Historical toponomy

The paper provides a survey of the settlement names used in the municipality of Kiili, Harju county. As a regional study it is intended to become a brick in the foundation for more general studies covering the whole language area. The material for the study comes from the place name archives of the Institute of the Estonian Language. Besides the list of Kiili settlement names the study contains an analysis of the date and origin of the names, as well as their parallel names and structure. The names have been dated using some sources from 1241–1875. The analysis revealed that since the mid-19th century the proportion of anthroponymic names has considerably dropped and that of non-anthroponymic ones has increased while especially many recent farm names derive from the names of natural objects. One might assume that the steep drop in the number of anthroponymic farm names is due to liberation from serfdom; removal of peasants from estate property while keeping lands and buildings, created a need for naming the farms that earlier used to be called by the names of their owners, resp. families. Recent farm names often originated in natural names, secondary names, master’s surnames, or, more rarely, first names. Twenty per cent of farms had parallel names, whereas of the settlements only twelve per cent had parallel names. By structure the settlement names studied were classified into simple names and compound names. The simple names included abstracted names, names with a locative or collective suffix, and term names. The compound names were classified by the number of components, as well as by parts of speech. The study also deals with irregular shortening, group transition, folk etymology, adaptation, and a few dialectal features in Kiili settlement names.

L' "Archivio dei nomi di luogo del territorio di Carbonate" (2015, 96 pp e una carta a colori 34x48cm) è uno studio completo nato da ricerche d'archivio e interviste sul campo che raccoglie 190 toponimi in italiano e milanese, relative al nucleo storico e al territorio agricolo e boschivo del Comune comasco, contestualizzandoli geograficamente e storicamente e con tentativi di descrizione etimologica.
Un'opera resasi necessaria per la salvaguardia del patrimonio immateriale di una Comunità. Il volume è in distribuzione presso il Comune di Carbonate.

Raffaele Petra (Napoli 1798-1873), marchese di Caccavone (oggi Poggio Sannita) e duca di Vastogirardi, tenne il primato tra gli epigrammisti e assurse a grande notorietà a Napoli nell'Ottocento. Ma beneficiò di fama equivoca. I bacchettoni dell'epoca, disprezzando arguzia, spontaneità, freschezza delle immagini, finezza, elasticità  e doppi sensi del dialetto, bollarono per pornografici i suoi versi. dai quali, invece, traspare una visione seria della vita. Con la trovata scoppiettante, è chiaro l'intento di mettere alla berlina vizi, comportamenti e persone spregevoli, magari dalla società riverite.

Het verband tussen een abdij-/ klooster-stichting en de geweld-dadige geschiedenis. Ten voor-beeld oud-Teylingen ; en over de naam Teylingen [:] haar naams-oorsprong (en betekenis). © 2018 by ARV Tegelaar , Oegstgeest [ (voorlopige) versie 1.1
Een vraag die niet vaak gesteld wordt is [:]  waarom  een  abdij (of een klooster) specifiek op die-en-die plek werd opgericht. ¿ Is er een historise verklaring voor ?
Daar-naast  staat  de  verklaring  van  de  naam  Teylingen  ( Teilingen / Teijlingen )  centraal .

We apply a customised approximate matching method to toponymic text data in order to isolate single place-name forms. Current place-names are matched to current and historical variants in standard and non-standard spelling. Such one-to-one mappings are preferred to text snippets with context, e. g. in the case of geo-referencing historical documents. The presented method yields an error rate of about 2%, which can be reduced manually and with reasonable effort to approximately 1%.

FRANCO-SÁNCHEZ, Francisco: «La toponimia árabe de los espacios viales y los espacios defensivos en la península Ibérica». In: Carvalho, C., Planelles Iváñez, M., Sandakova, E., (éds.). De la langue à l'expression: Le parcours de l'expérience discursive. Hommage à Marina Aragón Cobo. Alicante: Universidad de Alicante, 2017, pp. 167-190. ISBN: 978-84-16724-43-7  |
The Arab toponymy of the road spaces and the defensive spaces in the Iberian peninsula |
Recopilación de étimos de origen árabe relacionados con las diversas realidades de los caminos y de las fortalezas en Al-Andalus, así como enunciación de los topónimos que han dado origen |  Compilation of Arab-origin etymon related to the various realities of the roads and fortifications in Al-Andalus, as well as enunciation of the place names they generated |

Esta nota tiene dos objetivos: refutar ciertos aspectos de la argumentación alrededor de la cual el lingüista Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino construye su hipótesis etimológica acerca de Cuzco –el nombre de la capital del Tahuantinsuyo–; y proponer, a partir de la discusión anterior, una nueva hipótesis que concuerda mejor con la naturaleza descriptiva de la toponimia andina y con información recogida por cronistas.

Edicioni i dytë i këtij libri ka për qëllim të rivështrojë dhe pasurojë disa elemente që në botimin e parë  nuk mundëm t’i përfshijmë për shkaqe objektive, gjithsesi pa e prekur tërësinë  dhe njësinë e tij. Janë vështruar dhe rivështruar disa oikonime dhe mikrotoponime dhe në pjesën e pasqyrës së shkurtër të vendbanimeve të Karshiakës janë shtuar të dhëna statistikore për regjistrimin e popullsisë sipas përkatësisë nacionale prej vitit 1948- 2002. 
  Kjo vepër me korpusin mikrotoponimik kujtoj se do të jetë një kontribut  zhvillimit të onomastikës dhe toponimisë shqiptare në përgjithësi dhe asaj  shqiptare në Maqedoni. Me këtë vepër u jepet studiuesve të fushave të ndryshme gjuhësore e veçanërisht atyre të fushës së onomastikës edhe një mjet pune me të dhëna shumë të rëndësishme, një lëndë me vlerë të posaçme. Kjo lëndë onomastike e përfshirë në këtë punim do t’u shërbejë studiuesve të rinj në zhvillimin e kësaj fushe filologjike, si edhe në zbërthimin e shumë çështjeve të cilat për momentin kërkojnë ndriçime shencore. Gjithashtu vepra do të nxisë shumë studiues të filologjisë të përzgjedhin këtë fushë dhe të ndriçojnë atë që shkenca sllave e quan si të veten, personale dhe sqarimin e shumë emërtimeve nga mosdija e gjuhës shqipe e shpjegojnë me elemente sllave. Kjo fushë e filologjisë kërkon një angazhim më serioz nga studiuesit e ardhshëm, nga gjeneratat e reja. Onomastika shqiptare në Maqedoni është në zanafillën e saj, andaj edhe kërkesa për një afirmim më të madh të saj.
Pjesën më të madhe të  materialit mikrotoponimik e kam bërë vetë. Ndihmesë të veçantë më dhanë në këtë drejtim arsimtarët e gjuhës shqipe dhe informatorët e  këtij rajoni. Falënderim të veçantë i shpreh arsimtarit të gjuhës shqipe Sabit Vejselit, i cili  bashkë me mua vinte prej fshati në fshat në këtë rajon. Nga informatorët gati se të gjithë shprehën dëshirë që t’i regjistroj emrat e  tyre në këtë libër.
Për ndihmë shkencore falënderoj Prof.dr. Haki Imerin dhe Prof.dr. Çlirim Bidollarin, si edhe shumë kolegë që kontribuan në formësimin e këtij punimi me vlerë të veçantë nga sfera e onomastikës.
AUTORI

The paper proposes a new etymology for the toponyms Englaro (Paluzza), Nenglar, Denglar and similar in Carnia (Northeast Italy) and the surname Englaro.  /  Nell'articolo si propone una nuova etimologia dei vari toponimi Englaro (Paluzza), Nenglar, Denglar e simili in Carnia (Friuli VG) e del cognome Englaro.

The Northern sertões (hinterlands) – which involved, during Brazilian colonial era, the internalized areas of Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco and its attached provinces (Ceará Grande, Rio Grande, Paraíba and Alagoas), Bahia and Sergipe del Rei provinces -  have usually been analyzed as empty and inert spaces in socioeconomics and urban terms. On the opposite way, this paper seeks to show sertões formed by territories properly urbanized in according to the Portuguese Crown policies or by means of complex social relations formulated between local residents and King´s officers over territory. It puts light over mutual connection of manuscript and cartographical documentation in order to interpret the settlement and urbanization narratives of those interior areas.

Os sertões das capitanias do Norte – que envolveram em alguma medida as áreas interiorizadas das capitanias do Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco e suas anexas (Ceará Grande, Rio Grande, Paraíba e comarca das Alagoas), Bahia e Sergipe del Rei - têm sido usualmente interpretados como espaços vazios e inertes em termos socioeconômicos e urbanos. Na contramão dessa premissa, este artigo pretende expor sertões formados por territórios devidamente urbanizados segundo as políticas da Coroa portuguesa ou por meio de relações sociais formuladas entre os moradores e os representantes do rei no território. Põe-se luz no entrecruzamento da documentação manuscrita e cartográfica a fim de analisar as narrativas de ocupação e da urbanização desses espaços interiores.

Esta dissertação investiga as alterações ortográficas nos topônimos brasileiros Bahia, Jaú (Jahu), referente à manutenção ou retirada do <h> medial intervocálico; as “Mogis” paulistas, sendo elas: Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi Mirim, Mogi Guaçu, em especial o tema das alternâncias gráficas entre os grafemas <j> e <g>, e, por fim, a fluminense Paraty, e a grafia em <i> ou <y>. As mudanças toponímicas pesquisadas ocorrem principalmente após o Acordo Ortográfico de 1931, com desdobramentos em uma exceção estabelecida pelo Formulário Ortográfico nº 42 de 12 de agosto de 1943, referente à manutenção da letra <h> no topônimo Bahia. Os percursos das tentativas de retomada dos nomes geográficos administrativos das localidades citadas serão discutidos nesta dissertação. Para conhecer o início das controvérsias envolvendo as escolhas gráficas, foi realizada uma pesquisa histórica dos grafemas em textos metaortográficos do século XVI até o XX, as reflexões dos ortógrafos e gramáticos portugueses, brasileiros sobre língua portuguesa e línguas indígenas. O estudo ainda pesquisou a intervenção do Estado na ortografia e os aspectos políticos e científicos que movimentaram as discussões de uniformização linguística do português e como se construiu a memória gráfica como tradição e identidade social nos resgates de topônimos históricos brasileiros. Aborda-se, ainda, quais são as legislações brasileiras atuais sobre alteração ortográfica em topônimos nacionais.

Past studies on Singapore toponymy have mainly focused on etymological aspects of individual street names as distinct units, overlooking the relevance of naming practices across different languages. Singapore odonymy is still a largely unexplored field. An investigation into naming strategies in Singapore street names can provide deeper insights not only into the field of Historical Toponomastics, but also shed light on both the history of Toponymy in the local context and among different ethnic groups "en masse". This paper explores trends in naming practices in Singapore odonyms belonging to three different languages, namely English, Malay, and Chinese. A randomized sampling of 50 street names from each language was collected and analyzed according to specific naming strategies, highlighting the following categories: descriptive, commemorative, thematic, and borrowing. Results show tendencies towards naming strategies of commemoration and borrowing for English-derived odonyms, descriptive for Malay street names, and a strong preference for commemorative naming for the Chinese-derived ones. Further examination of the odonyms suggests a combination of social, political, and historical-geographical factors underlying these multi-faceted naming processes. This paper aims at being a starting point for a series of studies on the almost unexplored field of Singapore Toponymy, developed through an approach that considers the social and sociolinguistic perspectives besides the conventional historical and etymological methods.

Estudi dels masos i del paisatge agrari del veïnat de Panedes (Llagostera) a partir de 24 declaracions de pagesos del lloc, en les quals figuren 304 peces i conjunts de peces de terra, bosc i d'altres l'any 1319. El senyor directe és l'abat del monestir de Sant Feliu de Guíxols.
Comentari sobre "La capbrevació de Pere Bofill, 1319", amb la transcripció del document.
Comentari sobre "El món rural medieval a través d'un capbreu"

Despite Zambia, like many other nations, being described in gendered terms as “Motherland”, in reality the names of public places such as streets, neighbourhoods, townships, properties and others reflect a “Fatherland”. In addition, the names still project a colonial heritage, overshadowing local heritage. Nearly 45 % per cent of neighbourhoods in Lusaka bear English names, and slightly more than a quarter of these place names come from names of Europeans who settled on the respective lands in the colonial period. Moreover, as in other sub-Saharan African cities, ambiguity or non-existence of formal naming systems directly impacts on the ability of residents to benefit from basic services such as postal and related courier services, access to certain banking services, and access to technology such as GPS, mobile telecommunications; others are ambulance response and other location-based services and business opportunities that require exact identification of address, property or location. A study in selected African cities revealed that some residents attached having a unique address to higher social status. UNGEGN identified the absence of street naming in some sub-Saharan African cities as a contributing factor to the lack of personal identity.
The exercise of naming and renaming streets, townships and other public places is an essential function in management of land use. It is linked to developments such as township establishment and subdivision. Naming/renaming and/or numbering public places helps to identify properties in the provision of various municipal services, ranging from development to emergency services. The Lusaka City Council does not have policy on naming/renaming public places/properties, especially in highly populated settlements. There is therefore need for a standard system for naming public places in Lusaka District.

Si tratta della sintesi di una ricerca più ampia, condotta sulle ricorrenze del nome «Ceneda» (e varianti) nelle fonti antiche, a partire dai primi esempi del VI sec. d.C., e riporta pertanto anche alcuni riferimenti originali, in latino e greco, pe consentire - a chi volesse - di avere un approccio con i testi originali, ma anche per sottolineare come la storia della città non ebbe, fin dall'inizio, soltanto rilevanza di carattere locale.

Very few people know that a possibility of reconstructing protolanguages or protoforms was probably first suggested as early as in the 16th century by Miechowita while discussing the origin of the name of Hungarians and that of Yugra. Miechowita’s “Treatise on the Two Sarmatias” was once an extremely important source of knowledge of the geography and history of East Europe. Although much was written on its significance in correcting more or less unlikely information concerning these subjects his linguistic material was actually ignored. The aim of this study is to examine what was known about East European languages in the early sixteenth century.

Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such data is essential especially on those cases when written sources do not mention these areas or certain periods. The Csík-basin (Eastern Carpathians) appears in  documents first only in the 14th century but even after the documents are very rare. Therefore the archaeological and written data is essential during the reconstruction attempts of the history of the early medieval (10-14th century) history of the area.
The paper presents the classical approach of the literature regarding the place names of Csík. So far a very late ,13-14th century inhabitation was proposed by earlier scholars.  Based on archaeological data, that surely proves a earlier settlement system (11-12th century) the paper suggests that a new methodological perspective is necessary for the interpretation of the place names. If the new data is accepted (typologically “early” place names documented not in contemporary but later documents) the contradiction between the archaeological data and toponimy can be resolved. Surely the two methods (archaeology, toponimy) may not influence each other, but the results have to be concluded in a acceptable way, and in the author’s opinion a independent analysis of the separate data has the same result: the first settlements can be dated both archaeologically and  also by the place names to the middle of the Árpádian-age (11-12th century).

We do not have much information about Idil Bulgarians that we have seen in the Middle Taurus Mountains since the beginning of the Tenth century. The answer to the questions of which tribes came to this region (to the Taurus Mountains) and where they settled under Bulgarian name depends on onomastic, more specifically toponymy and ethnonym studies. The name of today's Tırnak village, which was named as “Dırnaklu” in Ottoman cadastral record book ssince the 16th century, is related to the “Tırnaklı” tribe, which still maintains its identity in the northeast of Bashkortostan. Apart from Tırnaklı, the toponyms such as Tol, Anay, Bolyaran, Ayalanı, Kazanlı, Bulgarı, etc. also reveal the ethnic relationship between the Idil-Ural Bulgarians and the Middle Taurus Mountains. Based on the information obtained, it is possible to state that the first toponymic layer in the Middle Taurus Mountains was formed by Idil-Bulgarians.

The fact that the etymology of toponyms is often confirmed by geographic data is fundamentally important as it demonstrates that the etymology can be proved not only from the linguistic viewpoint. The etymologies given in the article and supported by the peculiarities of lithogenous basis and landscape confirm that in the region under investigation, i.e. the Southeastern vicinity of the Lake Onega, the Vepsian and Karelian languages were spoken, along with a certain Finno-Ugric language of Saami type. We also believe that the substrate toponyms of the region contain germanic loanwords. We suggest the reconstruction of a Vepsian geographic term *kolteg ‘slope’. In addition, we explain the emergence of Karelian-type toponyms in the Southwestern Lake Onega region and the Kola Peninsula (as represented in the village of Varzuga). The historical and modern toponyms of the Northwestern part of European Russia and the countries of Northern Europe were used for comparative purposes.

Обнаружение географических подтверждений топонимических этимологий имеет принципиально важное значение, поскольку позволяет признать этимологию доказанной не только на языковом уровне. Приводимые этимологии, подкрепляемые особенностями литогенной основы и рельефа, подтверждают былое использование в изучаемом регионе (Юго-Восточном Обонежье) вепсского и карельского языков, а также финно-угорского языка саамского типа. Выявлено, что субстратные топонимы региона содержат германизмы. Реконструирован вепсский географический термин *kolteg ‘склон, косогор’. Объяснено появление топонимов карельского типа в Юго-Западном Обонежье и на Кольском полуострове (на примере с. Варзуга). В качестве сравнительного материала привлекались исторические и современные топонимы Северо-Запада Европейской части России и стран Северной Европы.

En el presente trabajo y tras una somera introducción, pretendemos ofrecer un catálogo en el que se analicen los nombres de las diferentes poblaciones de la antigua Hispania en las que se pudo plasmar la propaganda augustea, seguido de dos breves apartados donde se comenten ciertos aspectos asociados al fenómeno y el problema de su fallida perduración en el tiempo.

El presente artículo pretende abordar la cuestión de la interpretación del nombre de Badajoz a través de la clave aportada por Matías Ramón Martínez a comienzos del siglo XX: su valoración como el posible derivado del antropónimo de un propietario agrícola hispanorromano. Para ello se hará especial hincapié en la teoría manifestada por el citado autor, ahondándose en el análisis crítico de sus fundamentos y sus posibilidades de asociación efectiva con el topónimo.

This article focuses on compiling all those place names linked to Hispanic population centres where it has been tracked the presence of possible allusions related to Augustan propaganda, especially through his family name, Iulia, or the epithet adopted in his personal onomastics, Augustus. In parallel, the circumstances to which they are associated will be analysed throughout.

FRANCO SÁNCHEZ, Francisco. “La economía de las rábitas”. In: Francisco Franco Sánchez, (ed.), Míkel de Epalza (dir.). La rábita en el islam. estudios interdisciplinares. Sant Carles de la Ràpita: Ajuntament de Sant Carles de la Ràpita / Universitat d'Alacant, 2004. ISBN 84-609-3080-7, pp. 59-79 |
Download: http://hdl.handle.net/10045/32336

Toponymy can make important contribution to classical, medieval and industrial archaeology: the town of Tivoli (the ancient Tibur) is an example of this contribution, because many street and sites have preserved their ancient names, such as the district called "Inversata", whose name derives from the Roman amphitheatre. in the Middle Ages, both amphitheatres and, in some cases, theatres were called "Perilasio" (in Northern and Central Italy) or "Verlascio" (in Southern Italy), a name of Lombard origin that, according to many scholars, means "a place where bears fought". With regard to industrial archaeology, at Tivoli we can find an example of "Regresso" (back shunt), as at Fiesole, near Florence, and Naples.