Azimuth

In this paper, we propose an approach to the problem of simultaneous shape and refractive index recovery from multispectral polarisation imagery captured from a single viewpoint. The focus of this paper is on dielectric surfaces which diffusely polarise light transmitted from the dielectric body into the air. The diffuse polarisation of the reflection process is modelled using a Transmitted Radiance Sinusoid curve and the Fresnel transmission theory. We provide a method of estimating the azimuth angle of surface ...

The structure and operating principles of a solar compass conceived and realised at the ENEA Laboratories in Frascati are presented. The optical design, the underlying software and the calibration procedure make this instrument a reliable, stand-alone tool with an unprecedented combination of accuracy and cost-effectiveness. In-field operation gives evidence of azimuth determination capability with an accuracy of 0.01°. Exploitation of built-in sensors of smartphones (e.g. GPS, camera, accelerometer) allowed us to move this technology to popular level, providing everybody with a cheap tool of orienteering, far superior to any magnetic compass, despite a reduced accuracy with respect to the original instrument.

Presso i Laboratori del Centro Ricerche ENEA di Frascati sono stati realizzati diversi prototipi di bussola solare compatta e in grado di fornire la direzione del Nord geografico in qualunque luogo del pianeta con elevata accuratezza (0.01°).
Inizialmente progettata per impianti solari a concentrazione, la bussola solare ENEA è applicabile a qualsiasi strumento di rilevamento, come teodoliti, stazioni totali, laser scanner, ecc.  Il suo basso costo, piccolo ingombro ed il completo automatismo elettronico rendono questo dispositivo uno strumento accessibile e di facile impiego per qualsiasi utilizzatore, sia a livello professionale che amatoriale.
In particolare, essa può essere utilizzata in archeoastronomia laddove la tipica precisione delle bussole magnetiche risulti insufficiente, specialmente in un periodo come questo che vede un deciso aumento dello spostamento casuale del Polo Nord magnetico.
Oltre allo strumento professionale, presentiamo anche una App in grado di trasformare qualsiasi telefono di tipo smartphone in una precisa bussola solare.

This work, illustrates the development of 2 GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) interfaced with square truncated edge-fed
right circularly polarized patch antenna. The LNA is simulated on Agilent ADS platform with TSMC 130nm RF CMOS
process. The development of cascode amplifier and its optimization has been further exemplified. The developed LNA is
tuned for 2 GHz and the performance is tuned for high stability factor of 4, Gain of 19 dB which is essential for any
mobile device, Noise Figure (NF) of 1.15 dB with a P1dB point at -9 dBm. Further a truncated patch antenna with
right circular polarization has been simulated on EMpro. The antenna has a gain of 6.1 dB in the azimuth plane. The
simulated system can be further integrated to form the RF front end of TDD2000 LTE standard mobile device.

This paper presents a review of tilt angle and azimuth angles in solar energy applications. The paper involves an overview of design parameter, applications, simulations and mathematical techniques covering different usage application. The number of references analysing the tilt angle deployment in the context of the research papers of the different countries currently having operations in solar systems is much more significant. Different kinds of models and test methods of optimum tilt angle in different solar systems have been developed since 1956 which can be distinguished by their particular mathematical models or tracking techniques as shown in the latest researches. The mathematical models allows the calculation of different parameters of the solar radiation, the angle of inclination, and the optimum tilt angle of the collecting surface and the effects acting on the system.

The technique of interpolated arrays is applied to ESPRIT-type direction finding methods. The resulting method uses sensor arrays with an arbitrary configuration, thus eliminating the basic restrictive requirement of ESPRIT for two (or more) identical arrays. This approach allows for resolving D+1, while the original ESPRIT method requires at least 2D sensors. Moreover, it is shown that while ESPRIT performs poorly for signals propagating in parallel (or close to parallel) with the array displacement vector, the advocated technique does not exhibit such weakness. Finally, using two subarrays, ESPRIT cannot resolve azimuth and elevation even when the sensors are not collinear. However, the interpolated ESPRIT procedure resolves azimuth and elevation using only a single array. The performance of the original ESPRIT when the sensor locations are perturbed is also discussed and illustrated numerically

Radar position estimation from target signals suffers from main-beam jamming. One way to counteract the problem is to integrate data from multiple sensors. An adaptive monopulse Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm discerns the azimuth and elevation angle estimation or true spectrum amongst jamming, but relying solely on the algorithm results in an undesirable position location and navigation error. By integrating

T.L. Cicciarella, Monocromo. Appunti per un regesto.
Pubblicato in: S. Troisi (a cura di), Monocromo. L’utopia del colore. p. 118-127. Silvana Editoriale, Cinisello Balsamo 2009. ISBN: 9788836614639

Catalogo della mostra “Monocromo. L’utopia del colore”, a cura di Sergio Troisi. Marsala, Convento del Carmine, maggio-ottobre 2009.

The invention of smart grid has already outdated the conventional method of one way power production- supply concept. While developed countries have already started to adopt smart meters, appliances and renewable energy sources; underdeveloped and developing countries are still facing power shortages every day. In the second Industrial Revolution, electricity was the main advancement and the recent Industrial Revolution 4.0 has pushed giant Production companies into the adoption and promotion of Renewable Energy sources. The integration of IoT and power systems has revolutionized the world in terms of power efficiency and real time monitoring. This paper discusses an experimental work done on how IoT can monitor the power/voltage and current production of a standalone renewable energy source i.e. a solar panel. This paper also discusses how to improve the solar panel efficiency by correcting the tilt angle of the solar panel. The monitoring of the solar panel is done via an inter-connected system using NodeMCU, Node-RED, Arduino and an MQTT channel. The monitoring of solar panels can be made easier by implementing the proposed work in a photovoltaic (PV) power plant. Moreover the monitoring of energy production will greatly enhance the health of the PV system. A 24% increase in the power output has been noticed after the correction of the tilt angle which was corrected using a solar tracker.

KEYWORDS
IoT based Solar Panel, Solar monitoring, NodeMCU, Node-RED, MQTT, Tilt Correction using IoT, Azimuth Correction using IoT.

L'ENEA ha sviluppato una bussola solare in grado di funzionare nelle missioni spaziali per navigare tra i pianeti. Questo strumento può essere adattato ad applicazioni terrestri, in particolare, per la navigazione su mezzi mobili come navi ed aerei, su mezzi speciali attrezzati per rilevamenti ambientali e mezzi privi di autista.
L'ENEA è aperta a collaborazioni con altri Enti di ricerca o con imprese per sviluppare una bussola 'marziana' o, più semplicemente, una bussola per mezzi mobili terrestri.

The objective of this paper is to investigate and explain how binaural audio uses psychoacoustics in order to create effects which virtually position sound sources anywhere in three-dimensional space. To do this, a short summary on psychoacoustics will be made. Moreover, different parameters of 3D audio will be reviewed in order to understand its link with the aforementioned discipline. Different sources will be studied to achieve this objective.

The paper describes the simulation results for a ground penetrating SAR radar. As a simulation model of SAR system the pulse radar with LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation) signal has been applied. The aim of the experiment was to test ability of the SAR system to obtain fully focused image of the underground targets. Simulation results presented in the paper are

— This paper primarily concerns with the determination of life of bracket assembly of Azimuth Thruster under fatigue and structural considerations. An Azimuth thruster is an arrangement of marine propellers placed in pods which can be rotated to any horizontal angle (azimuth). Joseph Becker, invented the Z-drive azimuth propeller first in 1950, whereas this kind of propulsion was first patented by Pleuger in 1955. The ships fitted with this system give better maneuverability than a fixed propeller and rudder system. As thrust acts on the assembly, the well is supported by structures like brackets, struts etc. After brief research on the optimization of design of propellers, performances, there is a scope of improvisation in the design of supporting structures related to the assembly. In this paper, problems while assembling the structure are discussed. In order to mitigate these problems, its expected life under working conditions is found out. Also, structural analysis is carried out to compare as-designed and as-fitted assembly under given thrust loading conditions.

This paper presents a review of tilt angle and azimuth angles in solar energy applications. The paper involves an overview of design parameter, applications, simulations and mathematical techniques covering different usage application. The number of references analysing the tilt angle deployment in the context of the research papers of the different countries currently having operations in solar systems is much more significant. Different kinds of models and test methods of optimum tilt angle in different solar systems have been developed since 1956 which can be distinguished by their particular mathematical models or tracking techniques as shown in the latest researches. The mathematical models allows the calculation of different parameters of the solar radiation, the angle of inclination, and the optimum tilt angle of the collecting surface and the effects acting on the system.

This paper introduces a framework developed for image processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. It encapsulates features of modern hardware architectures, including symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing, within an easy and intuitive to use application programming interface (API). The multiprocessing part is designed for unified usage of different architectures reaching from multicore processors to cluster of workstations to grids of clusters. So an application using the framework can be ported from one architecture to another without any changes in the source code. The framework builds the bottom layer of the processing system developed for the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) new airborne SAR sensor, the F-SAR [1].

We consider beamforming and Capon direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using arrays of acoustic vector sensors. We derive an expression for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the DOA parameters of a single source. Using this, we give conditions that minimize the lower bound on the asymptotic mean-square angular error, and conditions that ensure it is isotropic. The asymptotic performance of the Capon (1969, 1971) and beamforming estimators is analyzed and compared with a scalar-sensor array. The vector-sensor array is seen to have improved performance due to its elements' directional sensitivity. Large sample approximations for the mean-square error (MSE) matrices of the estimators are derived. Throughout, we compare vector-sensor arrays with their scalar-sensor counterparts