Hazardous waste management

Toxic (hazardous) waste is a waste which make it dangerous or
potentially harmful to human health or the environment. because of
its quantity, concentration, physical, chemical or infectious
characteristics.
 These wastes can’t be handled, stored, transported and disposed
without special precautions.
Toxic wastes can be liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges.

TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
NUCLEAR WASTE
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
ELECTRONIC WASTE
CHEMICAL WASTE

ELECTRONIC WASTE
CHEMICAL WASTE NUCLEAR WASTE
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

Hazardous waste classification
Ignitibility
Corrosivity
Reactivity
Toxicity

Hazardous waste management strategy
 waste minimization
 detoxification & neutralization of liquid hazardous waste
streams by physical, chemical & biological treatment.
 destruction of combustible hazardous wastes in high
temperature incinerators.
 stabilization/solidification of sludge's & ashes came from
above two steps.
 Disposal of treated residues in specially designed landfills.

Waste minimization:
 source correction and equipment modification.
 by recycling the wastes, valuable materials, energy & other use full
resources contaminated in the hazardous waste can be recovered &
subsequently reused as a raw material.

 Toxic waste is resulted from industrial, commercial, mining, and
agricultural operations, and from community activities.
 As the economic cause, small businesses such as metal finishers, gas
stations, auto repair shops, dry cleaners, and photo developers
produce many toxic waste products.
 Some hazardous waste generators are larger companies like chemical
manufacturers, eletroplating companies, and oil refineries.

Radioactive wastes are wastes that contain radioactive material. Radioactive wastes are
usually by-products of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear
fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine. Radioactive waste is hazardous to
most forms of life and the environment, and is regulated by government agencies in order to
protect human health and the environment.
Sources of radioactivity in the environment:
 natural source
 man-made source
Natural source of radioactivity:
i. Cosmic rays
ii. Radio active rocks and minerals contained in the body of the earth, or present in the
environment.
iii. Radionuclides present with in the bodies of the organisms.
Potassium-40(K-40), Tritium(H-3), carbon-14, radium polonium (especially present in bones),
radon (especially present in lungs).

Classification Based on the
concentration of wastes
i. High level wastes(HLW)
ii. Intermediate level wastes(ILW)
iii. Low level wastes(LLW)
Classification based on the source of
nuclear wastes
i. The nuclear mines
ii. The nuclear power plants
iii. The nuclear research reactors.
Man-made source

E-Wastes:
Electronic wastes, popularly known as E-Wastes, can be defined as electronic and electrical
equipment or products, which have become obsolete due to
i. Changes in fashion, style and status.
ii. Nearing the end of their useful life.

Component E-Wastes produced from Health effects
Lead Mechanically breaking of cathode ray
tubes(CRT’S)
Kidney problems and it effects
mental development in children
Chromium Used to protect metal housings &
plates in a computer from corrosion
Damage on liver & kidneys
including asthmatic bronchisties
and lunge cancer
Beryllium Found in switch boards & printed
circuit boards
Lunge diseases
Mercury Found in switch boards & printed
circuit boards
Damages in brain & kidney
Cadmium Crushing and milling of plastic, CRT &
circuit boards
Effects on kidney & softening of
bones etc…..
Plastics Circuit boards, cabinets, cables &
burning of PVC a component of
plastic
It is effected on reproductive &
immunity system
Acids H2SO4 & HCl will be used for separate
metals from circuit boards
Fumes contain Cl2& SO2 causes
respiratory problems, eye & skin
problems

Hazardous waste treatment methods:
 Physical treatment method:
in this method component separations & solidifications.
 chemical treatment method:
complete breakdown of hazardous waste into non-toxic form

Hazardous waste treatment methods
Output Control ("command and control" technology)
1. Deep-well Injection
2. Surface Impoundments
3. Landfills
4. Recycling
5. Incineration
6. Biodegradation

Input Control (Pollution Prevention)
1. Elimination of Use
2. Increased Efficiency
3. Closed Loops

Fig. The concept is that toxic wastes may be drained into dry, porous strata below ground, where
they may reside harmlessly "forever“. However, as the figure shows, failures can occur and allow
the liquid wastes to contaminate groundwater.
1. Deep-well Injection

(a) Autoclaving
6. Biodegradation
(b) microwaving

Hazardous waste management

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