor l'illustre.

En outre, tout Internet ramène vers l'internaute, dans lequel l'on verrait volontiers "Le Grand Interrégulateur". Mais est-ce si adéquat, légitime et efficace ? Le "consentement," auquel renvoie l'interrégulation assurée par l'internaute lui-même, fait naître le doute. En revanche, sous le vocable déplacé de "droit à l'oubli" se dissimule une arme efficace qui peut frapper ceux qui accaparent les données dans une économie numérique qui semble se constituer dans un mécanisme anté-marché, c'est-à-dire dans une régression qui pulvérise l'autorégulation marchande elle-même pour remplacer les actes juridiques d'échange par des actes juridiques conjonctifs, organisation que pour l'instant le Droit et la Régulation ont bien du mal à appréhender, faute des qualifications juridiques pour ce faire.

Le "droit à l'oubli" requalifié à travers la catégorie des actes conjonctifs serait un premier pas pour satisfaire un objectif de la régulation, assurant à la fois la protection de l'innovation et la protection des personnes, dans un futur qui doit rester toujours ouvert et que nulle puissance économique ou politique ne peut s'approprier.

Introduction: The low level of participation in cardiac rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction is one of the most important problems in cardiology. Participation in the cardiac rehabilitation process depends on many diverse factors and one of the fundamental ones is a self-care attitude. It is very important to find predictors which can effectively influence this attitude. If we can understand some of the self-care attitude predictors, we might be better prepared to lead a more effective and much faster form of rehabilitation. The presented studies relate to the above mentioned issues. Methods: The studies were performed on a group of 127 patients, 28 women and 99 men, after myocardial infarction, who were subjected to cardiac rehabilitation. The studies comprised filling out a questionnaire that appraises self-care and personal data. Theresults were then subjected to statistical analysis and discussion. Results: The study found that there is no correlation between the self care, age and socioeconomic status of the patients after myocar-dial infarction. There is a correlation between educational level and self care (0.01) and mental self care and gender (0.05). There is no correlation between general self care and gender. Conclusion: It resulted from the studies that along with the level of education the level of self care increases. Results suggest that the education of the patients after myocardial infarction can be an important factor influencing people's self care. Results also indicate that women have a higher level of mental self care than men do. Although there was no relation between self care, age and socioeconomic status, the results show that there is a trend in this connection that might be important. Further research into this problem should be encouraged.

This article discusses the processes of: (1) transition; and (2) learning agency development in early childhood educational settings and proposes a framework for understanding interactions between these two processes. The paper presents findings from a single case study which provides evidence of the relevance of acknowledging young children’s voices in research concerning them and in educational practices. The research was carried out in a State school in Santiago, Chile, and aims to contribute to related work carried out in Chile as well as internationally. The main research questions were: ‘What issues in relation to transition do Chilean young children highlight as important when interviewed using photographs?’ and ‘To what extent do young children demonstrate the development of their sense of learning agency when interviewed using photographs?’ The study adopts a bio-ecological perspective and follows a multiple level and multiple methods design. This article reports the preliminary findings of two photograph interviews carried out with one girl aged between 5½ and 6½ years (the first in Kindergarten and the second in First Grade). The analysis considers the information
revealed during these photograph interviews, and reports the important issues for this girl’s transition process and its relation with her development of learning agency. Finally, the discussion highlights the relevance of these issues and their relation to the context in which the data was gathered as well as the contribution of this study to research in the transition and learning agency field.

Numerous empirical findings relevant for self-regulation research can be related to functional self-regulation patterns (proactive and defensive) and a dysfunctional pattern (depressive absence of self-regulation efforts). The first two patterns are in accordance with numerous empirical findings coming from the fields of cognitive, social and educational psychology, including concepts such as promotion vs. prevention focus and mastery or learning mode vs. coping or well-being mode. These patterns can be supplemented with a depressive pattern indicating self-defeating cognitions and strategies, absence of motivation and self-regulatory efforts. The empirical part of this study is focused on self-regulated learning and relationships between cognitive beliefs, motivational beliefs and self-regulation strategies. Croatian upper elementary students (N  =  460; age 11–14 years) participated in this investigation. Self-reports were gathered by self-regulated learning components scale. The factor analysis of self-regulation components supported the theoretical distinction between the proactive and defensive self-regulation patterns. The results were interpreted in the context of previous research findings. Further research needs to address the question of specific self-regulation failures (the depressive pattern) in samples that include larger proportion of poorly adapted and under-achieving students.

Malaysian students need to be skilful in both English and Malay in this global era. Matriculation students learn Biology in English, not their first language; as such my students have difficulty in remembering the facts. Musical mnemonics were used to enable my students remember the facts of the Calvin Cycle of Photosynthesis correctly; and in the right order. An independent-samples t-test showed that the approach enabled students to consolidate their memory processes; t (62) = 17.928, p=.0005. Based on the findings, I suggest that musical mnemonics should be used to facilitate recall of other biological processes including DNA replication and transcription. As a memorization tool, musical mnemonics must meet several criteria in order to be effective and I have suggested the criteria. The results of this study imply that, with innovations, Science can be successfully taught in English. In view of further research, a video CD of the mnemonics was created.

In achievement situations, individuals need to invest self-control in order to regulate their attention, thoughts, and emotions in a
goal-directed manner. Research suggests that exerting self-control leads to decreasing self-control performance over time as a result of the
short-term depletion of individuals’ state self-control capacity. In four studies, we validated a new version – the 5-item scale for measuring
the momentary self-control capacity (SMS-5; English version available in Table 1) – of Ciarocco’s State Self-Control Capacity Scale (SSCCS)
to assess changes in people’s perceived state self-control capacity (i.e., degree of perceived mental exhaustion) in achievement situations.
Drawing on German samples of apprentices in vocational education and training (N = 2,395), tenth-graders (N = 129), and university
students (N = 95; N = 140), we replicated the unidimensional internal structure of the SMS-5. Moreover, measurement invariance was
supported for different groups of apprentices, for gender, and over time. The SMS-5 performed as well as the SSCCS in predicting
achievement-related outcome variables and is a viable option for repeatedly assessing individuals’ perceived state self-control capacity and for tracking mental exhaustion over time.

Decentralized internal rating based models (self-regulation) which are substituted to public regulation are not able to hold a long-term macroeconomic vision or to take into account interdependencies among private units and markets. Therefore, they seem to be unable to tackle with systemic crises. Moreover, liberal supervision schemes reduce the field of action of monetary authorities and limit the systemic range of their interventions in case of large crisis. Then the absence of macro-regulatory schemes reveals to be one of the causes of the appearance and the persistency of generalized financial crises. A reappraisal of the Minskian financial instability hypothesis and the results of models of conventions, of financing by LBO and of cognitive dissonance points out that the current financial crisis casts doubt on two principles of the way of regulation of modern capitalism: 1) The capacity of market mechanisms for correcting errors of judgment of decentralized actors without structural public interventions; 2) The efficiency of the self-regulation of markets regarding public regulation schemes. These principles turn out to be unable to ensure the continuity in market relations under their present form. So, new research becomes compulsory in order to imagine new macro-prudential mechanisms seeking to strengthen the viability of economic and monetary relations.

Private rule-making is widely discussed as supporting institutional policy making and legislation at EU level. The following argues for a different perspective on private actor rule-making, focusing on the autonomy of social realms within which self-governance may be possible. From this perspective, private actor rule-making is considered as a potential gain in self-determination. Substantive autonomy and enhanced self-determination of all affected are considered as prerequisites for accepting rules made by private actors. Opening the field for discussion, some manifestations of (envisaged) private rule-making at EU level are explored and discussed as to whether they should be accepted as legitimate forms of selfgovernance.

Achieved #1 Best Seller in Exercise and Fitness on Amazon (USA and Canada) and called "the best book on exercise I've ever read" by best-selling author Dan Heath (Made to Stick, Switch), "a much-needed guide for both health professionals and the general public" by Pedro Teixeira (past president of the International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity), "a better approach to physical activity" by Barbara Ainsworth (past president of ACSM) and "it will change the way you think about exercise.." by Brian Wansink (Mindless Eating),  No Sweat has a fresh combination of science and teaches a method that individuals, professionals and academics are all using.

No Sweat shows the health coaching method that Segar has been using with her clients for 20 years (that has a published long-term evaluation funded by the NIH) and an integration of key motivation, decision making, self-regulation, and marketing science. Through client stories, she shows how to leverage principles of motivation, decision making and information processing to facilitate autonomous motivation and the prioritization of self-care so people are able to sustain health behaviors throughout their busy lives.

Because it integrates key science related to creating sustainable health-related behaviors, No Sweat is being adopted as a course text in undergraduate and graduate curriculum. For a free Teaching and Discussion Guide to use No Sweat as a course text please email Michelle Segar or get it from the book page on her website, MichelleSegar.com.

See the attached sample chapter. (No Sweat is available for sale in local bookstores and on Amazon and Barnes & Nobel).

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of co-creating rubrics against just using rubrics. By co-creating rubrics, the students might have the opportunity to better internalize them and have a voice in the assessment criteria. Two groups undertaking a degree in Sport Sciences (N = 65) participated. Results showed that the students who co-created the rubrics had higher levels of learning selfregulation measured through thinking aloud protocols, whereas the results from the self-reported self-regulation and self-efficacy questionnaires did not show significant differences. The treatment group outperformed the control group in only one out of the three tasks assessed. Regarding the perceptions about rubrics use, there were no significant differences except for the process of co-creation, to which the co-created rubric group gave higher importance. Therefore, this study has opened an interesting venue on rubrics research: co-creating rubrics may influence students’ activation of learning strategies.

This paper is an inquiry into “aha” moments I encountered while exploring my Métis ancestry and place relationship. It seeks to alleviate trauma through expressive narrative, and reveal ways for educators to teach Métis learners, which was accomplished by the revelation of the wâhkôhtowin worldview that emerged from my autobiographical exploration of my ancestry on Turtle Island (North America). Wâhkôhtowin is a Cree word for “all my relations”, and is the one I will use. This exploration is a form of “praxis”, an Indigenous story approach that I hope leads to action and educational change (Freire, 1970). To do this, I, an adult Métis from Northern Alberta, explored recent Métis scholarship, and autobiographies of adult Métis from Northern Alberta and Saskatchewan. I then told my own story while recognizing themes that give rise to a Métis worldview. The results showed that teaching and learning for the Métis must comprise a sense of belonging for “all my relations” as well as a self-determining (otipemisiwak), respectful (ekichinantak) learning environment for wâhkôhtowin. I conclude with some implications for education and further study.

A Self-Adaptive Organism is a system able to reconfigure its own structure and change its own behaviour during the execution of its adaptation to environmental changes. (Zhu 2015) The function of a self-adaptive organism can be described in a recursive way: this entity updates its results, means and processes by thinking and acting, recycling knowledge to solve problems both inside and outside of itself. Self-adaptation is an observable phenomenon: nature provides numerous ex- amples of self-adaptive organisms. These models are used in biology, physics and chemistry as metaphors to create reference systems and metrics that allow us to improve and enhance organizational solutions in social and economic contexts.