Toponimy

Din cauza inexistenței unor materiale cartografice ale Județului Muscel din perioada interbelică, am realizat această hartă în concordanță cu realitățile teritoriale de la acea vreme. Granițele județului, ale plășilor, drumurile naționale, căile ferate și așezările respectă întocmai realitățile din perioada interbelică. Drumurile simple, dintre așezări, au fost generalizate din cauza faptului că nu există un suport de date pe care să se poată lucra (digitiza). Singurele materiale cartografice din perioada interbelică care ar fi putut ajuta la realizarea tuturor drumurilor ar fi fost Planurile Directoare de Tragere, însă, din cauză că pe anumite suprafețe sunt foarte slab realizate, nu s-a putut obține o reprezentare corectă a tuturor drumurilor din județ.
Drepturile de autor sunt rezervate.

El estudio histórico de la toponimia de una zona consiste esencialmente en determinar la etimología de cada topónimo, es decir, señalar la raíz —o étimo— del que procede, junto con el significado original de dicha raíz, y aclarar las peripecias de su evolución hasta hoy. Para garantizar la fiabilidad de la solución propuesta, la cientificidad requiere que cada etimología cumpla las siguientes cinco condiciones o puntos de verificación, y en la medida en que no lo haga, tendrá menores probabilidades de ser correcta. Debe poder demostrarse:
1) La presencia de la lengua: que la lengua o dialecto al que pertenece la raíz propuesta se hablaba en el lugar cuando se creó el topónimo.
2) La existencia de la raíz: que el étimo que se postula como origen del topónimo existía en aquella lengua en aquel momento. 
3) La idoneidad semántica: que el significado del étimo es determinado, y adecuado para un topónimo.  Es un punto a favor, aunque no imprescindible, que el significado refleje alguna característica del lugar.
4) La compatibilidad documental: que la hipótesis encaja con las antiguas formas documentadas y la pronunciación actual del nombre.
5) La viabilidad lingüística: que si se somete la raíz a la cadena de cambios fonéticos diacrónicos esperados, se obtiene como resultado el nombre actual.
Para la toponimia creada en los últimos siglos es relativamente fácil cumplir con estas exigencias y ofrecer etimologías seguras. Pero a medida que retrocedemos en el tiempo, la información disponible empieza a escasear, hasta el extremo de que, para los períodos más arcaicos, casi la única fuente de información que tenemos sobre aspectos probatorios claves (como las lenguas habladas en el lugar, las raíces disponibles y las normas de evolución fonética) son los propios topónimos que queremos analizar. De hecho, uno de los aspectos más útiles del estudio de la toponimia es precisamente la información que aporta sobre períodos para los cuales no tenemos más fuentes fiables que la arqueología. Pero ¿cómo ofrecer garantías de cientificidad en tales circunstancias?
La respuesta es que, cuando falten pruebas independientes de cualquiera de los cinco puntos de verificación, se podrá aducir como testimonio la existencia de otros topónimos que demuestran, en circunstancias similares, los mismos rasgos o evolución que el nombre bajo escrutinio. Este enfoque, que se podría llamar la norma de los ejemplos paralelos, se convierte, necesariamente, en una de las bases fundamentales de la ciencia toponomásica

Resumen El artículo presenta un estudio toponímico, donde además de recopilar topónimos, traducirlos y localizarlos en un mapa, se analizan las explicaciones sobre los orígenes de cada uno y se compara el repertorio obtenido con otros de zonas aledañas. Para ello, se desarrolló un mapeo participativo en conjunto con los habitantes de las aldeas de Pescado Negro y Los Pocitos-Tay'ú y se analizó material inédito de entrevistas y relatos recogidos in situ. Los nombres de los lugares analizados evocan narrativas que describen un ambiente natural y social dinámico, habitado por multiplicidad de seres (humanos y no humanos, físicos y metafísicos) vinculados íntimamente en un constante ciclo de vida y muerte, degeneración y renovación. El mapa de topónimos wichí es mucho más que una representación cartográfica del paisaje, aborda diversos tópicos significativos para los wichís y guarda en sí mismo testimonios de las múltiples dimensiones de la experiencia humana sobre el territorio. Abstract This article presents a toponymic study, where in addition to collecting toponyms, translating and locating them on a map, the explanations of the origins of each one are analysed and contextualized and the accounts obtained are compared with those of neighbouring areas. For this purpose a participatory mapping is employed, carried out together with inhabitants of the villages of Pescado Negro and Los Pocitos-Tay'ú, and unpublished material from interviews and stories collected in situ are analysed. The studied toponyms evoke narratives that describe a dynamic natural and social environment, inhabited by a multiplicity of beings (human and non-human, physical and metaphysical) intimately linked in a constant cycle of life and death, degeneration and renewal. The Wichi toponymic map is far more than a cartographic representation of the landscape, it addresses many significant topics for the Wichi and holds testimonies of the multidimensional human experience within the territory. Introducción Los wichi son un pueblo indígena que habita en el Chaco Semiárido de Argentina en las provincias de Salta, Formosa y Chaco, y que se encuentra cultural, histórica y lingüísticamente ligado a los w'enhayey de Bolivia. Poseen una lengua propia, el wichi-lhämtes, que pertenece a la familia lingüística mataco-mataguaya (Fabre, 2005). En tiempos pasados, estaban organizados en pequeños grupos nómadas que recorrían extensas áreas, en donde practicaban la caza, la pesca y la recolección, y en menor medida la agricultura. Conocían a la perfección las áreas que recorrían, y los lugares que les resultaban significativos eran nombrados según distintos criterios. Los nombres de los lugares wichís guardan historias en las que están representadas memorias colectivas, prácticas sociales y modos de entender el mundo. Cuando se otorgan nombres al espacio, se lo transforma simbólica y materialmente en un territorio culturalmente organizado, y en ese mismo acto se ponen en juego elementos de la identidad colectiva y su dinámica en el tiempo (Censabella, 2009; Palmer, 2005, p. 41). Además, los wichís continúan buscando en las tierras que históricamente habitaron, los alimentos, las medicinas, los combustibles, y otros elementos que les permiten sostener su economía, y por tanto, el territorio es considerado un "elemento trascendental, que da soporte a la vida" (Arenas, 2003: 76). El marco jurídico internacional y nacional sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas garantiza una serie de derechos especiales sobre los territorios y las lenguas Editado por R. Montani y Z. Franceschi

Rezumat Surprinzător sau nu, toponimia este un subiect central într-un proiect de tip landscape archaeology. Situaţia se datorează unor caracteristici ale acestei graniţe romane care, deocamdată, nu au putut fi explicate mulţumitor pe datele existente. Ipotezele care ar putea oferi, eventual, motivaţii raţionale, presupun un mediu natural destul de diferit de ceea ce ştim noi despre Câmpia Română. Fiindcă documentaţia cartografică utilă nu coboară ma jos de finalul veacului al XVIII-lea, iar documentele medievale sunt foarte greu de montat într-o geografie strânsă, toponimia a rămas speranţa că ar putea ascunde, mai ales în toponimia minoră, puţin cunoscută, martori ai unor vremuri mai îndepărtate. Partea cea mai consistentă a analizei se referă la terminologia forestieră, ajungând la concluzia unei conexiuni între densitatea reţelei hidrografice şi frecvenţa pădurilor; aşa stând lucrurile, caracterul stepic câmpiei care mărgineşte lunca Dunării poate fi la fel de bine o caracteristică antică, fiindcă structura hidrografică majoră nu s-a schimbat în epocă istorică. Similar, în baza acestei structuri se poate postula un caracter semi-stepic şi pentru alte zone, cum ar fi zona izvoarelor pârâului Burdea. Pădurile par în schimb să fi dominat tot restul peisajului.

Gli agiotoponimi friulani San(t) Andrat e San Tomat e i veneti Santandrà, Sandrà, San Tomà  conservano traccia della flessione nominale latina in -ās/āti- che integrava nel sistema tardo-latino elementi allotri, in particolare gli antroponimi d’origine greca (o mediati dal greco) terminanti in -ās, come Andreās, Cosmās, Thōmās, Babylās ecc. Le attestazioni tardo-antiche e mediolatine documentano tale uso, che si fossilizzò nei toponimi: es. 539 fundum ... Andreatis ... praepositi, 745 ex dictatu Andreati refer(endarii), 746 p(er) Andreatem, 747 ex d(ictatu) Andreatis, ecc.

GÉNÉALOGIES AUX DÉBUTS
Établir les débuts généalogiques des familles nobles de Moldavie s’avère presque toujours une mission difficile et compliquée, à cause de certaines réalités spécifiques à l’histoire médiévale des Roumains. L’absence ou l’usage inconséquent des patronymes, les homonymies, les erreurs chronologiques, les indications imprécises ou confuses des parentés, la documentation limitée à quelques documents concernant les domaines des boyards et l’absence de toute autre source capable de fournir des informations généalogiques (ou de les vérifier) obligent le chercheur de suivre des chemins qui peuvent sembler étranges ou inattendus. Dans le texte ci-dessus, l’auteur a rassemblé trois études de cas, qui constituent de vrais défis méthodologiques. La partie la plus ancienne des généalogies de ces trois familles peut être envisagée seulement suivant un repère infaillible, qui peut conduire sans faute à des conclusions solides: la possession continue des propriétés terriennes. De la sorte, la famille Albotă (les ancêtres des Flondor), dont la généalogie non interrompue débute au premier quart du XVIe siècle (1520), gagne environ un siècle et demi: un premier Albotă, vivant dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle, fut le fondateur d’un village nommé Alboteşti (dans le département de Bacău), dont la possession était réclamée en 1639 par des descendants bien éloignés. La situation est presque identique dans le troisième cas: un seigneur vivant au XIVe, dont on connait le nom (Neagoe Gănescul), fut le fondateur du village Găneşti (aujourd’hui dans le département de Iaşi), mais on ne peut pas prouver chartes en main la continuité généalogique jusqu’aux premiers boyards Gănescul, attestés dans le premier quart du XVIe siècle (1517). Cette descendance est pourtant incontestable, témoignée par la transmission du patronyme et la possession du domaine, et confirmée par la présence du document qui mentionne Neagoe Gănescul du XIVe siècle dans les archives des Gănescul du XVIe siècle. Les boyards Rotompan (le second cas) sont les descendants du seigneur Stanislas Rotompan, membre du Conseil princier entre 1387 et 1413; parfois, il partage cette qualité avec ses fils, dont les noms restent inconnus. La continuité généalogique – en dépit de l’absence des informations directes – est prouvée par la possession du village fondé par Stanislas Rotompan, Rotompăneşti (aujourd’hui, Rotopăneşti, dans le département de Suceava) jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle. D’autre part, les noms de ses descendants des XVe et XVIe siècles ont été retrouvés en fouillant l’histoire d’autres possessions de la famille Rotompan (devenue, plus tard, Rotopan). Il est à remarquer que dans tous les trois cas le fondateur de la famille fut aussi le fondateur du village qui emprunta son nom, mis au pluriel, pour signaler que le domaine appartenait à ses descendants: Albotă → Alboteşti; Gănescul → Găneşti; Rotompan → Roto(m)păneşti.
Une conclusion s’impose: pour mieux connaître les débuts généalogiques des familles nobles de Moldavie, le chercheur doit se tenir au plus près des documents et du terrain (les possessions des porteurs des patronymes).

Në veprën e tij “Fonologjia historike e gjuhës shqipe” (Tiranë 1996) prof. Shaban Demiraj i kushton një kapitull të veçantë rotacizmit në gjuhën shqipe duke shtjelluar disa çështje themelore, si p. sh. periudhën kur është shfaqur ai  dhe marrëdhëniet e tij me hundorësinë. Demiraj përmend gjithashtu faktin që ky fenomen fonetik ka vepruar dikur edhe në rumanishten, megjithë rezervat që ka sa i takon një lidhje midis këtyre dy gjuhëve ballkanike në këtë pikë. Ne do të përpiqemi ta përshkruajmë më gjerësisht këtë dukuri të përbashkët në rumanishten, e cila përfshin edhe një lloj tjetër rotacizmi që nuk ekziston në shqip, konkretisht rotacizimin e l-së në r. Ky i fundit ka mundësi që të jetë i implikuar edhe në emrin etnik të vendit tonë dhe banorëve të tij në mesjetë, krh. Albania ~ Arbën, Arbëni.

"This special issue of "Patrimonio Histórico" (Historical Heritage), the bulletin of the Andalusian Historical Heritage Institute, brings together a series of contributions aimed at disseminating the concept of megalithic heritage among cultural and historical heritage specialists. It provides a general overview of the basic themes involved in today's research of the megalithic phenomenon (section "ideas, theories, problems"), the main methodological innovations the field has experienced in recent years ("sciences, methods"), the public perceptions involved ("perceptions") as well as a series of major megalithic sites of southern Iberia ("sites, interventions, management")."

I) The sign NIM, used with a topographic value, is first attested without any
doubt through Eanatum inscriptions (KUR NIMki), who ruled Lagaš around the
third quarter of the 3rd millennium BC. It is proposed to consider as unsuitable
the systematic translation of this sign by ‘Elam’, at least in 3rd millennium BC
Mesopotamian texts.
The different meanings and values of this sign are reviewed here, in a strictly
chronological way, and more particularly the changing topographic reality this
sign encompassed.
II) Then the distribution area of the ‘Elamite’ language speakers will be examined,
through an evaluation of the onomastic features (above all anthroponomy)
available in the cuneiform texts.
Finally, hypotheses about Susa will be proposed, distinguishing three different
and independent spheres of data: the material assemblage (archaeology),
records of political control and indications of linguistic / cultural identity.

The paper is an attempt to decipher the name of the brother of Mieszko I and place name where  battle with german duke Hodon took place in 972, mentioned in Thietmar of Merseburg’s chronicle. They are only known from a single MLat. inscription as Cidebur, and from its Latinized form as Cidini . In an author’s view they should be delatinized as Siecebor and Sitno (Sitna). Based on a substition and transcription analysis, the author formulates a hypothesis concerning the location and progress of the battle.

Errori, strafalcioni, sfondoni, spropositi, granchi, cantonate, sfarfalloni, castronerie, papere e simili su Toro e sulla toponomastica torese. Oltre a Giambattista Masciotta, ne sono autori storici o dilettanti come Luigi Alberto Trotta, Renato Lalli, Nicoletta Pietravalle, Emilio Spensieri, Diomede Ciaccia, Rita Frattolillo di Zinno, Simonetta Tassinari, burocrati e cartografi anonimi, Amministrazione Comunale di Toro 2016. Antonio  Fratangelo

The article deals with the representations of „Muscovy“ and „Alba Russia“ on the 16th century maps and developments of these Renaissance choronyms in the 17 - 18th centuries, and „Muscovite“ toponymy on the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Crown. The Muscovy and populating her Muscovites emerged on the maps ca. 1500-1540s as cartographic symbols on the understudied lands, which were not considered as political unit until the mid-16th century, and later were also limited in their domineering status in these lands by special cartographic means.

The toponymy of Țara Hațegului. An historical-geographical approach. The study aims to analyse the toponymy of Țara Hațegului using the historical-geographical point of view. After considering the works elaborated by linguists, historians and geographers, the article concentrates on the establishing of relevant toponymical categories in order to highlight the particularities of the space. Each and every category is analysed with the help of GIS and some cartographical representations. The spatial distribution and the regional importance of the place names, together with their particularities are being explained thereafter. An emphasis is put on the most numerous toponyms, like the ones which describe the surrounding environment of the village or the anthroponyms. The place names modified by the authorities and the toponyms for which no explanation is known are also discussed. Finally, the paper explains the importance of the toponymy in researching the geographies of the past and as a heritage asset.

Los topónimos compuestos con núcleo verbal presentan rasgos propios debido a su extremada economía alusiva. Vienen a configurar un abreviadísimo relato, bien sea como constatación descriptiva o como advertencia. Intensamente dependientes del contexto, se insertan en la cultura local y pueden reflejar paremias y modismos. Su interés es grande, pues ensanchan el muestrario de la composición romance, ofreciendo variantes desconocidas para los lexicógrafos. En estas líneas se rastrea la huella de tales topónimos en la provincia de Zamora, acudiendo a diversas fuentes escritas y cartográficas.

Verbal compound place names display peculiar features owing to their radical linguistic economy. They operate as an abridged narrative, either describing physical data, or advising about risks and potentials. Intensely context-dependent, they are immersed in the cultural fabric of their surroundings, and may echo proverbs and locutions. As a result, they are atractive to the lexicographer, because they expand the inventory of verbal composition, providing uncharted variants. In this text, an intensive survey is carried out in the province of Zamora, drawing on various written and cartographic sources.

PALABRAS-CLAVE: composición verbal, toponimia de Zamora, cultura campesina, paremiología, fraseología.
KEYWORDS: verbal composition, toponymy of Zamora (Spain), rural culture, paremiology, phraseology.

Spending four months in the Parish of Killoran, Sligo County, close to the village of Coolaney, I’ve discovered a complex microcosm where the landscape is not only the background but also the main character of History, together with the people who inhabit it. The story of the landscape is rich not just of historical facts but also of myths and beliefs. 
The manual labor job and the involvement  in several events gave me the possibility to immerse myself in the local context  and provided me a reading key of reality based on  experience. Thanks to people's friendliness I've explored the area and through their stories I've expanded my vision of the past and the present of the examined place. 
At the base of my research there is a part of theory of landscape anthropology; authors like Eugenio Turri, Franco Lai, Tim Ingold and many others have elevated the landscape above the mere background, assigning to it an individual life inseparable from our existence. All of this appeared distinctly in front of me in the course of my fieldwork research. 
Various themes are weaved together: the effect of the Celtic Tiger on people, the importance of toponyms, the English colonization, the landscape transformation, the productive businesses, the rural tourism, the Irish folklore, the storytelling practice  and the use of folklore in the contemporaneity.

In this study we will mostly focus on the coastal defence developed from Sintra during the Islamic occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, certainly intensified after the Viking attack of 844. However, special attention will be given to the Colares River to try to understand if it has ever operated as a port to the Muslim population of Sintra before its siltation.

Keywords: Sintra – Vikings – Coastal defence – Port of Colares

CERCEMAGGIORE (CB), RE  BOVE E ALTRE SCOPERTE...
Sintesi di un lungo  studio  interamente  dedicato al complesso di S. Maria a monte (o del  monte) di Cercemaggiore (CB), con molto materiale storico, archivistico ed epigrafico prima inedito; un lavoro frutto di oltre tre anni di assidua ricerca, confronti e studio su questa chiesa molisana, sorta sul primo insediamento del villaggio longobardo che ha dato origine all'odierno abitato di Cercemaggiore, ricostruito poco più a valle, dopo la conquista normanna della Capitanata. Fra le molte novità segnalo anche la scoperta del più antico testo molisano che riferisce sulla leggenda di Re Bove, datato al 1652. Finora la più antica trascrizione  nota agli studiosi era infatti quella pubblicata dal parroco del vicino centro di Ferrazzano (CB), pubblicata nel 1699!  - ArcheoMolise, n. 22, anno VII, Maggio-Agosto 2015. -

Resumen: La comparación de la toponimia tradicional recogida en el mapa Puertomingalvo-La Peñagolosa Aragonesa con la rotulación de los mapas correspondientes del IGN ha permitido identificar 'malas prácticas' onomásticas en parte de los rótulos de la cartografía oficial de los siglos XX y XXI. La sistematización de estas 'malas prácticas' permite que puedan ser conocidas, interpretadas y confirmadas (o, en su caso, invalidadas) por otros investigadores, y ofrece un posible esquema de referencia aplicable a otros estudios toponímicos.
The main contributions of the Puertomingalvo-La Peñagolosa Aragonesa map to cartography and onomastics: identification of the 'bad practices' in the labelling of the National Topographic Maps (MTN 592 and 569)
Abstract. A comparison of the traditional place names that appear on the Puertomingalvo-La Peñagolosa Aragonesa map with the toponyms of the corresponding IGN maps exposes 'bad' onomastic practices in part of the labels of the official cartography of the 20 th and 21 st centuries. A systematic study of these bad practices facilitates their verification, interpretation and confirmation (or invalidation) by other researchers and offers a possible framework that can be applied to other toponymic studies. Keywords: cartographic toponymy, 'bad' onomastic practices, map labelling, MTN/ IGN, official Spanish cartography of the 20 th and 21 st centuries

Expressing the types and appearances of physical geography’s natural elements geographical terms are key indicators in determining the meanings of toponymy (especially their type and appearance properties). Compilation of this kind of terms, which are not used in daily speaking and standard language, and determination of their meanings is necessary for both toponymy and lexicology studies. On one hand these studies serve us to determine the ability of Turkish in defining physical geography; on the other hand they contribute to unfold the secrets of toponymy. This study is on local geographical terms in Karaburun microtoponymy and it includes 32 geographical terms, which are not known in standard language or known with a low level awareness by showing their toponymies. The meanings of these terms are determined in accordance with the information gained by locality.
Keywords: Karaburun district, local geographical terms, microtoponymy, indicator, lexicology

Toponimi atau nama-nama geografis atau di Indonesia dikenal pula dengan nama-nama rupabumi merupakan salah satu unsur dalam peta dasar sesuai yang tertuang dalam Pasal 12 huruf d Undang-undang No.4 Tahun 2011 mengenai Informasi Geospasial (UU IG). Lahirnya UU IG membuka peluang dan tantangan bagi percepatan penyusunan gasetir nasional guna mendukung tata pemerintahan dan pembangunan ekonomi. Hal ini sejalan dengan amanat Peraturan Presiden Nomor 112 Tahun 2006 tentang Tim Nasional Pembakuan Nama Rupabumi. Basisdata nama rupabumi yang dibentuk sebagai bahan gasetir nasional diolah dengan memanfaatkan model builder. Metode pembentukan basisdata nama rupabumi mengalami perubahan seiring perkembangan teknologi geospasial dalam hal ini perangkat lunak SIG (sistem informasi geografis). Salah satunya ialah keberadaan model builder di dalam perangkat lunak ArcGIS. Model builder disusun untuk mempermudah proses pekerjaan penyusunan dan pembentukan basisdata nama rupabumi. Informasi yang dibu...

The article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of hydronyms of the Don region. The origin of the names of large rivers (more than 100 km long) of the Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod and Voronezh regions is considered. The names of the rivers have an etymology related to such concepts as the river, the channel, the flow, the flow. On the basis of a wide range of studied hydronims, patterns have been identified that allow their origin to be attributed to the Baltic language environment. At the same time, the area of the Baltic hydronymy turned out to be wider than the researchers had hitherto assumed.

Very few people know that a possibility of reconstructing protolanguages or protoforms was probably first suggested as early as in the 16th century by Miechowita while discussing the origin of the name of Hungarians and that of Yugra. Miechowita’s “Treatise on the Two Sarmatias” was once an extremely important source of knowledge of the geography and history of East Europe. Although much was written on its significance in correcting more or less unlikely information concerning these subjects his linguistic material was actually ignored. The aim of this study is to examine what was known about East European languages in the early sixteenth century.

Bu kitapta, ülke olarak beş yüz yılı aşkın süredir kültürel, siyasî ve iktisadî temas-larda bulunduğumuz Rusya'nın etnik yapısı göz önünde tutularak Rus kişi ve yer adla-rının tarihî ve millî-kültürel unsurları dilbilimsel açıdan incelenmiştir. Kuramsal çerçe-ve kapsamında Rus kişiadbilim ve yeradbilim alanlarında ortaya çıkan ekollere; adbi-limsel sınıflandırma türlerine, adbilim incelemelerinde kullanılan yöntemlere; N. A. Baskakov, A. M. Selişçev, V. D. Bondaletov, A. V. Superanskaya, Ye. M. Pospelov ve V. A. Nikonov gibi temsilcilere ve bu bilim insanlarının geliştirdikleri kuramsal ve uygula-malı çalışmalara ilişkin detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Uygulama aşamasında Hristiyanlık öncesi ve sonrası dönem, Çarlık ve Sovyetler Birliği dönemi gibi farklı zaman aralıkla-rında kullanılagelen Rus kişi adlarıyla birlikte Sovyet dönemi şehir, köy, cadde ve sokak adları etimolojik, istatistiksel, yapısal ve tarihsel-karşılaştırmalı yöntemlerle analiz edilmiş, Rus kişiadbilim ve yeradbilim alanlarına ilişkin terminoloji ve sözlük lis-telerine yer verilmiş, Sovyet ideolojisini yansıtan kişi ve yer adları derlenerek incelen-miştir. Türk ve Rus halklarının siyasi ve kültürel etkileşiminin bir sonucu olarak, Rus söz varlığında yer alan ve özellikle Altın Orda döneminden miras kalan Türk dillerinden ödünçleme sözcükler, Türk kökenli Rus soyadları ve Türk kökenli yerleşim adları hak-kında veriler sunulmuştur. Ayrıca siyasî rejimin kişi ve yer adlarına etkisini göstermek açısından Çarlık Rusyası ve Sovyetler Birliği'ndeki dil politikaları araştırılmış, iktidarın dil planlaması üzerinden güttüğü Ruslaştırma siyaseti ele alınmış, bu durumun Rusya Federasyonu'nda yaşayan Türk soylu halklar başta olmak üzere, diğer halklar üzerin-deki yansımalarına değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın adbilim araştırmacılarının yanı sıra tarih ve Türkoloji alanlarıyla ilgilenen araştırmacıların da yararlanabileceği bir kaynak olmasını ve ülkemize katkı sağlamasını ümit ediyoruz.

We do not have much information about Idil Bulgarians that we have seen in the Middle Taurus Mountains since the beginning of the Tenth century. The answer to the questions of which tribes came to this region (to the Taurus Mountains) and where they settled under Bulgarian name depends on onomastic, more specifically toponymy and ethnonym studies. The name of today's Tırnak village, which was named as “Dırnaklu” in Ottoman cadastral record book ssince the 16th century, is related to the “Tırnaklı” tribe, which still maintains its identity in the northeast of Bashkortostan. Apart from Tırnaklı, the toponyms such as Tol, Anay, Bolyaran, Ayalanı, Kazanlı, Bulgarı, etc. also reveal the ethnic relationship between the Idil-Ural Bulgarians and the Middle Taurus Mountains. Based on the information obtained, it is possible to state that the first toponymic layer in the Middle Taurus Mountains was formed by Idil-Bulgarians.

U ovome se radu obrađuje 935 toponima na području Trebinjske šume i Površi, područja jugozapadno od Trebinja. Bogatu je toponomastičku građu toga područja prikupio i 1903. objavio srpski etnolog Obren Đurić-Kozić, no tek se ovim radom ona toponomastički razrađuje. Navedeno se područje nalazi unutar prostora Trebinjsko-mrkanske biskupije i Eparhije zahumsko-hercegovačke i primorske, odnosno na razmeđu zapadnoga i istočnoga kršćanstva. Navedeni je pogranični položaj uvjetovao obilne i česte smjene stanovništva te promjene u njegovu vjerskome sastavu. U prvome se dijelu rada obrađuju mjesni ojkonimi, a središnji se dio rada odnosi na motivacijsku razredbu toponima. Obrađeno je područje osobito bogato odrazima različitih hidronimijskih naziva u toponimiji (npr. Kalac, Lokužina, Pištet, Puč, Reva, Rovanj, Rveč, Taleža, Uskoplje, Vrulja). Unutar skupine kulturnopovijesnih toponima ističe se toponim Veles-do, koji bi mogao biti prežitkom pretkršćanskih slavenskih vjerovanja. Iz toponima antroponimijskoga postanja razabiru se imena mjesnih srednjovjekovnih rodova te migracije iz Trebinjske šume i Površi prema zapadnijim dijelovima Hercegovine i južnodalmatinskim otocima. U mjesnoj se toponimiji ujedno nahode romanski, turski i albanski jezični tragovi, a dijalektološki su relevantni mogući povijesni (Bobuisch) i suvremeni (Ržišća) šćakavski tragovi te leksički (npr. dubrava i osao) prežitci.

Dobrogean toponymy carries the traces of the history of this teritory. Thus, we find doublets of village names, we have the old name, usually of Turkish-Tatar origin, from the Ottoman Empire period, and besides this one, we also find the official name of the locality. The richness of Dobrogean toponymy delights us and explains the cohabitation of so many ethnic minorities in this space blessed by God. The Turks and Tatars, as old inhabitans of this province, gave the initial names, which were also taken over by the Aromanians, settled here at the beginning of the 20 th century.