Michael Neubert
European Institute of Management - EIM, Business, Faculty Member
Research Interests: German and Internship
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The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore the internationalization processes, patterns, and behaviours of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine using the Biotechnology international new ventures (BioTech INVs) model as a... more
The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore the internationalization processes, patterns, and behaviours of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine using the Biotechnology international new ventures (BioTech INVs) model as a conceptual framework. The sample consists of eight BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine, which is approved in at least one foreign market besides the home market in March 2021. The findings suggest that the sample firms are able to identify and to scale international market opportunities early and fast using different market entry modes, networks, and access to capital with governments, civil society, and within their own industry. The findings of our study contribute to the research about BioTech INVs and the speed of internationalization. We call for further qualitative research including interviews with subject-matter experts to better understand the internationalization behaviour of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine.
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The purpose of this research is to explore the internationalization behavior of BioTech firms producing a COVID 19 vaccine using the Born Global internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research methodology that has been... more
The purpose of this research is to explore the internationalization behavior of BioTech firms producing a COVID 19 vaccine using the Born Global internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research methodology that has been considered in this study is a qualitative, multiple-case study to gain valuable insight about the internationalization behavior of BioTech firms producing a COVID 19 vaccine, and how and why these BioTech firms internationalize. Secondary data was collected via various websites, the BioTech firms’ official websites, through corporate documents, press releases, published articles, journals, and annual reports. The data analysis disclosed four themes to answer the research questions. The findings from the qualitative analysis, suggest that BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine use the combination of multiple market entry modes and expansion strategies to internationalize. The first limitation of this research is the sample size used in the multiple-case study. Secondly, although most of the information was from the websites of the firms in this paper, other sources were also used and that could raise the issue of quality and trustworthiness. There is a call for further research to explore the internationalization process, behaviour, and patterns of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine using different methodologies, sample size, the industry, and firms from other continents to close the gap.
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Background: Most Bank holding companies (BHCs) sustains significant losses and increased risk exposure which caused them to become insolvent. BHCs that become insolvent have a negative impact on the U.S. economy. There is a lack of... more
Background: Most Bank holding companies (BHCs) sustains significant losses and increased risk exposure which caused them to become insolvent. BHCs that become insolvent have a negative impact on the U.S. economy. There is a lack of effective practice towards capital regulation that causes BHC to incur significant losses.<br><br>Methodology: This integrative literature review focused on studying current research findings on efficient capital regulation practices in relation to governance, risk management, internal control, assurance and compliance in BHCs. A wide range of search terms was used to extract and select pertinent peer-reviewed literature from numerous search engines and databases, with emphasis on studies published within the past 5 years.<br><br>Findings: This integrative literature review provides in-depth knowledge of capital regulation, governance, risk management, internal control, assurance and compliance practices in BHCs. An effective practice towards capital regulation may help senior bank managers reduce risky behaviors and investments that causes significant bank losses. <br><br>Originality: This integrative literature review can be used by future researchers as foundational material to extend theoretical foundations and the results of related studies. It has helped to highlight Compliance and Ethics Group's standard' concepts and inform recommendation for future research that identifies effective practices towards capital regulation in BHCs.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions, views, and opinions of chief technology officers (CTO) of software development firms (SDF) about how and why machine learning (ML) methodologies might be used to support... more
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions, views, and opinions of chief technology officers (CTO) of software development firms (SDF) about how and why machine learning (ML) methodologies might be used to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative research was conducted. The research design is a multiple case study with six semi-structured, in depth interviews with CTOs of SDFs and corporate documents about ML applications from the case study firms as sources of evidence. Findings: The results of this multiple case study suggest the following four findings: 1) The usage of ML to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions has the potential to improve quality and efficiency, 2) data availability is a key factor of ML to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions, 3) &quot;easy to use&quot; and &quot;easy to interpret&quot; machine learning supervised methods are the most suitable to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions, and 4) existing ML development methodologies can be applied to support market evaluation and selection decisions. These findings have a limited generalizability due to the research methodology and are valid only for these case study firms. Research/practical implications: The results of this study might be relevant for researchers who are interested in a further digitalization of decision-making processes. The results might also be relevant for practitioners to better understand the use of ML methodologies in complex and financially important decision-making processes like the evaluation and selection of foreign markets. Originality/value: This work integrated fundamental theories of internationalization based on the works of Johanson and Vahlne in the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model with the concepts and methodologies of machine learning, whose relationship is yet not covered by the academic discourse.
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The purpose of this study is to explore how online travel booking firms using multi-sided platform (MSP) business models select their market entry forms using the affecting factors of foreign market entry as a conceptual framework. The... more
The purpose of this study is to explore how online travel booking firms using multi-sided platform (MSP) business models select their market entry forms using the affecting factors of foreign market entry as a conceptual framework. The utilization of a multiple-case study is employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis and to investigate the patterns and behaviors exhibited among the various cases. Data from five online travel booking companies using MSP business models, including company portfolios, business plans, company websites, and online archives, were gathered and analyzed to ensure cross-validation and triangulation. Through examination of the data from the study, five themes could be identified to answer the research question. The findings suggest that online travel booking firms using MSP business models: 1) Gain access to foreign markets primarily through the utilization of export modes. 2) Employ hierarchical modes for the first internationalization. 3) Use intermediate modes whenever local regulations necessitate their implementation. 4) Adopt hierarchical modes when the target country holds the top position as the most preferred destination from the home market or when the home country ranks as the number one choice for visitors from the target market. The findings of this study will contribute to the expansion of the knowledge of online travel booking firms using MSP business models. Furthermore, it will also provide practical resources to founders, executives, and entrepreneurs to understand how companies with MSP business models select their market entry forms in the online travel booking sector.
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Within the construction industry's global landscape, innovative technologies for construction project management are continually emerging, yet the rate of failed projects within the Nigerian construction sector due to poor... more
Within the construction industry's global landscape, innovative technologies for construction project management are continually emerging, yet the rate of failed projects within the Nigerian construction sector due to poor coordination of construction tasks is on the rise. An unanswered question in the literature remains as to why construction project managers in Nigeria remain slow to adopt new technologies for improving decision-making processes and project success rates. This narrative literature review, being an extract of a broader qualitative single case study with embedded units on the perceptions of construction project managers in Nigeria regarding their barriers to technology adoption framed by two conceptual models: Usman and Said’s model of factors contributing to information and communication technology adoption in Nigerian construction firms and Waziri, Mustapha, and Idris’ model of factors influencing IT adoption in Nigerian construction organizations. This literature review supports future research on this subject and also evidenced, theoretically the concepts of technology awareness (TA) and technology adoption readiness (TAR) while addressing the technology adoption gap among the construction project managers in Nigeria to lower construction project failure rate and industry and opening new opportunities for improved project delivery in the Nigerian national economy.<br><br>
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Purpose: This paper aims to explore knowledge sharing in virtual teams between individuals with varied cultural perspectives working in different time zones. Design/methodology/approach: Narrative inquiry design was used to collect... more
Purpose: This paper aims to explore knowledge sharing in virtual teams between individuals with varied cultural perspectives working in different time zones. Design/methodology/approach: Narrative inquiry design was used to collect in-depth, experiential data from 8 participants working as virtual team managers in the United States. A thematic and critical events approach was used to analyze participant experiences. Findings: The findings of this research demonstrate the exceptionally complex and dynamic environment in virtual workspaces. Results suggest that challenges and barriers relating to knowledge sharing can be diminished by fostering positive relationship development, utilizing various types of technology platforms, and open communication among virtual team members. Research limitations/implications: The results highlight the necessity of relationship development to facilitate meaningful knowledge sharing in virtual workspaces. This study also suggests that appropriate use of technology platforms is essential in the knowledge exchange process. Practical implications: Findings in this study provide managerial implications that support creating and maintaining organizational climates that embrace and value diversity, member knowledge, expertise, and alternate perspectives. Originality/value: This paper reports the findings of an empirical narrative inquiry study conducted through the lens of reciprocal and social exchange and contributes to a deeper understanding of organizational relationships in diverse virtual teams.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the post-pandemic internationalization behavior of Paraguayan firms using a comparative multiple-case study design as research methodology. Data was collected through qualitative, in-depth... more
The purpose of this study is to explore the post-pandemic internationalization behavior of Paraguayan firms using a comparative multiple-case study design as research methodology. Data was collected through qualitative, in-depth interviews with senior managers of Paraguayan case study firms and other sources of evidence in 2022. The findings of this study suggest that the post-pandemic internationalization behavior differs from the pre-pandemic behavior. The data reveals that Paraguayan firms seem to have digitized their internationalization processes to connect with customers and distributors, to increase the productivity of internationalization, to manage internationalization cost, and to develop online distribution and marketing channels to acquire international customers directly. The “working from home” trend allows them to recruit more experts from abroad and with their global exporter business model, they may flexibly respond to business opportunities and to a growing geopoli...
Research Interests: Business, International Business, Paraguay, Emerging Markets, International Management, and 11 moreInternational Business Management, Business and Management, International Entrepreneurship, International Market Entry Strategy, Developing Markets, Foreign Market Entry, Born Global, Market Entry Modes, Market Entry, Uppsala Model, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The purpose of this study is to explore the post-pandemic internationalization behavior of Paraguayan firms using a comparative multiple-case study design as research methodology. Data was collected through qualitative, in-depth... more
The purpose of this study is to explore the post-pandemic internationalization behavior of Paraguayan firms using a comparative multiple-case study design as research methodology. Data was collected through qualitative, in-depth interviews with senior managers of Paraguayan case study firms and other sources of evidence in 2022. The findings of this study suggest that the post-pandemic internationalization behavior differs from the pre-pandemic behavior. The data reveals that Paraguayan firms seem to have digitized their internationalization processes to connect with customers and distributors, to increase the productivity of internationalization, to manage internationalization cost, and to develop online distribution and marketing channels to acquire international customers directly. The "working from home" trend allows them to recruit more experts from abroad and with their global exporter business model, they may flexibly respond to business opportunities and to a growing geopolitical risk. The findings of this study have implications for practice and theory. Managers may use the results to improve their internationalization processes. Researchers may continue this research with quantitative research methods and in other countries to strengthen and verify the results.
Research Interests: International Business, Paraguay, Emerging Markets, International Management, International Business Management, and 9 moreInternational Entrepreneurship, International Market Entry Strategy, Developing Markets, Foreign Market Entry, Born Global, Market Entry Modes, Market Entry, Uppsala Model, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The purpose of this multiple-case study is to explore the perceptions of the founders of CleanTech firms about the internationalization behavior of these firms using the establishment chains of the Uppsala model (UIPM) as conceptual... more
The purpose of this multiple-case study is to explore the perceptions of the founders of CleanTech firms about the internationalization behavior of these firms using the establishment chains of the Uppsala model (UIPM) as conceptual framework. The research design is based on the purpose of this study. This study uses a multiple-case study research design to get a better understanding about the internationalization behavior of CleanTech firms. Data was collected through six interviews of subject-matter experts and corporate documents to allow for triangulation. Data analysis revealed four themes to answer the research question. The findings suggest that CleanTech firms seem to prefer an incremental internationalization process and show a prudent internationalization behavior: (1) German CleanTech firms prefer to penetrate their home market first before considering internationalization. (2) The CleanTech firms use export market entry forms to enter neighboring markets. (3) The management teams seem to have little experience and expertise in the development and execution of international strategies. The two limitations sample size and methodology limit the generalizability of the results. The results of this multiple-case study bestow major significance toward practice. Investors like government funds or business angels, need to understand when a CleanTech firm has the potential for internationalization. Founders need the respective knowledge, experience, and resources, as do coaches working at accelerators and incubators to support these CleanTech firms in the design and the execution of their international strategies. This study contributes to the international entrepreneurship literature by illustrating the internationalization behavior of German CleanTech firms.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the internationalization process, behavior, and patterns of ride-hailing firms through the use of the born global firms (BGFs) internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research... more
The purpose of this study is to explore the internationalization process, behavior, and patterns of ride-hailing firms through the use of the born global firms (BGFs) internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research method will be based on the purpose of the study. A multiple-case study is used to comprehensively analyze the phenomenon under investigation and explore the behavior and pattern between the case studies. Data was collected through documentation reviews such as a financial report, company portfolio, business plan, and previous research within the subject from seven ride-hailing firms to allow for triangulation. Data analysis of the study found seven themes to answer the research question. The finding suggests that ride-hailing firms: 1) Enter the home market as a pioneer, and the internationalization can be done as both pioneer, and follower. 2) Expand the market through the use of concentration or combination strategy. 3) Use wholly owned subsidiaries as their main entry form. 4) Ride hailing firms move from global standardization to local adaptation the longer they operate in a market. 5) Ride hailing firms prefer a born regional and born-again global internationalization model. The two limitations of this research are the research methodology and sampling strategy that limit the results' generalizability. The results will help to extend BGFs’ internationalization models and add, confirm, and provide new knowledge regarding the ride-hailing industry. They also provide resources for practice such as founders, managers, entrepreneurs, consultants, and coaches to understand how BGFs’ internationalization in the ride-hailing sector works.
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Background: Multicultural teams provide diverse skill sets, and members’ different experiences could through effective leadership be leveraged to improve organizational performance, especially in the agile organization. Effective... more
Background: Multicultural teams provide diverse skill sets, and members’ different experiences could through effective leadership be leveraged to improve organizational performance, especially in the agile organization. Effective multicultural team leadership can drive the goals of agile organizations and support their realization. The problem is organizational leaders have a critical knowledge gap on how the competencies and skills of managers can be utilized to improve the effectiveness of multicultural teams. Methodology: This integrative literature review focused on the study of current research findings on managers’ experiences in leading multicultural teams within agile organizations. This study is framed by two key concepts of agile leadership models and leadership emergence in multicultural teams. Findings: This integrative literature review provides in-depth knowledge to formulate new knowledge and recommendations for further research that can be applied to measure the leadership effectiveness of multicultural teams in agile organizations. Managers and leaders of multicultural teams need to have a high intercultural competence to successfully integrate employees with diverse cultural backgrounds in their teams and also to facilitate fruitful communication and knowledge sharing among them using agile management tools. Originality: This integrative literature review can be utilized by future researchers as foundational material in studies to extend theoretical foundations and to extend the results of prior related studies. It has helped to highlight managerial and theoretical implications and to inform recommendations for future research that could contribute to improving the leadership of multicultural teams and, thus, their performance within agile organizations.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the internationalization patterns of digital payment system firms through the use of the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model (UIPM) as a conceptual framework. The phenomenon is explored... more
The purpose of this study is to investigate the internationalization patterns of digital payment system firms through the use of the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model (UIPM) as a conceptual framework. The phenomenon is explored via a multiple-case analysis in order to understand the patterns among the different case studies. Data were collected through different sources: scientific papers, corporate websites, and reputable consulting companies’ reports websites. Data analysis found five themes to answer the research question. The results and the findings of the research suggest that: 1) digital payments system firms, when analyzed by the UIPM, express a fast internationalization process and they start to internationalize by low distance countries in cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic (CAGE) terms, 2) all those firms use a network (technical or business partnerships) to enter overseas, 3) technological and demographic elements are not suitable to understand t...
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This study investigates market entry choices of MSP business model firms in the event management and ticketing industry. In the contemporary digital era, with 4.95 billion internet users and e-commerce sales surpassing 5.7 trillion USD,... more
This study investigates market entry choices of MSP business model firms in the event management and ticketing industry. In the contemporary digital era, with 4.95 billion internet users and e-commerce sales surpassing 5.7 trillion USD, multi-sided platforms (MSPs) termed as 'Born Digitals', have become critical in the digital transformation through exploiting digitalization, network effects, and scalability. Nonetheless, discrepancies in MSPs' market entry choices have been noted. Employing a qualitative multiple-case study approach, the research analyzes five MSP business model firms in the event management and ticketing industry, highlighting the importance of interactive communication and network externalities in their internationalization, which is often expedited by direct engagement, automation, and flexibility. The study uncovers five central themes in internationalization strategies which suggest that MSP business model firms in the event management and ticketing industry prefer to use high control market entry forms to be able to adapt their networking strategies and match-making algorithms to local consumer preferences. By cross analyzing these findings with existing literature, this study establishes that the observed market entry choices of the case study firms in this sample confirm existing research results. The research thus bridges the gap between theory and practice, suggesting further insights for understanding MSPs' market entry choices. Future research may explore market entry selection strategies employed by MSP firms of other sectors of the hospitality and tourism industry to better understand if the identified themes of this study can be replicated.
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This paper explores the perceptions of using artificial intelligence (AI) for strategic marketing decision-making processes. The qualitative research study uses a multiple case approach method. Data is collected through subject matter... more
This paper explores the perceptions of using artificial intelligence (AI) for strategic marketing decision-making processes. The qualitative research study uses a multiple case approach method. Data is collected through subject matter experts (SME) interviews and use cases to identify the main themes on how humans are using AI to make better strategic marketing decisions. The data analysis identified four main themes: efficiency, quality, trust issues and limitations, and big data analysis for prediction. Further, it has been examined whether these themes can be found in the use cases related to marketing. With the data triangulation, the result of the research suggests that AI is well accepted as a tool to support the strategic decision-making process in marketing and may support humans by making strategic decisions. For instance, by identifying patterns through big data. However, although AI would be technically capable to do so, humans seemingly do not want to let AI make decisions completely autonomously without the possibility of a human's final judgment. The findings additionally suggest that AI is rather used to support the strategic decision-making process than make the decision itself. This implies that AI is less about replacing humans in practice but about enhancing the decision-making process. Further, the paper suggests that AI can support humans with making better decisions by also predicting future scenarios considering the effects of a potential decision.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of subject matter experts (SME) about the use of artificial intelligence for stock trading. AI is already used to analyze large and various amounts of data to support decision-making... more
The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of subject matter experts (SME) about the use of artificial intelligence for stock trading. AI is already used to analyze large and various amounts of data to support decision-making of future predictions for many organizations today. Looking ahead, AI has the potential to disrupt and be a game changer for the stock trading market. The theoretical foundation used will be the Efficient Market Hypothesis. This theory helps us conceptualize the market that AI is developed to predict. The research design was a multiple case study where we identify themes from the data collected from interviews of SME and case studies to gather a better understanding of this phenomena. The findings of this study revealed the following themes about the use of AI for stock trading 1) Efficiency, 2) Data processes, 3) Trust, 4) Other Limitations, and 5) Human Supportive. This concluded that AI is efficient and used as a supportive tool for stock trading. A limitation to this study lies in the sampling methodology. These results may be helpful to scholars by providing more insightful information regarding AI in stock trading and to practitioners by bridging the gap between theory and real-market applications.
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This paper explores the perceptions of using artificial intelligence (AI) for strategic marketing decision-making processes. The qualitative research study uses a multiple case approach method. Data is collected through subject matter... more
This paper explores the perceptions of using artificial intelligence (AI) for strategic marketing decision-making processes. The qualitative research study uses a multiple case approach method. Data is collected through subject matter experts (SME) interviews and use cases to identify the main themes on how humans are using AI to make better strategic marketing decisions. The data analysis identified four main themes: efficiency, quality, trust issues and limitations, and big data analysis for prediction. Further, it has been examined whether these themes can be found in the use cases related to marketing. With the data triangulation, the result of the research suggests that AI is well accepted as a tool to support the strategic decision-making process in marketing and may support humans by making strategic decisions. For instance, by identifying patterns through big data. However, although AI would be technically capable to do so, humans seemingly do not want to let AI make decisions completely autonomously without the possibility of a human's final judgment. The findings additionally suggest that AI is rather used to support the strategic decision-making process than make the decision itself. This implies that AI is less about replacing humans in practice but about enhancing the decision-making process. Further, the paper suggests that AI can support humans with making better decisions by also predicting future scenarios considering the effects of a potential decision.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of chief technology officers (CTO) of software development firms (SDF) about how and why machine learning (ML) methodologies might be used to support foreign market evaluation... more
The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of chief technology officers (CTO) of software development firms (SDF) about how and why machine learning (ML) methodologies might be used to support foreign market evaluation decisions. The research design is a qualitative multiple case study with six interviews with CTOs of SDFs and corporate documents about ML applications from the case study firms as sources of evidence. The results of this multiple case study suggest the following four findings: 1) The usage of ML to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions has the potential to improve quality and efficiency, 2) data availability is a key factor of ML to support foreign market evaluation decisions, 3) "easy to use" and "easy to interpret" ML supervised methods are the most suitable to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions, and 4) existing ML development methodologies can be applied to support market evaluation and selection decisions. These findings have a limited generalizability due to the research methodology and are valid only for these case study firms. The results of this study may be relevant for researchers who are interested in a further digitalization of decision-making processes. The results may also be relevant for practitioners to better understand the use of ML methodologies in complex important decision-making processes like the evaluation of foreign markets. This work integrated fundamental theories of internationalization (Uppsala Model) with the concepts and methodologies of machine learning, whose relationship is yet not covered by the academic discourse.
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The purpose of this multiple-case study is to explore the perceptions of the founders of CleanTech firms about the internationalization behavior of these firms using the establishment chains of the Uppsala model (UIPM) as conceptual... more
The purpose of this multiple-case study is to explore the perceptions of the founders of CleanTech firms about the internationalization behavior of these firms using the establishment chains of the Uppsala model (UIPM) as conceptual framework. The research design is based on the purpose of this study. This study uses a multiple-case study research design to get a better understanding about the internationalization behavior of CleanTech firms. Data was collected through six interviews of subject-matter experts and corporate documents to allow for triangulation. Data analysis revealed four themes to answer the research question. The findings suggest that CleanTech firms seem to prefer an incremental internationalization process and show a prudent internationalization behavior: (1) German CleanTech firms prefer to penetrate their home market first before considering internationalization. (2) The CleanTech firms use export market entry forms to enter neighboring markets. (3) The management teams seem to have little experience and expertise in the development and execution of international strategies. The two limitations sample size and methodology limit the generalizability of the results. The results of this multiple-case study bestow major significance toward practice. Investors like government funds or business angels, need to understand when a CleanTech firm has the potential for internationalization. Founders need the respective knowledge, experience, and resources, as do coaches working at accelerators and incubators to support these CleanTech firms in the design and the execution of their international strategies. This study contributes to the international entrepreneurship literature by illustrating the internationalization behavior of German CleanTech firms.
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The paper studies the internationalisation and differentiation strategies applied by global firms operating in the shared economy and the ride-hailing sector in particular. The study adopts a multiple case-study research design based on a... more
The paper studies the internationalisation and differentiation strategies applied by global firms operating in the shared economy and the ride-hailing sector in particular. The study adopts a multiple case-study research design based on a qualitative analysis of business strategies of seven leading global ride-hailing firms, selected on the basis of a purposive sampling method. The research concludes that the Global Born Firm and Uppsala models are valuable as theoretical frameworks to analyse the patterns in the internationalisation strategies and concludes that three of the global ride hailing firms follow the GBF model and four firms have strategies with direct similarities with the Uppsala model. The study concludes that the Generic Strategy model can be used to identify differentiation strategies of ride-hailing service firms. Four firms apply a hybrid strategy combining a cost focus with a differentiation in service quality and customer focus, whereas three other companies focus on differentiation by addressing the particular needs of the drivers and customers. All firms seek further differentiation in terms of innovation towards new platform-based services such as delivery, fintech and alternative transport services. The study results are directly relevant to smaller firms and newcomers from developing countries who want to compete and offer alternative options to the small number of global firms. It offers researchers a further insight in the value of internationalisation and differentiation theories in shared economy sectors such as ride-hailing services. Future academic research should focus on a sector-wide quantitative analysis of internationalisation and differentiation patterns to strengthen evidence-based application of business strategies to these services.
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Purpose: This study aims to examine the manner in which small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Paraguay choose to internationalize, by dissecting their internationalization process and comparing the process to the framework described... more
Purpose: This study aims to examine the manner in which small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Paraguay choose to internationalize, by dissecting their internationalization process and comparing the process to the framework described in the Uppsala internationalization process model (UIPM). The research follows a comparative multiple case-study approach, analyzing the internationalization of 62 Paraguayan companies. The chronology and the reasoning behind internationalization decisions are researched and compared to the UIPM to determine whether Paraguayan SMEs internationalize according to the UIPM. Design/methodology/approach: The research follows a multiple case-study design, based on interviews with 62 entrepreneurs and senior managers, and data collected from their Paraguayan SMEs about their internationalization behavior using a purposive sampling method. Data analysis happened to dissect the similarities and differences so as to create patterns and themes based on the UIPM. Findings: The suggested results can be summed up in three themes. (1) Paraguayan SMEs are using market research based, active market entry strategies. (2) Paraguayan SMEs develop new foreign markets according to the establishment chain of the Uppsala internationalization process model. (3) Paraguayan SMEs prefer export and hierarchical market entry forms. The generalizability of the results is limited to the SMEs due to the research methodology. Research/practical implications: The suggested results of this multiple case study have implications for theory and practice. Paraguayan SMEs could use the findings to optimize their own internationalization strategies, Paraguayan politicians and export promotion agencies to design more efficient trade policies, and researchers could test the findings with quantitative methods or an analysis of unsuccessful market entries. Originality/value: This paper adds new evidence about the internationalization behavior of SMEs in emerging economies and the UIPM.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions, views, and opinions of chief technology officers (CTO) of software development firms (SDF) about how and why machine learning (ML) methodologies might be used to support... more
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions, views, and opinions of chief technology officers (CTO) of software development firms (SDF) about how and why machine learning (ML) methodologies might be used to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative research was conducted. The research design is a multiple case study with six semi-structured, in depth interviews with CTOs of SDFs and corporate documents about ML applications from the case study firms as sources of evidence. Findings: The results of this multiple case study suggest the following four findings: 1) The usage of ML to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions has the potential to improve quality and efficiency, 2) data availability is a key factor of ML to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions, 3) "easy to use" and "easy to interpret" machine learning supervised methods are the most suitable to support foreign market evaluation and selection decisions, and 4) existing ML development methodologies can be applied to support market evaluation and selection decisions. These findings have a limited generalizability due to the research methodology and are valid only for these case study firms. Research/practical implications: The results of this study might be relevant for researchers who are interested in a further digitalization of decision-making processes. The results might also be relevant for practitioners to better understand the use of ML methodologies in complex and financially important decision-making processes like the evaluation and selection of foreign markets. Originality/value: This work integrated fundamental theories of internationalization based on the works of Johanson and Vahlne in the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model with the concepts and methodologies of machine learning, whose relationship is yet not covered by the academic discourse.
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The purpose of this multiple case study with the title "student-centered pricing innovations in business schools" is to explore the adoption of price-setting model innovations of business schools using a sample of 16 business schools in... more
The purpose of this multiple case study with the title "student-centered pricing innovations in business schools" is to explore the adoption of price-setting model innovations of business schools using a sample of 16 business schools in Barcelona, Spain and the extended theoretical framework about price-setting models (PSM) leading to the research question: What are the price-setting model innovations, business schools in Barcelona are adopting based on new technologies to increase their competitiveness and profitability? The findings of this study suggest that the trends of digitalization, student-centered thinking, and global business school networks are influencing PSM innovation besides the known factors finance (revenue and cost management) and business model. Our findings also recommend that there might be a trend towards tailor-made and individualized PSMs including financial aid and secondary services to meet student requirements and needs. Based on the limitations of this study, we would recommend further research about PSM innovations using quantitative research methodolog ies or mixed methods in Barcelona, Spain as well as in other countries and cities all over the world.
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Purpose: The purpose of this multiple-case study is to explore the perceptions of the founders and senior executive managers of CleanTech firms about the internationalization behavior of these firms using the establishment chains of the... more
Purpose: The purpose of this multiple-case study is to explore the perceptions of the founders and senior executive managers of CleanTech firms about the internationalization behavior of these firms using the establishment chains of the Uppsala internationalization process model (UIPM) as conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach: The research design is based on the purpose of this study. This study uses a multiple-case study research design to get a better understanding about the internationalization behavior of CleanTech firms. Data was collected through six video-telephonic, semi-structured interviews of subject-matter experts and corporate documents to allow for triangulation. Thematic analysis and a critical event analysis approach revealed four themes to answer the research question. Findings: The findings suggest that CleanTech firms seem to prefer an incremental internationalization process and show a prudent internationalization behavior: (1) German CleanTech firms prefer to penetrate their home market first before considering internationalization. (2) The CleanTech firms use export market entry forms to enter neighboring markets. (3) The management teams seem to have little experience and expertise in the development and execution of international strategies. The two main limitations sample size and methodology limit the generalizability of the results. Research/practical implications: The results of this multiple-case study bestow major significance toward practice. Investors like government funds, business angels, and venture capitalists need to understand when a CleanTech firm has the potential for internationalization. Founders and managers need the respective knowledge, experience, and resources, as do coaches working at accelerators and incubators to support these CleanTech firms in the design and the execution of their international strategies. Originality/value: This study contributes to the international entrepreneurship literature by illustrating the internationalization process and internationalization behavior of firms operating in the CleanTech industry.
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Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study research is to explore subject-matter experts' (SMEs) perceptions of how technology and framework conditions influence and impact the success of digital payment... more
Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study research is to explore subject-matter experts' (SMEs) perceptions of how technology and framework conditions influence and impact the success of digital payment business models in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this purpose, and to be consistent with the qualitative paradigm, a multiple case study methodology is used to collect data from multiple sources of evidence. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses an open-ended survey to collect data on SMEs perceptions. Data collection happened through semi-structured, qualitative, in-depth interviews with senior managers and entrepreneurs / owners in the financial technology sector. Data collection took place in Paris in November 2018. The interviews took between 32-46 minutes. The answers of the SMEs were imported, coded, and analyzed using NVivo for Mac. Findings: The findings suggest that growth of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa might be driven by network effects and incentives, and a reduction Gourville's endowment effect or status quo bias. The results of this study suggest that infrastructure might key to the success of digital payment services and supportive regulation might be necessary to allow for entrepreneurs to drive innovation and to protect their customers against fraud. Research/practical implications: The FinTech environment is changing rapidly and requires review of the changes within the ecosystem of financial technology innovations. This study will help FinTech innovators, academics, and policymakers to understand how technology and framework conditions impact payment business models in sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value: This paper builds on FinTech research and takes a more in-depth look at digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa using Gourville's (2006) theoretical framework on the psychology of new-product adoption. The added value of this study might be suggestions for quantitative research and recommendations for providers of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
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This paper aims at identifying and investigating how digital currency has had an impact on the Kenyan economy. It aims to further study how using bitcoin can reduce the cost of international funds transfers and reduce remittance fees... more
This paper aims at identifying and investigating how digital currency has had an impact on the Kenyan economy. It aims to further study how using bitcoin can reduce the cost of international funds transfers and reduce remittance fees subjected from other transfer providers. The framework is then employed, via a case study, to examine the use of bitcoin in Kenya using BitPesa as a platform and its affect reflecting on fostering growth on the economy. Findings suggest that there are concerns about Bitcoin's use including its price volatility and unregulated legal framework put in place on the use of digital currencies. The outcomes suggest that the use of BitPesa and bitcoin technology had some impact on users understanding and adopting to the use of this technology and how it works. The results prove that using BitPesa to transfer money has reduced the cost of transfer on users. The results support the outcome of the findings that using modern day technology can benefit society as a whole and attract outside investments into the country. Resulting in a generation that seeks to further create a future full of opportunities and possibilities to come.
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The paper aims to understand the impact of business intelligence on Paraguayan ICT firms' export performance. It adopted a multiple case-study research design using different sources of evidence, including 15 responses from subject-matter... more
The paper aims to understand the impact of business intelligence on Paraguayan ICT firms' export performance. It adopted a multiple case-study research design using different sources of evidence, including 15 responses from subject-matter experts (SMEs). They were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data collected in November 2017 were analyzed using grounded theory to develop patterns and categories, and to understand differences and consistencies. The revised Uppsala internationalization process model is used as a theoretical framework. This paper provides empirical insights on the impact of business intelligence on the export performance of ICT firms in Paraguay. Although only a few SMEs currently use business intelligence solutions to support international strategic decision-making processes, the majority indicate their intention to use them in expectation of positive impact on export performance and international competitiveness. The main factors for selecting a business intelligence solution are transparency of cost and benefits, an excellent client service and an attractive pricing model. The study results are relevant for all stakeholders, who support the impact of business intelligence systems on the export performance of Paraguayan ICT firms. Future scholarly work should include quantitative assessments of SME perceptions and quantitative data to provide greater clarification of the statistical significance of the variables of this study or to replicate it with other SMEs from different industries and countries. The paper fulfils an identified need and a call for research to study the use and impact of business intelligence on export performance and the competence to globalize Paraguayan ICT firms.
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This paper seeks to identify the critical factors determining the valuation of SaaS companies. This newly created business model renders many evaluation metrics inapplicable. This creates a unique sub-industry of such companies for... more
This paper seeks to identify the critical factors determining the valuation of SaaS companies. This newly created business model renders many evaluation metrics inapplicable. This creates a unique sub-industry of such companies for corporate valuation purposes. Salesforce.com is used as the focal company of evaluation, allowing use of and reference to actual data and prices. This paper aims to evaluate the accuracy and relevancy of specific valuation techniques and identify those best suited for a SaaS company. This study uses a single case study research design, allowing for a deeper level of analysis. This paper has found that standard valuation techniques were successfully able to evaluate a stock share price using quarterly financial data. The relative valuation efforts were unable to derive a price range for the company. The peer analysis showed the importance of key factors like growth or profitability or other lifecycle phase at the same time, which becomes evident in the calculated metrics. The calculations performed in this paper shed light on the level of disconnect within the SaaS business model and standard valuation techniques. Companies experiencing higher growth will not compare well with companies of greater profitability. This paper brings momentum toward defining an improved relative valuation metric that more robustly represents the value forecast of a SaaS company, provides technical support for the valuation of SaaS companies, and furthers the discussion of creating new valuation metrics for fast growth start-up firms.
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Purpose: The paper aims to understand the use and expected impact of business intelligence on Paraguayan ICT firms' export performance. This paper contributes to the literature to better understand the use, benefit, and impact of business... more
Purpose: The paper aims to understand the use and expected impact of business intelligence on Paraguayan ICT firms' export performance. This paper contributes to the literature to better understand the use, benefit, and impact of business intelligence on export performance. It proposes a modelling evaluation framework for the international market and outlines the importance of business intelligence in the whole process. The study includes broader aspects in addition to those found in the study of international management and business intelligence. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopted a multiple case-study research design using different sources of evidence, including 15 responses from subject-matter experts (SMEs). The subject-matter experts (SME) were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data collected in November and October 2017 were analyzed using grounded theory to develop patterns and categories, and to understand differences and consistencies. The revised Uppsala internationalization process model is used as a theoretical framework to analyze the use and impact of business intelligence on export performance and internationalization. Findings: This paper provides empirical insights on the impact of business intelligence in the sense of big data and predictive analytics on the export performance of ICT firms. Although only a few SMEs currently use business intelligence solutions in terms of big data and predictive analytics to support international strategic decision-making processes, the majority indicate their intention to use business intelligence solutions in expectation of positive impact on export performance and international competitiveness. The main factors for selecting a business intelligence solution are transparency of cost and benefits, an excellent client service and an attractive pricing model. Research/practical implications: The study results are relevant for policy makers, researchers, and international managers, who support the development, training, and application of business intelligence systems and its impact on the export performance and internationalization of Paraguayan ICT firms. Future scholarly work should include quantitative assessments of SME perceptions and quantitative data to provide greater clarification of the statistical significance of the variables of this study or to replicate it with other SMEs from different industries and countries. Originality/value: The paper fulfils an identified need and a call for research to study the use and impact of business intelligence on export performance and the competence to globalize Paraguayan ICT firms.
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Purpose: This paper aims to understand the impact of digitalization on international, lean, global start-ups' speeds (LGS). It closes a gap in the literature by defining better the benefits and the impact of digitalization on the speed of... more
Purpose: This paper aims to understand the impact of digitalization on international, lean, global start-ups' speeds (LGS). It closes a gap in the literature by defining better the benefits and the impact of digitalization on the speed of internationalization and models regarding the international market evaluation process. Furthermore, it outlines why and how digitalization is important throughout the internationalization process, and it expands the study of international management and business by including a broader and deeper range of digitalization aspects than is normally found in the international management and business literature. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper opted for a qualitative multiple case-study research design using different sources of evidence, including 51 responses from senior managers of lean, global, start-up firms. The case-study firms were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected in September and October 2017, and analyzed using grounded theory to develop categories and to understand consistencies and differences. The revised Uppsala internationalization process model was used as the theoretical framework to analyze the impact of digitalization on the speed of LGS internationalization. Findings: The paper provides empirical insights about the impact of digitalization on the speed of LGS internationalization. Digitalization allows LGS to increase decision-making efficiency and to optimize international market evaluation strategies and processes. It suggests that international managers act as " integrating forces " on several levels: by applying a disciplined and structured internationalization process with regular reviews, by mediating between local market realities and corporate goals, understanding the limits and benefits of digitalization, and optimizing decision-making. Research/Practical Implications: The findings are relevant for researchers, scholars, managers, and policy makers who support activities that promote digital engagement, to understand better the impact of digitalization on the speed of LGS internationalization, to increase the efficiency of decision-making processes, and to optimize international market evaluation strategies, processes, training, and (financial) support projects. Future scholarly work might also include quantitative assessments of subject-matter experts' (SMEs') perceptions, whose qualitative data can provide greater clarification of the study's statistical significance or replicate it with other SME from different industries and markets. Originality/Value: This paper fulfills an identified need and a call for research to study the impact of digitalization on the speed of LGS internationalization.
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Purpose: This paper seeks to identify the critical factors determining the valuation of software as a service (SaaS) companies. This newly created business model, namely software access and licenses as opposed to complete products,... more
Purpose: This paper seeks to identify the critical factors determining the valuation of software as a service (SaaS) companies. This newly created business model, namely software access and licenses as opposed to complete products, renders many evaluation metrics inapplicable. This creates a unique sub-industry of such companies for corporate valuation purposes. Salesforce.com is used as the focal company of evaluation, allowing use of and reference to actual data and prices. This paper aims to evaluate the accuracy and relevancy of specific valuation techniques and identify those best suited for a SaaS company. Design methodology: Individual stock and market index data were collected from publicly available sources. The main stock in focus (CRM = Salesforce.com) was then analyzed using widely accepted evaluation equations, followed by advanced analysis techniques gathered from more recent academic literature and reputable online sources. The findings from these techniques are then discussed to compare valuation estimates as well as applicability towards the SaaS profit model. Findings: This paper provides empirical insights on the impact of SaaS price-setting models on the valuation of firms using a SaaS business model. In contrast to relative valuation methods, cash flow-based valuation methods better reflect the impact of pay-per-use price-setting models and growth strategies on corporate valuation. The cash flow being generated by the SaaS firm creates value. The bulk of the valuation comes from the free cash flow growth rate being experienced and the expectation for continued growth in future quarters. These findings confirm our proposed theoretical model describing the strong mutual interdependence of business model, price-setting model, and corporate valuation method of SaaS firms. Research/practical implications: The study results are relevant for researchers, investors, and financial managers of SaaS firms, who need to understand the impact of SaaS price-setting models on the valuation of firms using a SaaS business model and who need to choose the appropriate valuation method. Future scholarly work should include quantitative assessments of additional financial data of salesforce.com and other SaaS firms to provide greater clarification of the statistical significance of the variables of this study or to replicate it with other SaaS firms from different industries and countries. Originality/value: The paper fulfills an identified need and a call for research to study the impact of SaaS price-setting models on corporate valuation using a single case study firm with a SaaS business model and contributes to the research about the influence of SaaS price-setting models on corporate valuation.
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This article analyses the research problem of price-setting strategies for product innovations in the medtech industry. It is based on the conceptual framework of price-setting practices, strategies, and models. A multiple case study... more
This article analyses the research problem of price-setting strategies for product innovations in the medtech industry. It is based on the conceptual framework of price-setting practices, strategies, and models. A multiple case study research is then performed on six medical technology companies, focusing on how they set their initial product price for a new technology solution to either existing medical conditions or technology limitations. The research results show that medtech companies opt for competition-informed price practices and buy pricing models. The pricing strategies vary between skimming and market-based pricing strategies. Price innovations are limited due to regulation and financial considerations.
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This study examines the internationalization of high-tech start-up firms (HSF) from small and open economies (SMOPEC). It explores how HSF may differ in their speed of internationalization relying on information collected via interviews... more
This study examines the internationalization of high-tech start-up firms (HSF) from small and open economies (SMOPEC). It explores how HSF may differ in their speed of internationalization relying on information collected via interviews with the CEOs or founders of 32 HSF that operate internationally. It uses a comparative cross-national multiple case study research design to answer the research questions. The findings provide the basis for developing propositions for further comparative analyses of the early and fast internationalization of HSF based in emerging and developed markets. The study contributes to the literature on networks, internationalization and international entrepreneurship.
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This paper aims to understand how high-tech start-up firms in the sense of lean global start-ups develop their international pricing strategies, practices, and models. It aims to expand the study of international entrepreneurship by... more
This paper aims to understand how high-tech start-up firms in the sense of lean global start-ups develop their international pricing strategies, practices, and models. It aims to expand the study of international entrepreneurship by including a broader and deeper range of pricing aspects than is normally found in the international entrepreneurship and pricing literature. The paper opted for a multiple case-study research design using different sources of evidence, including four in-depth interviews with CEOs of lean global start-up firms. The case-study firms were selected using a purposive selection method. The theoretical framework of Ingenbleek, Frambach & Verhallen (2013) is used. The results suggest that successful leaders act as 'integrating forces' on two levels: by applying a structured and disciplined price-setting process with regular reviews and by mediating between corporate financial goals and the local market reality. The results support the claim that policy makers should offer insights, training and financial support to give promising lean global start-up firms the possibility to select the most efficient international pricing models and strategies. The results are relevant for entrepreneurs to understand the importance of efficient price-modelling processes and the influence of the different price strategies and price models on financial results and sales revenues.
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Purpose: This paper aims to understand how high-tech start-up firms from small and open economies develop and optimise their international pricing strategies and models. The paper proposes modelling a pricing strategy process and... more
Purpose: This paper aims to understand how high-tech start-up firms from small and open economies develop and optimise their international pricing strategies and models. The paper proposes modelling a pricing strategy process and outlining why and how leadership is important throughout the pricing process. The study aims to expand the study of international entrepreneurship and global firms by including a broader and deeper range of pricing aspects than is normally found in the international entrepreneurship and pricing literature. Design/methodology/approach: The paper opted for a multiple case-study research design using different sources of evidence, including four in-depth interviews with CEOs of high-tech start-up firms. The case-study firms were selected using a purposive selection method. The interviews were conducted in December 2016 at the corporate headquarters of companies. The data was analysed using grounded theory to develop categories and to understand consistencies and differences. The theoretical framework of Ingenbleek, Frambach & Verhallen (2013) is used to analyse the pricing strategies of the case study firms. Findings: The paper provides empirical insights about how high-tech start-up firms from small and open economies develop and optimise their international price-setting strategies and models. It suggests that successful leaders act as 'integrating forces' on two levels: by applying a structured and disciplined price-setting process with regular reviews and by mediating between corporate financial goals and the local market reality. Research/practical implications: The results are relevant for researchers and policy makers who support activities that promote engagement into entrepreneurial activity. The results support that claim that policy makers should offer insights, training and financial support to give promising high-tech start-up firms the possibility to select the most efficient international pricing models and strategies. The results are relevant for entrepreneurs to understand the importance of efficient price-modelling processes, including regular price reviews, and the influence of the different price strategies and price models on financial results and sales revenues. Originality/value: This paper fulfils an identified need to study how high-tech start-up firms from small and open economies develop and optimise their international pricing strategies and models.
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Purpose: This paper analyses the research problem of the significance of early and fast internationalisation and how and why high-tech start-up firms (HSFs) from small and open economies (SMOPECs) differ in their internationalisation... more
Purpose: This paper analyses the research problem of the significance of early and fast internationalisation and how and why high-tech start-up firms (HSFs) from small and open economies (SMOPECs) differ in their internationalisation speed. For this purpose, the paper samples Switzerland as a developed economy and Paraguay as an emerging economy. This paper is based on the conceptual framework of the 'born global firm' (BGF) theory and the reviewed and updated Uppsala internationalisation process model. Design/methodology/approach: The research questions will be answered using a comparative multiple case study research design. Data will be collected through multiple sources of evidence, including semi-structured, in-depth, individual face-to-face interviews with subject-matter experts (SMEs), field notes, corporate brochures, business plans and reviews, culminating in a reflection of the data collected. After drawing a random sample from a database of Swiss and Paraguayan HSFs, some typical cases are selected. The Swiss (Paraguayan) sub-sample comprises 20 (12) SMEs who are CxOs, owners and founders. These people have expertise and knowledge as entrepreneurs and managers in technology management as well as fundraising. Findings: The results of the research reveal that the speed of internalisation is influenced by factors such as the skills of an entrepreneur and the management team, their international networking and learning skills, the business model and the pricing strategies of the HSF, market selection, the market entry mode, the successful implementation of a structured market-development process, uniqueness of the technology and the product portfolio, availability of market opportunities and the size of the home market. Furthermore, the results show significant differences between HSFs from developed and emerging SMOPECs concerning the importance of these factors for early and fast internationalisation. Research/practical implications: The implications for practice, applications and consequences are identified. The outcomes will support policy makers, educators, investors as well as founders and managers to identify the respective key success factors for successful internationalisation and provide the required resources, including capital, processes and know-how. Future research can analyse the effect of location in cross-national studies with additional emerging and developed SMOPECs. Originality/value: The findings of this qualitative multiple case study research project contribute to the field of research on international entrepreneurship because they will help researchers to better understand the significance of early and fast internationalisation and how and why HSFs from emerging and developed SMOPECs differ in their speed of internationalisation. In addition, the findings contribute to managerial practice because they will help managers and founders of HSFs from emerging and developed SMOPECs to develop new foreign markets earlier and faster.
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This article analyses the research problem of how European tier-one automotive suppliers' (ETOASs) evaluate and select efficient market-entry modes to develop emerging growth markets using India as the example country market. The study is... more
This article analyses the research problem of how European tier-one automotive suppliers' (ETOASs) evaluate and select efficient market-entry modes to develop emerging growth markets using India as the example country market. The study is based on the conceptual framework of the revised Uppsala internationalisation process model (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977; Johanson & Vahlne, 2009) and the notion that international market development is an integrated part of strategic management to facilitate sustainable and profitable growth (
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This research project analyses the research problem of how and why high-tech start-up firms (HSF) from small and open economies (SMOPEC) differ in their speed of internationalisation using the example of Switzerland. It is based on the... more
This research project analyses the research problem of how and why high-tech start-up firms (HSF) from small and open economies (SMOPEC) differ in their speed of internationalisation using the example of Switzerland. It is based on the conceptual framework of the " born-global-firm " (BGF) theory and the reviewed and updated Uppsala internationalisation process model. The research questions will be answered using a multiple case study research design with qualitative, in-depth, face-to-face, and semi-structured interviews of subject matter experts (SME). This study uses a sample size of twenty SMEs to allow for a better triangulation of data and to strengthen the research results. After a random sample is drawn from a database of Swiss HSFs, the typical cases of the sample are selected. The sample consists of twenty SMEs, which are CXOs, investors, and founders of a HSF and which have expertise knowledge as entrepreneurs and senior executive managers of HSFs (including expertise in technology and IP management as well as fundraising). The research results show that factors like the skills of the entrepreneur and the management team, their business networks, the business model of the HSF, the market entry mode, the successful implementation of a structured market development process, the uniqueness of the technology and the product portfolio, the availability of market opportunities, and the size of the home market influence the speed of internationalisation. Based on these findings, the concept of lean internationalization is developed to support HSFs from SMOPECs to internationalise earlier, faster and above all more successful than today. The findings of this qualitative multiple case study research project contribute to the field of research of international entrepreneurship, because researchers will gain a better understanding of how and why HSFs from SMOPECs differ in their speed of internationalization. The findings of this qualitative multiple case study research project contribute to managerial practice, because they will help managers to increase the efficiency of international market development.
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MIT 4-PUNKTE-PLAN AUF INTERNATIONALEM EXPANSIONSKURS Schnelle Planungssicherheit mit System: ein Nachschlagewerk, mit dem Manager und Geschäftsführer die Hauptschwierigkeiten in Sachen Internationalisierung erkennen. Wie man das Risiko... more
MIT 4-PUNKTE-PLAN AUF INTERNATIONALEM EXPANSIONSKURS
Schnelle Planungssicherheit mit System: ein Nachschlagewerk, mit dem Manager und Geschäftsführer die Hauptschwierigkeiten in Sachen Internationalisierung erkennen. Wie man das Risiko minimiert und den Erfolg maximiert, zeigt Ihnen das Handbuch Internationale Markterschließung mit vielen Beispielen aus der Praxis und standardi- sierten Methoden:
Geschäftsmodellanalyse und Marktauswahl Projektmanagement und globale Markenführung Business-Plan und Markteintritt Wachstumsstrategien und Desinvestition. Ein Erfahrungsschatz, der internationales Engagement zu einem genialen Schachzug werden lässt.
»Die Welt ist Ihr Zuhause. Vergessen Sie jedoch nie Ihre Wurzeln. Versuchen Sie nie jemand zu sein, der Sie nicht sind. Auslandsmanagement heißt nicht, sich verän- dern zu können, sondern mit unterschiedlichen Kulturen leben zu können. Nur so finden Sie die richtige Balance zwischen Distanz und Offenheit.«
Schnelle Planungssicherheit mit System: ein Nachschlagewerk, mit dem Manager und Geschäftsführer die Hauptschwierigkeiten in Sachen Internationalisierung erkennen. Wie man das Risiko minimiert und den Erfolg maximiert, zeigt Ihnen das Handbuch Internationale Markterschließung mit vielen Beispielen aus der Praxis und standardi- sierten Methoden:
Geschäftsmodellanalyse und Marktauswahl Projektmanagement und globale Markenführung Business-Plan und Markteintritt Wachstumsstrategien und Desinvestition. Ein Erfahrungsschatz, der internationales Engagement zu einem genialen Schachzug werden lässt.
»Die Welt ist Ihr Zuhause. Vergessen Sie jedoch nie Ihre Wurzeln. Versuchen Sie nie jemand zu sein, der Sie nicht sind. Auslandsmanagement heißt nicht, sich verän- dern zu können, sondern mit unterschiedlichen Kulturen leben zu können. Nur so finden Sie die richtige Balance zwischen Distanz und Offenheit.«
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Le design d’étude de cas est l’une des méthodes de recherche les plus utilisées et populaires parmi les chercheurs et les professionnels. Une des raisons en est sa grande flexibilité. On peut analyser des études de cas uniques ou... more
Le design d’étude de cas est l’une des méthodes de recherche les plus utilisées et populaires parmi les chercheurs et les professionnels. Une des raisons en est sa grande flexibilité. On peut analyser des études de cas uniques ou multiples, utiliser des données quantitatives ou qualitatives, prendre en compte un seul phénomène ou développer une nouvelle théorie. Ce livre fournit un manuel d’instructions unique et facile à suivre pour exploiter tout le potentiel de cette méthode de recherche. Avec Michael Neubert, ce livre a été écrit par un chercheur qui possède de nombreuses années d’expérience avec des designs d’études de cas et a déjà publié un grand nombre de livres et d’articles scientifiques.
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El diseño de estudio de caso es uno de los métodos de investigación más utilizados y populares entre investigadores y profesionales. Una de las razones es su gran flexibilidad. Se pueden analizar estudios de casos únicos o múltiples, se... more
El diseño de estudio de caso es uno de los métodos de investigación más utilizados y populares entre investigadores y profesionales. Una de las razones es su gran flexibilidad. Se pueden analizar estudios de casos únicos o múltiples, se pueden utilizar datos cuantitativos o cualitativos, se puede considerar un solo fenómeno o múltiples o se puede desarrollar una nueva teoría. Este libro proporciona un manual de instrucciones único y fácil de seguir para aprovechar todo el potencial de este método de investigación. Con Michael Neubert, este libro fue escrito por un investigador que tiene muchos años de experiencia con diseños de estudios de casos y ya ha publicado una gran cantidad de libros y artículos científicos.
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Good international trade relations are a must for any modern enterprise, regardless of its size. But without a sound global market strategy, entry onto the international scene is risky and can at worst lead to a company’s demise. In this... more
Good international trade relations are a must for any modern enterprise, regardless of its size. But without a sound global market strategy, entry onto the international scene is risky and can at worst lead to a company’s demise. In this book, Michael Neubert, a renowned expert in global business strategy, outlines the principles that underlie a successful international venture: development of a custom-fit internationalization strategy; selection of foreign markets and structured market entry processes; design of market growth strategies; intercultural management and international corporate management; and the carrying out of market exits. Supplemented with case studies, the tools and solutions in Global Market Strategies provide international managers with the requisite know-how for success in all markets and industries.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the internationalization process, behavior, and patterns of ride-hailing firms through the use of the born global firms (BGFs) internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research... more
The purpose of this study is to explore the internationalization process, behavior, and patterns of ride-hailing firms through the use of the born global firms (BGFs) internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research method will be based on the purpose of the study. A multiple-case study is used to comprehensively analyze the phenomenon under investigation and explore the behavior and pattern between the case studies. Data was collected through documentation reviews such as a financial report, company portfolio, business plan, and previous research within the subject from seven ride-hailing firms to allow for triangulation. Data analysis of the study found seven themes to answer the research question. The finding suggests that ride-hailing firms: 1) Enter the home market as a pioneer, and the internationalization can be done as both pioneer, and follower. 2) Expand the market through the use of concentration or combination strategy. 3) Use wholly owned subsidiaries as their main entry form. 4) Ride hailing firms move from global standardization to local adaptation the longer they operate in a market. 5) Ride hailing firms prefer a born regional and born-again global internationalization model. The two limitations of this research are the research methodology and sampling strategy that limit the results' generalizability. The results will help to extend BGFs’ internationalization models and add, confirm, and provide new knowledge regarding the ride-hailing industry. They also provide resources for practice such as founders, managers, entrepreneurs, consultants, and coaches to understand how BGFs’ internationalization in the ride-hailing sector works.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the internationalization patterns of digital payment system firms through the use of the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model (UIPM) as a conceptual framework. The phenomenon is explored... more
The purpose of this study is to investigate the internationalization patterns of digital payment system firms through the use of the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model (UIPM) as a conceptual framework. The phenomenon is explored via a multiple-case analysis in order to understand the patterns among the different case studies. Data were collected through different sources: scientific papers, corporate websites, and reputable consulting companies’ reports websites.
Data analysis found five themes to answer the research question. The results and the findings of the research suggest that: 1) digital payments system firms, when analyzed by the UIPM, express a fast internationalization process and they start to internationalize by low distance countries in cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic (CAGE) terms, 2) all those firms use a network (technical or business partnerships) to enter overseas, 3) technological and demographic elements are not suitable to understand the possibility of internationalization, 4) the regulatory barriers are not so important as the users’ ones seem to be, 5) the firm-specific advantage that every company had was directly involved in the e-commerce system.
Limitations of the research are its methodology and the sampling strategy that limits the results’ generalizability. Nevertheless, the results add knowledge on the UIPM when related to digital payment systems (DPS) firms. According to that vision, it can be helpful for scholars, consultants, entrepreneurs, as well as for private or public managers to better recognize the behavior of these companies when internationalizing.
Data analysis found five themes to answer the research question. The results and the findings of the research suggest that: 1) digital payments system firms, when analyzed by the UIPM, express a fast internationalization process and they start to internationalize by low distance countries in cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic (CAGE) terms, 2) all those firms use a network (technical or business partnerships) to enter overseas, 3) technological and demographic elements are not suitable to understand the possibility of internationalization, 4) the regulatory barriers are not so important as the users’ ones seem to be, 5) the firm-specific advantage that every company had was directly involved in the e-commerce system.
Limitations of the research are its methodology and the sampling strategy that limits the results’ generalizability. Nevertheless, the results add knowledge on the UIPM when related to digital payment systems (DPS) firms. According to that vision, it can be helpful for scholars, consultants, entrepreneurs, as well as for private or public managers to better recognize the behavior of these companies when internationalizing.
Research Interests:
The mobile communication industry is one of the most important industries, because it contributes almost five percent to the global GDP and provides the platform for most technological innovations like internet of things (IoT) or... more
The mobile communication industry is one of the most important industries, because it contributes almost five percent to the global GDP and provides the platform for most technological innovations like internet of things (IoT) or digitalization. The purpose of this qualitative, multiple-case study is to explore the internationalization patterns of the four major European mobile network operators (MNO) Deutsche Telekom, Orange, Vodafone, and Telefonica using the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model (UIPM) and the cultural, administrative, geographical, and economic distance (CAGE) distance framework as conceptual frameworks. The findings suggest that European MNOs opt for an active market entry strategy while using a “buy” market entry form to benefit from business opportunities in foreign markets with a high administrative and political proximity and identified government ownership as an impact factor on the speed of internationalization. These findings confirm and add to the current research about MNO’s internationalization patterns and offer important insights for practitioners. There is a need for additional research with other case study firms to replicate the research findings and quantitative methods to strengthen their generalizability.
Research Interests:
The purpose of this research is to explore the internationalization behavior of BioTech firms producing a COVID 19 vaccine using the Born Global internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research methodology that has been... more
The purpose of this research is to explore the internationalization behavior of BioTech firms producing a COVID 19 vaccine using the Born Global internationalization model as a conceptual framework. The research methodology that has been considered in this study is a qualitative, multiple-case study to gain valuable insight about the internationalization behavior of BioTech firms producing a COVID 19 vaccine, and how and why these BioTech firms internationalize. Secondary data was collected via various websites, the BioTech firms’ official websites, through corporate documents, press releases, published articles, journals, and annual reports. The data analysis disclosed four themes to answer the research questions. The findings from the qualitative analysis, suggest that BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine use the combination of multiple market entry modes and expansion strategies to internationalize. The first limitation of this research is the sample size used in the multiple-case study. Secondly, although most of the information was from the websites of the firms in this paper, other sources were also used and that could raise the issue of quality and trustworthiness. There is a call for further research to explore the internationalization process, behaviour, and patterns of BioTech firms producing a COVID-19 vaccine using different methodologies, sample size, the industry, and firms from other continents to close the gap. Tubman, Alliayah and Neubert, Michael, Internationalization Behavior of Biotech Firms Producing a COVID-19 Vaccine.