Identity Construction

This paper studies Mexican Americans and Native Americans, whose situation as the other was the result of their exposure to the colonial and racial laws of the 19th century United States. Although these two marginalized groups were the already resident people uprooted by the colonial power of the United States and their ties to the lands that once
belonged to them were broken by laws of displacement and education, the American political system aimed more as it tried to break down the cultural identity of the mentioned groups. I look at three literary works to analyze how these systems are represented in literature of Mexican Americans and Native Americans as these works dwell on similar subjects that focus on law and education with an emphasis on Mexican American and Native American identities. María Amparo Ruiz de Burton's The Squatter and the Don, John Rollin Ridge's The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta and Gertrude Bonnin's (Zitkala-Ša) American Indian Stories are analyzed to see the effect of legal and education systems on the identity construction of Mexican Americans and Native Americans in literature. Moreover, Mexican-American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Indian Removal Act, and the education reform movement are at the core of this paper since the
American legal procedure aimed to break down the other and serve the interests of the white population through these phenomena.

A text about the virtual personas of Gazira Babeli, Helen Carmel Benigson, and Miri Sehgal.

We live today in a constructed world, in which human relationships have been increasingly mediatized and in which most of our knowledge of reality relies on media. In this environment, it doesn't make sense anymore to distinguish between virtual and real, and between a real person and her digital representation: they are both real, either they choose to be one or two different personas.

Les langues sont de puissants symboles d’identité et contribuent à tracer des frontières entre les individus et les groupes, mais l’inverse est également vrai : les individus ou les groupes circonscrivent et classent les langues dans le cadre de leur construction identitaire. De plus, définir sa propre maîtrise d’une langue, par exemple la minorer, est un moyen de construction identitaire et de négociation. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrons sur la construction discursive de l’identité des Grecs ayant le turc comme langue d’origine. Nous montrons comment les macro-choix (par exemple, l’abandon d’une langue) ou les micro-choix, comme les choix linguistiques dans une phrase, constituent l’agentivité des individus et des groupes dans leur dialogue avec les discours dominants.

This study employs narrative in order to examine circumstances wherein identity constructs and self-image are reconstituted in the face of oppressive circumstances. The authors of this article, both art educa-tors/academics, explore the role of narrative processes at the intersection of an " art education of place " purposed to reinterpret extant lifeworlds and mediate premature identity foreclosures. Narrative methods open portals for the authors to express both the challenges and the merit of reconciling our identities as African American males and professional educators who navigate predominantly White institutions. In this article, we juxtapose two selected life episodes narrated in order to examine the spaces between iterations of our lifeworlds; our situational, relational, and oppositional responses to various oppressive conditions; and our navigation of the stigmas and stressors inherent therein. These stories and their analysis are presented as an exemplar of the mediation of contemporary identity and the potential of such mediations as a transgressive form of pedagogy and a significant redress to persistent popular culture mythologies about race and class.

This paper compares the identity-formation processes of Latino students in three different college contexts (a liberal arts college, a research university, and a regional public university). Drawing on ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews, and surveys of members of Latino student organizations, I chart the distinct ways in which Latino students interact with one another and arrive at particular ethnic identities on different campuses. By applying ethnoracialization theory to mesolevel settings, I examine how students respond to external ascription as they co-construct and negotiate their ethnic-racial understandings. I identify three different patterns by which students deploy panethnic boundaries, specifically, as they adopt and define identity labels: inclusive Latino identification signifying solidarity above all, qualified Latino identification mediated through specific organizational membership, and the rejection of panethnic identities. I consider how the organizational context of each campus provides a distinct racial climate that mediates student interactions and potentially shapes the disparate identity outcomes that result. The findings suggest that, beyond providing academic experiences, colleges also provide Latino students with disparate lessons regarding who they are and where they fit in the ethnoracial hierarchy.

This research study is about the way pre-service English language teachers’ levels of reflectivity, proposed by Van Manen, give an account of the construction of their identity as language teachers during their pedagogical practicum in a BA program of English Language Teaching at a private university in Bogota, Colombia. This study follows the principles of narrative research to explore the way the participants live their pedagogical practicum experience. Data were collected from the participants’ reflective journals and audio-recorded semi-structured interviews. Findings reveal that pre-service English language teachers possess a level of reflectivity, although they are unaware of it at the beginning of their pedagogical practicum. Thus, their identities as language teachers are constructed depending on the context, the people that are around them, and the specific time; hence, the levels of reflectivity as proposed by Van Manen are set in an incognito manner.

This study focuses on nationality and ethnicity in the context of diaspora and media studies. By exploring the ways members of the Persian community in Israel (migrants from Iran to Israel) negotiate their ethnic Persian identification, I discuss the unique role online spaces play in the community's cultural, political, and social life. I draw on the case study to propose the term "Lived Ethnicity" as a digitally mediated identity construction process that works towards sociopolitical inclusion on two levels. First, as a user-based participatory process, this type of self-articulation pushes against cultural and political oppressions on a local-national level, within dominant oppressive discourses of nationality. Second, as a process performed via global online platforms, this type of self-articulation becomes a unique catalyst for communal expressions that are based on trans-national cultures and identifications. The study's novelty is its focus on the ways online platforms allow ethno-national minorities to both subvert oppressive national structures and maintain them, all while taking part in global political and cultural discussions that were relatively closed to them thus far.

When an adolescent experiences feelings of isolation, he/she will seek out ways to alleviate these feelings. Interacting with digital media allows those who are isolated, whether it’s geographically or emotionally, to experience forming social connections with their peers and to construct their identity. Isolated adolescents use social media to connect with their communication partner and each informs the other’s literacies. Their identities will not remain static, but will continue to evolve with each new social engagement. With every new audience in the social communication virtual world, there is the potential for changed social identities. The information in this paper pertains specifically to the ways in which one 16-year-old homeschooler uses digital media to create her social identity and reciprocate learning with her communication partners. Theories of sociocultural learning and literacy as a social practice are the perspectives through which the information in this article is viewed. It is suggested that digital media be assimilated into educational curriculum so that learning is more broadly informed by both traditional and online literacies.

This study describes and analyzes experiences narrated by six talented students of the Colegio Mayor Secundario Presidente del Perú - COAR Lima, on how they have been building their identity in relation to academic talent and intercultural competences, while they were students of this institution. This is a qualitative research, of a phenomenological nature, in which semi-structured interviews were used in a sample of students identified as academically talented through high performance criteria (they belong to the top 4% according to the final averages of 3rd to 5th grade of secondary education), as well as psycho-pedagogical evaluations. In the results and discussion, the scenario offered by the CMSPP-COAR Lima was explored and its influence on the construction of identity of the participants by allowing to deepen aspects such as: social and country commitment, self-awareness, critical-reflective thinking, motivation, perfectionism, spirit of competition, self-esteem and self-confidence, seeking approval, intercultural competences from the Bennett (2004) Model of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity, among others. Finally, the implications of these findings are reflected on and some suggestions for future research are provided.

How can designers depict a national identity when the national identity itself is in question? It wouldn’t be a stretch to say that the Arab world seems to be dealing with an ‘optional’ identity; one that churns and morphs to the whim of the moment. But what is Arab identity? Shaped by Orientalism, moulded by colonialism and impacted by globalism, a unified Arab identity does not exist. As this paper traces the evolution of Self-Orientalism across a variety of communication channels, a prism of individual distorted representations emerge, squeezed by ‘othering’ into a collective dynamic, which Arab designers themselves, seemingly unaware, are nurturing.

The research focuses on the designer’s role and responsibility in depicting a cultural identity, in a world where Hyper-Nationalism is finding new roots in politics and media. Visual communicators have played an extensive role in the identity portrayal of the Arab world, that mirrors in many ways what Orientalists previously did in literature, cinema and academia. The paper highlights problematic design approaches visualizing the Arab world as an exotic place of mystery, erotica and stereotypes. Productions as such are leading a self-Orientalist reductionist wave in design and altering contextual realities.

W temacie wiodącym numeru i w pedeefie:
- Marta Olszak: Tradycja wynaleziona w polityce Turkmenistanu w okresie prezydentury Turkmenbaszy
- Marta Włodarkiewicz: Retradycjonalizacja w procesach odrodzenia narodowego na Syberii – analiza porównawcza Tuwy i Ałtaju
- Justyna Tucholska: Samojedzi jako przedstawiciele zanikających ludów tubylczych Syberii
- Piotr Załęski: Poziomy tożsamości etnicznej Kirgizów
- Robert Molski: Zróżnicowanie tożsamości narodowej Ukraińców

this small work is an analysis of the original letter of Prophet Muhammad to the Ethiopian King and what it means in terms of  African identity construct, historical consciousness, self determination, the world wide spread of Islam and Islamic eschatology.

Identity is one of the important objects of study in international relations because understanding it can increase the predictability of action which will be performed by actors in certain situation. This final assignment explores how the identity of states is constructed in international relations. This paper shows that identity is constructed by two kinds of factors; internal factors which refer to factors that come from the domestic dimension of a state, and external factors which refer to factors that come from the international dimension of state. This paper gives the readers understanding on what internal and external factors contributing to the construction of identity of states, and also how the interaction of these factors constructs the identity of states.

Parents have a significant role on adolescent"s way looking for their identity and independence. The successful parents nourish their children with such secure feelings that encourage them to be autonomous going towards their independence. Adolescence is a life period when a person starts to be more oriented inside instead of being psychologically depended upon family, and ideally saying parents wish to help their younger adolescent to develop his identity and let him try different ways to deal with day to day issues, which leads to learn new behavior. In this context the formation of identity and independence are not individual processes but a common and interdependent process where the adolescent and his parent take part. Different parenting styles play different role in identity formation for an adolescent. The present paper attempts to conceptually review the effect of different parenting styles on adolescents" identity construction and direction for further research.

The Internet represents an abundant source material for linguistic research, which continues to pose new challenges and opportunities on how language is used by its speakers. Its personal naming system, for example, has remained largely unexplored.

Of the many facets of names on the Internet awaiting closer scrutiny, the
phenomenon of usernames is perhaps the most fundamental. This thesis investigates the role they play in online life, the most suitable methods to approach them, and how they compare with the names used offline and where their place is in onomastics in general. With people’s names inevitably connected with one or another aspect of identity, this
work focuses on the relationship between usernames and online identities. The data has been gathered from a forum on the Russian-speaking sector of the Internet (RuNet) and comprises all registered usernames (676 at the time of collection) as well as an extensive and methodically selected sample of users’conversations. As a general analytical framework, it utilises Garfinkel’s (1967) ethnomethodology,
which conceptualises identity as a result of the ongoing interaction that people negotiate and achieve in everyday life rather than a set of inherent inner qualities. More specifically, the following methodological tools devised by Sacks (e.g. 1995, 1984a, 1984b) have been used to perform the analysis: Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) to categorise the usernames of the forum participants, and Conversation Analysis (CA), to observe how usernames contribute to the construction of individual identities. Finally, the concept of Stance, as presented by
Du Bois (2007), has been used as a lens to identify relevant evidence in the conversation samples.

The analysis has demonstrated the need for a systematic categorisation of usernames. The way in which they associate sets of attributes, facilitates the allocation of named entities as members of certain categories of persons. Both linguistic and typographic elements of usernames contribute to how they are perceived and what impression
they create. It is also argued that usernames have an important role to play in the active and ongoing construction of individual identities. The study concludes that CMC participants operate their usernames as meaningful linguistic devices to construct and co-construct each other’s identities. CA and MCD are confirmed to be relevant methods to analyse onomastic data. This study has generated a reliable body of evidence for the assertion that usernames are far from meaningless, and demonstrates, moreover, how their meanings are established. In so
doing, it constitutes an important contribution to onomastic theory with the potential to shed new light on personal naming in general.

If the 1952 National Revolution sought the wide incorporation of indigenous majority through their cultural assimilation and the process of building inclusive mestizo nation, the new project is based on the concept of the Plurinational State, incorporating numerous indigenous nationalities on the equal terms and granting them the right to self-determination. However, the concrete implementation of the indigenous rights is partial and ambivalent, provoking the question about the real change of power relations between the state and indigenous peoples. Moreover, since the indigenous discourse became inherent part of state narratives and symbolic machinery, the state has gained monopoly about indigeneity and uses it to construct a new political-cultural community, based on plural ethnic identities merged into a broad, inclusive indianised state nation. This paper seeks to respond if the new Bolivian (pluri)national project is truly new or is it rather a renewed version of an old nation-state project?

This study analyses the three essential elements of the interracial relationship between Amir and Emily in Ayad Akhtar's Pulitzer Prize-winning play, Disgraced. They are: Emily's painting of Amir, her husband, in the style of Portrait of Juan de Pareja by Diego Velázquez; Emily's White Saviour Complex; and the violence she suffered in the hands of Amir. The first two parts of the analysis will utilise the combination of Identity Construction theory by Stuart Hall, Edward Said's Orientalism, and the post 9/11 discourse of Neo-Orientalism. The last part of the analysis will foreground the entire elements by utilising Stuart Hall's theory of Articulation. It will be proved that Amir's violence is an act of retaliation towards Emily's domination over the production of his identity through representation and her influence in his crucial decisions concerning his relationship with his family. Emily's victimisation and the emphasis on Amir's 'tribalistic bond' risk a reductionist Neo-Orientalist reading of the text. By acknowledging Emily's White Saviour Complex, the text can be read as a re-articulation of the Neo-Orientalist stereotypes of 'barbaric brown man' and 'free white woman.'

Osmanlı Devletinin yıkılışını engellemek üzere ileri sürülen görüşlerin geçerliliklerini yitirdikleri bir dönemde yeni bir kimlik edinimi sağlamanın yanında yeni bir siyaset kurgusu oluşturma gayesi de taşıyarak ortaya çıkan Anadoluculuk, toprak milliyetçiliği üzerine inşa edilmiştir. 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde görülmeye başlayan Anadoluculuk, Türk Ocaklarındaki Turancılık ve Türkiyecilik tartışmaları sırasında belirginleşmiştir. Ocağın faaliyet alanı konusundaki bu tartışma, bir tercih yapma zorunluluğu sonucunda doğmuştur. Uzun ve yıpratıcı savaşların getirdiği kayıplar artık öze, Anadolu'ya dönmeyi gerekli kılıyordu. Esasen bu daralma, realist bir yaklaşımın ürünüydü.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Anadoluculuk, Anadolucu Tarihyazımı, Türk Tarih Tezi.

Anatolianist Movement, which came into being with the objective of building the provide for acquisition of a new identity and create a new politics of fiction, and at a time when the validity of the ideas regarding the prevention of Ottoman Empire from falling started to disappear, was built on territorial nationalism. Anatolianism firstly appeared in the first quarter of the 20th century, during the discussions about Turanism and Turkiyecilik in Türk Ocakları. The Ocak on the field of activity this discussion is born out of the necessity of making a choice. A long exhausting war casualties it was necessary to return to Anatolia to the essence now. In fact, this restriction was a product of the realistic approach.
Keywords: Anatolianism, Anatolianist Historiography, The Turkish History Thesis.

This paper aims to interrogate Freirean critical pedagogy via the work of Jacques Lacan in order to shed new light on psychoanalytic issues that arise when engaging in critical pedagogical work. First, through a close reading of Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed, the author delineates Freire's conception of the human subject, the mechanisms that function to oppress subjects and prevent full humanization, and the process by which subjects can begin to imagine new possibilities outside of the oppressor/oppressed relationship. Next, careful consideration is given to Lacan's formulation of the function of the imaginary in the emergence of the subject, which was most clearly articulated in his seminal work The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I as Revealed in Psychoanalytic Experience. This engagement with these two thinkers emphasizes what Lacan can teach us about the complex relationship between identity construction, subjectivity, and the role of intersubjective relations in theorizing and creating a more just world.

William Wordsworth suffered a lot from identity crises during his adolescent years. The deep grief he experienced after the early loss of parents, the pressure and restriction that he was exposed to by his relatives and "the discriminating powers of the mind" that are most effective in the artifacts of civilization made him crave for freedom and independence for years. It was only through the end of his twenties that he managed to come to terms with the grief stemming from the early loss of parents, react against the oppressive nature of relatives and save his mind from reducing to "a state of almost savage torpor". Even though there can be many various means through which he overcame these identity crises, there is one important escape out of all: nature. For Wordsworth, there is a system in us that helps us recreate nature as we want to. This half-perceptive and half-creative process suggests that nature and man cooperate to elevate each other through imagination. Wordsworth says, in his imagination, "Nature spake to [him]" (586) and helped him find answers to his problems. It is through this Romantic belief of Wordsworth that he managed to find consolation for his griefs, improve his imagination, gain freedom and become independent in nature.

Language is an important device in the construction of an individual's identity. However, Language not only identifies any particular individual but also sets its position inside the society. As a form of social behavior, language like other social behaviors, also distinguishes gender differences. This study investigates the linguistic features and the personal identity of Agueda in Nick Joaquin's May Day Eve. This study can be used to apprehend how women were influenced by the society and the culture of the Philippines during the 1800s. The researchers use Lakoff's Theory of Linguistic Features, and the Indexicality Principle by Bucholtz and Hall (2005) to analyze the language and identity of Agueda. Qualitative Content Analysis and descriptive research design are used to analyze thoroughly the utterances of Agueda which consist of linguistic features and stances. Based on the linguistic features and the stances analyzed, Agueda uses emphatic stress more to show assertiveness through her utterances, she also uses disalignment more, and she likes to position herself along the affective scale. The result of the study shows that Agueda is an assertive and strong willed young woman, who likes to do whatever she wants. Her utterances also show how resentful she has become after her marriage with Badoy. The conclusion can be drawn that language is an important factor in creating an identity of a person, and this identity can be formed through the stances and linguistic features, which are greatly affected by the society, culture, and people that surround an individual.

This article examines the issue of the ‘other’ in the Saudi novel from the 1980s to 2000 against the background of the social changes taking place in Saudi Arabia. It is based on the reading of some thirty Saudi novels and offers a critical analysis of selected novels, based on the assumption that fictional-literary texts can serve as a valuable source for the understanding of various social processes. My main contention is that at the beginning of the period, the discourse towards the Western ‘other’ was very dichotomous and stereotypical, but over time changes in discourse could be identified that indicate developments in the perception of the ‘self’ versus the ‘other’ that reflected a dynamic dialogue between Saudi society and Western society. Later novels presented a more complex and genuine picture of East-West relations, and even served as a platform for internal criticism.

This paper investigates the interconnections between face-threat and identity construction in the on/offline nexus by focusing on a stigmatized social identity (Goffman, 1963), a local ethnographically specific, cultural position (Bucholtz and Hall, 2005) attributed to some (mostly) American women stereotypically middle-aged and white who are positioned by others as Karens. Thus, Karen is attributed as an identity category to a woman "thought to be acting inappropriately, rudely or in an entitled manner" (Greenspan, 2020). Often, this inappropriate behavior is linked to perceived displays of racism against minorities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-masker Karens also gained notoriety. This relates to other well-known facets of the Karen identity kit (Gee, 2014), such as terrorizing services workers and refusing to abide by rules and regulations. To further our understanding of the Karen identity, this paper provides a multimodal analysis of a sizeable corpus, 256 videos of individuals whose actions and the way they were perceived led them to be positioned as Karens. Its goal is to scrutinize general social demographics and locations related to this social identity and, importantly, what actions and patterns of language and other semiotic modes are perceived as impolite i.e., face-threatening, and thus deemed Karen-like.

Historiography During the Soviet Nation and State Building Process
The concepts of nation and state embody in themselves both normality and artificiality. It is firmly established by historical experience that the human, as the subject of the former as well as the object of the latter, frequently interferes with the content of these concepts. If this intervention stems from ideological reasons, the implication is that the mechanism for providing legitimacy is involved with its focus on historiography. At this stage, the engine of historiography becomes an office for the approval of political power.
Within that context, the fictionalization of history transforms the knowledge of the past to a reproducible product. This understanding means a neglect of the motive to attain the reality of the past; instead, the aim is to become the social engineering required for the continuity of the ideology. In this concise text, alongside the ongoing philosophical debates as to what history is and how it should be laid out, the instrumentality of history in practical terms will be examined with a special focus on the Soviet Union paradigm.
Keywords: Soviet historiography, Soviet nation-state, Territorial historiography, Soviet nationalism.

This paper focuses on identity formation of Turkish immigrants living in Germany.Before diving into the topic , I will try to draw theoretical and philosphical framework of concept of identity in social sciences.Then,I will explain the importance of migration for identity formation.At this point , I would like to note that the literature about identity is huge as it has always been important concept in social sciences.Because of this reason it was not possible for me to cover the whole literature.At the final chapter of this paper,I will point out the fact that there are different dispositions among Turkish immigrants and unlike popular stereotypical mis-representation of Turkish immigrants in western discourse , the big proportion of them have become politically, socially, economically and culturally integrated and active agents in their country of settlement.However there is also sociological literature about perceived discrimination experienced by Turkish people in Europe.This generally leads them to construct reactive ethnicity. It is also possible to see the reflection of this on urban physical setting as they tend to live in certain neighborhoods.

The aim of the paper is to discuss Italian proverbs referring to the inhabitants of places in Italy, e.g. regions, cities, towns etc. with a view to analyzing them in terms of their linguistic characteristics and cultural peculiarities. Many of the units in question are not only carriers of meaning, but also stylistic markedenss, connotations and evaluation. The proverbs constituting the corpus for the analysis are excerpted from the dictionary of proverbs titled Dizionario dei proverbi italiani by Carlo Lapucci (2006) as well as other lexicographic sources. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the proverbs is conducted, which gives an insight into the linguo-cultural character of the units in question. As culture-bound units, mostly specific to Italian folklore, such proverbs can be considered potentially lacunary in a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective, which means the vast majority of them is likely to have zero equivalents in other languages.

This study aims to explore the variety of identities and identity options made available to
the intermediate level learners of English throughout the discursive fields and
representational repertoires of the U.K. published ELT coursebooks that are also widely
used in the various English as Foreign Language Learningcontexts of Turkey.To this
end, a thorough consideration of the socio-economically as well as linguistically
dominant position of English over the multimodal means of global communication has
been made and this has been followed by the critical question of “which identities are
foregrounded/ backgrounded/ excluded through this globally influential channel in the
particularity of language teaching?”. In answering this question, the main field of
research has been specified as the coursebooks that are published in the U.K., partly due
to their single sourced world-wide distribution network and partly for their continuing
popularity as the preferred tools of language education irrespective of the improving
education- communication technology.In order to analyze the 7 selected intermediate
level U.K. published coursebooks in terms of identity representations,a multi-staged
frame of analysis investigating the representational repertoires- thematic content,
reading texts, visuals and audio content of the coursebooks has been developed and
applied. In this sense the stage by stage analysis had a close look upon the semantic
fields provided by the coursebooks’ thematic content for the learner to construct their
identities on, the social actors in the reading texts with regard to the roles allocated to
them, the depiction of the social actors in the visuals and the multi-vocality of the audio
content. The findings for these areas have revealed that learners are provided with
limited options of identity representation through these multimodal means in a great
many of the selected coursebooks in terms of variety, equality and transcultural practice.

"This book is the first monograph to provide an in-depth and multifaceted study of the processes of ethnicization and identity construction in Malaysia, from the colonial period until the present. In his analysis, the author takes multiple layers of ethnicization into account and shows how these have shaped Malaysia’s socio-political system and society in different ways. Moving beyond a center-focused, top-down-oriented perception of identity politics, this work highlights on the one hand the role and position of a multitude of actors - from grassroots level to mainstream politics - who contribute to the persistence of ethnicization in Malaysia in numerous ways. On the other hand, it also shows where and under which circumstances possibilities for transethnic cooperation arise.

A multi-disciplinary approach, substantiated by empirical data based on qualitative and quantitative methodologies, provides a perspective that moves beyond stereotypical narrations of Malaysia as being constituted by mainly three separate, homogenous groups. At the same time, this book gives a detailed and comprehensive account of political and historical developments and constitutes a rich resource for any Malaysia-related research.

While the focus of this publication lies on Malaysia, the concept of manifestations and implementations of ethnicization provides an analytical framework that can also be applied in the study of ethnicization and identity construction elsewhere in the region and beyond."

The attached review is an electronic version of a book review that was published in Asian Ethnicity © 2013 Copyright; Taylor & Francis. Permission kindly granted by Taylor & Francis, any other form of reproduction or redistribution requires permission. Asian Ethnicity is available online at:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14631369.2012.745748

During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1640-1660), religious and political dissent flourished in a variety of ways, and many such disputes developed through print. Within this context, identity and collectivity played important roles in mobilising support for the many different perspectives being disseminated. Especially so within radical groups, as was the case of the Diggers. They were a radical group that, among other things, promoted occupations against enclosures, opposed monarchy and institutionalised religion, as well as social hierarchies, and published a series of pamphlets and broadsides between 1649 and 1652. Although much research has been conducted on the Digger since the mid-twentieth century, this paper focuses on one aspect that we consider has been neglected by the historiography: the way the Diggers self-fashioned and represented themselves in such pamphlets. We understand the process of identity construction within a broader scenario of dispute of representation, one which involved the London press of the time, other radical groups such as the Levellers and the Ranters, as well as the government authorities, for example. Thus, we aim to demonstrate how the ‘diggers’ of St. Georges Hill became ‘The Diggers’, a group that simultaneously addressed, and believed to be speaking on behalf of, the ‘poor oppressed people of England’. It is our belief that the process of identity dispute and formation is essential to complexify our understanding of radical experiences, promoting the view that disputes fought on the symbolic field played an important part within the political action of such groups.

In Belarus, the state between “East and West,” issues of national identity remain a topic of great importance. In this article, I identify the discourse on Belarusian music taking place among young Belarusian adults. This discourse is centered on three major aspects: the very existence of a distinct Belarusian music, its authenticity, and the aspect of language. The article aims to show that the discourse, characterized by young people’s ambivalent perceptions of Belarusian culture and music, reflects the ongoing process of the search for identity. The complexity of the notion of Belarusian culture and the ambiguity of the term “Belarusian identity” is linked with the issue of the Belarusian language, which occupies a marginal position in Belarus. In this article, I analyze the interconnection of the perceptions of music, culture and language in Belarus, and identify the functions which Belarusian music fulfills, both for Belarusian- and Russian-speaking Belarusians.

In this paper, I look at three YouTube comedians of Indian heritage. What is interesting about these comedians is their use of code-switching (CS), deploying aspects of Punjabi English and Vernacular American English. These bilingual comedians switch codes as part of their “presentation of self” (Goffman 1959) as a means to present and preserve their ‘Indian’ selves, both in contrast to and in conjunction with their Canadian upbringing and urban environment. CS is an important component of constructing ethnic identity, as others have argued (cf. DeBose 1992 and De Fina 2007, among others). Switches between dialects are crucial to understanding the sociolinguistic “stance” of the speaker towards her audience and towards her own identity (Jaffe 2009). In this study I apply the idea of 'intra-linguistic' CS to the videos of these Indian- Canadian YouTube comedians. The comedians employ multiple codes in their videos as an important element of multi-faceted identity construction.

Poststrukturalistische Theorien haben einige entscheidende Schritte in der Theoretisierung der Konzepte Identität und Differenz unternommen und damit auch produktiv in die seit langem geführte Debatte um das Verhältnis von Struktur und Subjekt interveniert. Der Begriff der Differenz findet hier weder im kritischen Sinne noch als normative Forderung Verwendung, sondern beschreibt als Logik der Differenz zusammen mit der Logik der Äquivalenz grundsätzlich die Art und Weise, wie Bedeutung und Identität hergestellt werden. Identität ist nichts Gegebenes oder gesellschaftlich Vorgängiges. Vielmehr wird in gesellschaftlichen Prozessen um die Generierung und Veränderung von Identitäten gerungen. Politik bzw. das Politische reduziert sich hierbei nicht auf einen bestimmten Bereich von Gesellschaft, sondern wird als konstitutiv für jede soziale Identität und Handlung und damit für die Strukturierung der Gesellschaft insgesamt verstanden. Politik beinhaltet demnach auch Auseinandersetzungen um Formen hegemonialer Stabilisierungen gesellschaftlicher Identität.