Tourism Sustainability

The aims of this study are the determination of the tourism factors af ecting sustainability and analysis comparison determining of factors methods. The study used a qualitative approach to determine the tourism factors according to tourism in Laem Phak Bia, Phetchaburi province. It surveyed and reviewed the information in documents. After that, it determined the factors and criteria based on environmental science and considered specialist opinions as proof. As a result, we determined seven tourism factors based on environmental science as follows: Tourism Sources (TS), Tourist Attraction (TA), Risk (RK), Facilities (FT), Services (SV), Pollution Management (PM) and Helpfulness (HN). The author compared the methods that identify tourism factors af ecting sustainability, including the described advantages and disadvantages of the methods that could be verified and not verified. After the analysis and comparison, the key factors that determine tourism factors were identified as follows. 1) The methods for identifying factors should determine the context and principle of the area. 2) Tourism factors could be assessed according to expert opinions. 3) Tourism factors lead to the collection of data and can be applied for all tourism types. Thus, this study has indicated that factors that lead to sustainability and contribute to the perspectives of tourists can ensure that the tourism factors contribute to sustainability.

Link: https://www.cambridgescholars.com/botswana-cultural-heritage-and-sustainable-tourism-development
The book considered cultural heritage and the sustainable development of tourism from an African perspective, with Botswana as the main context and point of reference. As an African context, Botswana is renowned for its abundance of cultural heritages and tourism. The book reconciles the growing demand to commodify cultural heritages, the quest for cultural heritage preservation and management, and the focus on sustainable tourism development in Botswana.

The book gives tourists, tourism students and academicians, as well as tourism entrepreneurs, policymakers, and practitioners a basis on which to make decisions and to appreciate the diver cultural heritage resources of Botswana.

Get your copy today. See the link: https://www.cambridgescholars.com/botswana-cultural-heritage-and-sustainable-tourism-development

In this article, we propose a method for ranking tourist destinations and evaluating their performances under a sustainability perspective: a fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making method is applied for determining sustainability performance values and ranking destinations accordingly. We select a set of sustainability evaluation criteria and use a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to weight the selected criteria. We also optimize each evaluator’s membership function support by means of a fuzzy entropy maximization criteria. A case study is illustrated and results are compared with two data envelopment analysis–based models. The simplicity of the proposed approach along with the easy readability of the results allow its direct applicability for all involved stakeholders.

Έχοντας ως δεδομένο πως ο Ν. Σερρών τμηματοποιείται σε εφτά (7) δήμους μπορούμε εύκολα να προσδιορίσουμε τα όρια που μπορούν να αναπτυχθούν ενδεικτικές μορφές εναλλακτικού τουρισμού. Το υψηλότερο κέρδος θα είναι ανάλογο με τη χιλιομετρική απόσταση για την εδρεύουσα επιχείρηση και την στρατηγική που η επιχείρηση αυτή μπορεί να αναπτύξει για να προσελκύσει επισκέπτες από όλο τον κόσμο. Η δέσμευση του κόστους μπορεί να δημιουργήσει μια υγιή ανταγωνιστικότητα μεταξύ των επιχειρήσεων δίχως όμως να δεσμεύει τις δραστηριότητες των σε κάθε σημείο εναλλακτικού τουρισμού. Στην τελευταία πρόταση μπορεί να προστεθεί η κρίση του επισκέπτη και οι παροχές που αναζητά σχετικά με τη μονάδα διαμονής του.

In May 2012 Wales opened a footpath around the entire length of its coastline, the first continuous waymarked path to follow a nation’s maritime perimeter. In its first year the 870 mile (1400 km) All Wales Coast Path (AWCP) attracted 2.8 million visitors, stimulated £32 million of additional expenditure and created 715 ‘person years’ of employment. The project is set to bring long-lasting recreational, tourism and economic development opportunities to peripheral areas. The AWCP has been a tremendous success and is one of the most dynamic coastal recreational developments in Europe; it has captured imaginations around the world and in 2012 Lonely Planet guidebooks chose Coastal Wales as top of its Best in Travel world destinations because of the coastpath.

This chapter outlines the development of the AWCP project and how it stands as an exemplar of good practice for successful collaboration between public, private and voluntary sector organisations. A major theme of the chapter is the way the route has provided ‘added-value’ to the existing tourism ‘offering’ in coastal Wales and renewed impetus for small businesses. It also outlines the unique brand that is the AWCP and how this is utilised to assist marketing and business identity along the route. Further discussion demonstrates how the AWCP has encouraged overall public access to the countryside and facilitated associated activities such as the staging of recreational events and improved social participation like volunteering. The AWCP is a landmark project of great pride to the people of this small nation and a significant addition to the store of national ‘cultural capital’. The chapter shows how, aside from their other benefits, walking routes can be important in enhancing national identity and destination image.

La Regione Calabria, la Città Metropolitana di Reggio Calabria e l’Area grecanica, riuniti in un Consorzio, non possono lasciarsi sfuggire l’imperdibile occasione di dare vita alla prima operazione concretamente fattibile di un più vasto ed irrimandabile piano strutturale di “Restauro dei paesaggi naturali e storici calabresi”.Il restauro e la valorizzazione del paesaggio e del patrimonio culturale dell’Area Grecanica forniscono, a mio parere, una imperdibile occasione per iniziare a riaffermare che è la Politica che deve guidare il mondo, il mercato, l’economia e non, come hanno cercato di farci credere finora, il contrario.

Islands can serve as model systems for understanding how biological invasions affect native species. Here we examine the negative effects of mesopredator mammals on bird richness at Anchieta Island, an 826 ha offshore island in the coast of Brazil. Anchieta Island has the highest density of mammals of the entire Atlantic forest, especially nest predators such as marmosets and coatis, introduced more than 20 years ago. This indiscriminate introduction of mammals may have affected directly the bird community, nowadays represented by 100 species comprised mainly by water-crossing birds, being 73 forest-dwelling species. A small component of these remnant bird species nests in tree holes and on the forest floor, null model analysis suggest that birds within these two nest types are under-represented on Anchieta Island. All guilds were affected negatively, but "opportunist insectivorous/omnivorous". Experiments using artificial nests showed a predation of 73% of nests on the floor while only 26% on the mainland. Camera traps recorded predation by coatis, agoutis, and opossums. The restoration of the bird community on this island is highly constrained by the high density of hyper abundant nest predators.

Inspiration, aspirations, attitudes, and perception of threats play a pivotal role in the way that individuals associate themselves with natural environments. These sentiments affect how people connect to natural places, including their behaviours, perceived responsibility, and the management interventions they support. World Heritage Areas hold an important place in the lives of people who visit, aspire to visit, or derive a sense of security and wellbeing from their existence. Yet, the connection between people and special places is rarely quantified and policymakers find it difficult to incorporate these human dimensions into decision-making processes. Here we describe the personal concern and connection that Australians have with the Great Barrier Reef and discuss how the results may help with its management. We utilise a statistically representative sample of Australian residents (n= 2,002) and show empirically that climate change is perceived to be the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef, and that the Great Barrier Reef inspires Australians, promotes pride, and instills a sense of individual identity and collective responsibility to protect it. An increased understanding of the high levels of personal connection to iconic natural resources may help managers to enhance public support for protecting climate-sensitive systems within Australia and around the world.

Sustentabilidade como dever fundamental do cidadão: breve análise prática a partir da economia colaborativa.

Para mim, um dos deveres fundamentais do cidadão é estabelecer um consumo sustentável. Assim, após alguns anos de (muita) tentativa e erro, a partir do conceito de fraternidade de Chiara Lubich, trago a público alguns depoimentos e reflexões sobre o assunto.

Dentro da economia colaborativa, transcendendo os lideres de mercado, sou fã de alguns sites/aplicações, entre eles:

- CS - couchsurfing.com (menina dos olhos, hospitalidade solidaria/colaborativa, na verdade simboliza a sustentabilidade, solidariedade, fraternidade, etc)

- Enjoei - enjoei.com.br (cantinho de compras muito descolado, não sinto falta nenhuma de vendedores [PS.: quem precisa deles hoje em dia?], negocio diretamente com o proprietário, que não paga taxas absurdas, sempre com descontos extras, frete "grátis", etc)

- Fleety - fleety.com.br (alugar o seu veiculo de maneira simples, com seguro, durante o periodo que o mesmo estaria parado, Excelente!!)

- Blablacar.com.br (caronas colaborativas, com seguro, pagamento online, etc)

Para recomendações e indicações de produtos em geral, utilizo muito os foruns e grupos nas redes sociais, como o Hardmob, Adrenaline, HTForum, Pedal, etc.

Estudo publicado no livro "Lex Turistica Duriensis - Nova Governança" editado pela Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Lamego (Vol. 1, pp. 257-268) | ISBN: 978-989-97258-3-6

Abstract
O texto aqui proposto resulta de um estudo sobre a análise da cooperação estratégica entre os sectores público e privado para o desenvolvimento turístico local; as parcerias público-privadas no sector do turismo, mais concretamente em territórios de cariz rural e de baixa densidade populacional. A problemática da pesquisa tem como objectivo a avaliação do acordo de parceria celebrado no concelho de Terras de Bouro, NUT III Cávado, Portugal, entre a Câmara Municipal e a associação empresarial Gerês Viver Turismo.
A revisão bibliográfica, permitindo a aquisição de informação teórica sobre a temática, com abordagens ao desenvolvimento turístico e ao turismo de base comunitária, estabelece o enquadramento nas parcerias público-privadas, analisando-se ainda questões importantes como a participação, capacitação e governança. Em resultado da reflexão teórica, a investigação empírica recorre a uma metodologia onde a escolha do método de estudo recai sobre o qualitativo, já que este se direcciona mais para o contexto social que aqui transparece.
Da investigação e análise obteve-se uma ampla visão sobre a parceria público-privada alvo de estudo, nomeadamente informação sobre a sua génese e funcionamento; que resultados se obtiveram até ao momento; como esta se relaciona com o desenvolvimento local. Resulta da investigação a certeza de que as parcerias, nomeadamente aquelas que são levadas a efeito em territórios de cariz rural, identificando-se factores positivos mas também constrangimentos, são capazes de unir dois sectores diferenciados, público e privado, colocando-os a caminhar em direcção ao desenvolvimento da comunidade através da aposta no turismo e na sustentabilidade do mesmo por via da definição de uma estratégia conjunta e do compromisso em conseguir a sua concretização.

Palavras-chave: Turismo, Parcerias, Comunidade Local, Desenvolvimento, Sustentabilidade

The purpose of this research was to analyze and define, using relevant examples of realized architectural and urban planning solutions, the urban and architectural planning methods that would result in sustainable or energy efficient architecture in tourism.
The dissertation presents a detailed research of the specific areas of sustainable construction and energy efficient architecture. Scientific contribution is vast in the collection and systematization of tourist facilities in the context of sustainability and energy conservation, and in determining their impact on the local community and the environment in order to achieve energy efficient and sustainable architecture in the Republic of Croatia.

Food and wine events have gained popularity internationally. Their importance in local economic development has grown, especially in Europe, as they are seen as a source of income for local economic systems, a way for creating new job positions and effective tools for promoting and increasing typical product awareness and demand.

This book for the first time illustrates the positive and negative impacts of food and wine events from a stakeholder perspective by highlighting several critical aspects such as: (1) advantages and disadvantages of food and wine events; (2) best practice adoption for maximising benefits flowing from event creation; (3) community involvement and knowledge diffusion; (4) effectiveness in promoting local products and creating consumer awareness about products; (5) factors that promote or inhibit the success or achievements of wine and food events. Although the volume primarily focuses on events in Europe, comparisons are made to other regions in the world. Case studies are integrated throughout to illustrate the system of economic and social impacts linked to food and wine events, as well as best practices to achieve effective event management and maximize expected results.

Written by leading academics, this timely and important volume will be valuable reading for all students, researchers and academics interested in Events, Tourism, Hospitality, Gastronomy and Development Studies.

El texto analiza las razones que llevaron a la plataforma de ONGD Foro de Turismo Responsable (FTR) a crear un área de investigación. Se explica también las principales líneas de trabajo de esta área (el turismo como sector de la cooperación al desarrollo, los mecanismos de internacionalización del capital turístico, los impactos del turismo en el mundo rural-campesino, y la equidad de género), su orientación (Turismo Crítico), los paradigmas desde los que trabaja (la Soberanía Alimentaria y la Justicia Ambiental) y su objetivo (facilitar el trabajo de incidencia política del FTR). Finalmente se presentan sus principales publicaciones.

The objective of the research project is to design a tool for the constant evaluation of corporate reputation through the use of monitors. To this day, corporate image audits have been carried out for the detection of each company's peculiarities and of certain aspects which may affect its reputation; however, the use of monitors tends to standardize the analysis by imposing a scale of checked variables this analysis is focused on. The main purpose of this research will be to carry out a study of those monitors measuring corporate reputation with the aim of determining the ideal monitor model for corporate reputation that can be applied in different lending organizations of goods and services in the tourism sector scenario. In each one of the different monitors, we will analyze: reputation variables; relationship between hard and soft variables; type of informants; existence of a double evaluation. The final aim after the analysis of these aspects will be a proposal of Monitor Model covering: an index of primary variables; a wide set of secondary variables; balance between hard and soft variables; a double evaluation; a contrast mechanism of merits; evaluation carried out by experts; periodical evaluation of external agents

Although rhetoric and city life have been closely aligned since ancient times, urban planning documents have received little attention as rhetorical texts that can influence public discourse about citizenship. This paper, co-authored by a historian and a rhetorician, analyzes the Plan of Chicago, one of the most important urban planning documents in the United States, as a rhetorical text that, in its argument for certain city improvements, constitutes an ideal civic identity by functioning as a representative anecdote. One of Burke’s key concepts, a representative anecdote refers to texts or experiences that symbolize an entity or phenomenon that is beyond the scope of an individual to experience in its entirety. For example, Burke uses the example of constitutions as representative anecdotes of nations.
Chicago at the turn of the century was a city of diverse populations, discrete neighborhoods, and unchecked industrial growth. The different groups residing in Chicago shared many of the same desires for a more organized, less congested, cleaner city. However, on some aspects of city changes, their interests diverged, particularly with regards to housing, individual property rights, and municipal authority. The Plan of Chicago was able to overcome the dissenting voices and garner public support by offering an idealized vision of Chicago—a representative anecdote of Chicago and its citizens. Thus the Plan persuaded audiences who identified with this vision of Chicago, even though the Plan did not, for some, articulate city changes that would be in their best interests. The analysis reveals the ways in which the Plan enacts a representative anecdote in its historical context. Also, it illustrates how the identification elicited by the anecdote overcame incommensurable positions. Finally, it discusses how the Plan served as justification for future projects that it did not include. As a representative anecdote, it was invoked, much like constitutions are, by various parties for special interests. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of urban planning documents as rhetorical texts and extends the study of representative anecdotes.

This contribution examines the comparative value of sport mega events (SMEs) such as the 2010 FIFA World Cup of soccer held in South Africa and recurring sporting events (SPEs) such as the Comrades Marathon held each year in KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. Through an examination of case studies of the World Cup and regional SPEs in South Africa, with particular focus on Durban and surrounding areas of KwaZulu-Natal, we seek to expand debate on the efficacy of various sporting events on tourism and local and regional economic development strategies. We present a detailed literature review of the role of these events to economic development and impacts on tourism and legacy planning then examine extant data produced around the 2010 World Cup (realising that we only have a partial picture to date) and compare that to SPEs held regularly in the region.
Our aim is to generate intelligent debate around the role of sports and tourism in economic development strategies and suggest that alternative focus will yield more sustainable and predictable returns that locate benefits in host communities.

"The impact of ICT on tourism and hospitality industries has been widely recognised as one of
the major changes in the last decade: new ways of communicating with prospective tourists
and of purchasing products became part of these industries’ everyday lives. Little attention
has been paid to the role played by new media in education in these fields. This research
investigates the role of new media in education in these areas, harvesting and categorising
online courses according to sub-domains in order to provide a clear overview of the field.
Results provide a first picture of eLearning in tourism.

Keywords: e-learning; tourism; hospitality; training; online courses

Globalisation through tourism development poses opportunities and threats to local social-ecological systems and runs parallel to the emergence of a global regulatory framework for nature conservation, World Heritage Listing (WHL) being one of its elements. This paper seeks to identify the influence of WHL to the governance for sustainability of small oceanic island destinations listed as natural World Heritage by UNESCO. Through qualitative research, two case studies were contrasted regarding their local governance structures, how these are influenced by WHL, how tourism is planned and managed and how these conditions reflect in the management of tourism development impacts to the resilience of local social-ecological systems. Data gathered on Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil) and Lord Howe Island (Australia) were analysed through Grounded Theory. Preliminary results illustrate how divergent understandings of WHL by different countries result in different local governance structures, leading to different levels of tourism dependency and food/water security.

The chapters in this book address the most important established and emerging qualitative and quantitative research methods in tourism. Each chapter is structured to provide information on: the nature of the technique and its evolution; background and types of problems that the technique is designed to handle; applications of the technique to tourism, including discussion of studies that have used the technique and their findings; advantages and limitations of technique conceptually and for policy formulation; and further developments and applications of the technique in tourism research. The chapters are constructed in a way that they provide a detailed overview of the different techniques irrespective of their tourism applications. The volume will appeal to social scientists in general as well as researchers in tourism.

Risk assessment has proven a useful tool in managing potential hazards in business and industry. Environmental hazards however, have proven to be less tractable to quantitative assessment. Here we discuss the application of risk assessments in the context of marine biological invasions and provide a summary of the progress to date in the Australian context. Risk assessment for marine biological invasions is being applied to aid in the management of ballast water using a target species approach assessed in discrete elements of the ballast water cycle (uptake, transit survival, and discharge). Risk assessments for marine bioinvasions provide another tool to aid managers in controlling and reducing the rate of current invasions. In contrast to a blanket ban on ballast water imports (i.e. mandatory ballast water exchange at sea), a risk-assessed approach can provide a mechanism to better understand the invasion problem and determine better operating procedures, high-risk routes or system failures (e.g. false reporting of ballast exchange, incomplete or inadequate exchange). Similarly, risk assessment can aid in the process of management strategy evaluation to determine what components of the invasion process are more susceptible to control, or more apt to fail under specific management regimes.