- História, Territórios e Comunidades - CFE NOVA FCSH
Av. de Berna 26 C
1069-061 Lisboa
htc@fcsh.unl.pt
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-2720
Filipe Castro
Universidade de Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Department Member
- FCSH, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal), História, Territórios e Comunidades, Department MemberTexas A&M University, Anthropology, Faculty Memberadd
- Anthropology, Archaeology, Nautical Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, and 28 moreMedieval Archaeology, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Gender Studies, Prehistoric Archaeology, Seafaring, Ancient Shipwrecks, Maritime History, Shipbuilding, Naval Architecture (History), Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, Portugal, Ancient and Medieval Shipbuilding, Cultural Resource Management (Archaeology), Underwater Archaeology, Post-Medieval Archaeology, Daniel Dennett, Archaeological Method & Theory, Archaeological Ethics, Shipwrecks, History of Technology, Digital Humanities, Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion, 16th century Venice, Slavoj Zizek, Avital Ronell, Alfie Kohn, Bruno Latour, and Yuval Noah Harariedit
The Third International Congress of Eurasian Maritime History, organised by the Pîrî Reis University and held on May 10-11, 2018 in Istanbul, was an important step in reviving interest in maritime history by bringing together researchers... more
The Third International Congress of Eurasian Maritime History, organised by the Pîrî Reis University and held on May 10-11, 2018 in Istanbul, was an important step in reviving interest in maritime history by bringing together researchers from many countries. This scientific event has been successfully realized thanks to the invaluable support of the Turkish Chamber of Shipping, Turkish Shipbuilding’ Association (GISBIR), Türk Loydu and the Turkish Foundation for Underwater Archaeology (TINA).
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Este relatório diz respeito ao património subaquático do Distrito de Braga e insere-se num trabalho mais vasto, cujo objetivo último é sensibilizar as populações para a riqueza e interesse cultural do seu património. Neste pequeno volume... more
Este relatório diz respeito ao património subaquático do Distrito de Braga e insere-se num trabalho mais vasto, cujo objetivo último é sensibilizar as populações para a riqueza e interesse cultural do seu património.
Neste pequeno volume apresenta-se um inventário dos sítios arqueológicos subaquáticos referenciados neste distrito.
Neste pequeno volume apresenta-se um inventário dos sítios arqueológicos subaquáticos referenciados neste distrito.
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Este relatório diz respeito aos navios possivelmente portugueses encontrados em Mocambique e dos quais ha informacao acessivel.
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Este relatório diz respeito aos naufrágios portugueses na Africa do Sul. A informação existente não abunda porque a maioria dos naufrágios encontrados foi pilhada por habitantes locais ou por caçadores de tesouros.
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The present catalogue is a work in progress, a reiteration of the previous 2020 ShipLAB Report 16.3 (Castro et al. 2020), and presents a compilation of the known marine astrolabes. It is a continuation of Alan Stimson’s work, who followed... more
The present catalogue is a work in progress, a reiteration of the previous 2020 ShipLAB Report 16.3 (Castro et al. 2020), and presents a compilation of the known marine astrolabes. It is a continuation of Alan Stimson’s work, who followed the work of other scholars, such as Luciano Pereira da Silva, D. W. Waters, and Marcel Destombes (Pereira da Silva 1945a, 1945bm 1946a, 1946b, 1946c; Waters 1957, 1966; Destombes 1969a, 1969b, Stimson 1983, 1988, Castro et al. 2015).
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Os astrolábios náuticos foram utilizados nas navegações dos descobrimentos (Albuquerque 1994, Marques 1998) e devem ter sido fabricados por quase todos os países europeus envolvidos em navegações oceânicas, embora subsistam poucos... more
Os astrolábios náuticos foram utilizados nas navegações dos descobrimentos (Albuquerque 1994, Marques 1998) e devem ter sido fabricados por quase todos os países europeus envolvidos em navegações oceânicas, embora subsistam poucos exemplares.
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Report No. 3
Ship Library (ShipLib): A Maritime Archaeology Database
Universidade de Coimbra
2021.00259.CEECIND
Projecto de carta arqueológica subaquática de Portugal. Volume 3. Pirogas monóxilas
Ship Library (ShipLib): A Maritime Archaeology Database
Universidade de Coimbra
2021.00259.CEECIND
Projecto de carta arqueológica subaquática de Portugal. Volume 3. Pirogas monóxilas
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Report No. 1
Ship Library (ShipLib): A Maritime Archaeology Database
Universidade de Coimbra
2021.00259.CEECIND
Projecto de carta arqueológica subaquática de Portugal. Volume 1. Introdução
Ship Library (ShipLib): A Maritime Archaeology Database
Universidade de Coimbra
2021.00259.CEECIND
Projecto de carta arqueológica subaquática de Portugal. Volume 1. Introdução
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Report No. 1
Ship Library (ShipLib): A Maritime Archaeology Database
Universidade de Coimbra
2021.00259.CEECIND
Underwater archaeology database for Portugal. Volume 1. Introduction
Ship Library (ShipLib): A Maritime Archaeology Database
Universidade de Coimbra
2021.00259.CEECIND
Underwater archaeology database for Portugal. Volume 1. Introduction
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Este artigo discute a importância da arqueologia em geral e da arqueologia subaquática em particular, descreve a sua situação em Portugal e propõe algumas iniciativas para melhorar o estado da arte e incluir a população no estudo,... more
Este artigo discute a importância da arqueologia em geral e da arqueologia subaquática em particular, descreve a sua situação em Portugal e propõe algumas iniciativas para melhorar o estado da arte e incluir a população no estudo, salvaguarda e divulgação da mesma. Defendendo um inventário público do património cultural subaquático, este texto propõe um modelo de gestão do património democrático e participado, contando com o apoio da população e
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Shipwreck stories have the potential to attract the attention of a wide public in different ways. Based on the Portuguese situation, of a country with a mythical past connected to the sea but a public policy for maritime archeology that... more
Shipwreck stories have the potential to attract the attention of a wide public in different ways. Based on the Portuguese situation, of a country with a mythical past connected to the sea but a public policy for maritime archeology that lacks vision, purpose, or strategy and tends to exclude the public, this paper proposes a reflection on the social value of archeology and the potential it has for education and entertainment.
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Portugal não tem bases de dados funcionais com os registos históricos de naufrágios nas suas águas territoriais, nem com registos de naufrágios portugueses no mundo, nem de sítios arqueológicos nas suas águas territoriais, nem de sítios... more
Portugal não tem bases de dados funcionais com os registos históricos de naufrágios nas suas águas territoriais, nem com registos de naufrágios portugueses no mundo, nem de sítios arqueológicos nas suas águas territoriais, nem de sítios de naufrágios de navios portugueses no mundo. Curiosamente, quando contactado acerca do meu projecto, o órgão responsável pelo património cultural subaquático – a Direção Geral do Património Cultural (DGPC) – participou-me que o meu projecto não era da minha competência.
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Conferência na Academia de Marinha, 2 de Julho de 2019.
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Proceedings of the 2017 Conference at Vila do Conde.
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In Amelia Polonia and Francisco Contente Domingues, "Shipbuilding and Heritage." Vila do Conde: CITEM, 2019. https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/17286.pdf
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Sunk in 1804 by the British Navy off the coast of the Algarve, the frigate Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes has become a myth for treasure hunters in the second half of the 20th Century. Although her cargo can hardly be considered a... more
Sunk in 1804 by the British Navy off the coast of the Algarve, the frigate Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes has become a myth for treasure hunters in the second half of the 20th Century.
Although her cargo can hardly be considered a treasure, the history of her loss and the stories of the adventurers who tried to gather funds to find and recuperate her remains, make this case an interesting example for the discussion of the questions related to the archaeology of ships with treasure (real or imaginary),
the activity of treasure hunters and the fragile condition of the underwater cultural heritage of the waters of the Exclusive Economic Zone, outside the territorial waters.
Although her cargo can hardly be considered a treasure, the history of her loss and the stories of the adventurers who tried to gather funds to find and recuperate her remains, make this case an interesting example for the discussion of the questions related to the archaeology of ships with treasure (real or imaginary),
the activity of treasure hunters and the fragile condition of the underwater cultural heritage of the waters of the Exclusive Economic Zone, outside the territorial waters.
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This talk will focus on the importance of the maritime cultural heritage and the challenges and opportunities created by the find, recording, excavation and publication of archaeological finds. It will make the point for the importance of... more
This talk will focus on the importance of the maritime cultural heritage and the challenges and opportunities created by the find, recording, excavation and publication of archaeological finds. It will make the point for the importance of the submerged cultural heritage, the reasons to preserve it, the value of archaeological remains, the importance of sharing them with a diverse public, the best ways to share and protect it, and the basic rules to reconstruct historical environments.
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My student Nick Budsberg asked me to give a SHORT paper on the future of maritime archaeology at the next SHA, and before long I had 50 slides, and I had not started the talk... so I decided I need help, and I would love to get your... more
My student Nick Budsberg asked me to give a SHORT paper on the future of maritime archaeology at the next SHA, and before long I had 50 slides, and I had not started the talk... so I decided I need help, and I would love to get your input before i cut this down to 15 minutes. :o)
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It is difficult to imagine a healthy society without a history, a common memory, or a common cultural background. In many countries history and archaeology have provided society with a sense of unity and continuity, at least since the... more
It is difficult to imagine a healthy society without a history, a common memory, or a common cultural background. In many countries history and archaeology have provided society with a sense of unity and continuity, at least since the advent of the Enlightenment. However, reconstructing the past based on documents and material remains is not an easy endeavor. Every generation of historians and archaeologists works to reconstruct the past with the means available, and every time the result is different.
During the 20th century historians have reflected on the means and purposes of History and have radically transformed the discipline, partly by changing the questions asked, and partly by including the inputs of geography, economy, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. Similarly, archaeologists have widened the array of supporting disciplines, and today archaeological studies are regularly supported by hard data and their hypothesis tested under the highest scientific standards.
The cooperation between archaeologists and hard scientists is not always easy, however. Traditionally divided until well after the Second World War, the Sciences and the Humanities were largely perceived as different scholarly worlds, rather independent, and ruled by different standards. This non-overlapping magisteria – as Stephen Jay Gould would call it – determined marked differences between the scholars of these “two cultures” – in the famous words of Charles Pierce Snow – which extended into their social lives. According to C. P. Snow’s famous 1959 University of Cambridge Rede Lecture, scholars from “the two cultures” exhibited a prodigious ignorance of each other’s knowledge and almost never saw each other socially.
Half a century later the situation is rater different and nautical and maritime archaeology are perhaps one of the fields of study where the role of hard sciences has grown in a more pronounced way. Yet, at least in the U.S.A., universities have shown an incredible lack of interest in this kind of multidisciplinary projects – although most deans claim otherwise – and the curricula remain as separated as ever.
During the 20th century historians have reflected on the means and purposes of History and have radically transformed the discipline, partly by changing the questions asked, and partly by including the inputs of geography, economy, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. Similarly, archaeologists have widened the array of supporting disciplines, and today archaeological studies are regularly supported by hard data and their hypothesis tested under the highest scientific standards.
The cooperation between archaeologists and hard scientists is not always easy, however. Traditionally divided until well after the Second World War, the Sciences and the Humanities were largely perceived as different scholarly worlds, rather independent, and ruled by different standards. This non-overlapping magisteria – as Stephen Jay Gould would call it – determined marked differences between the scholars of these “two cultures” – in the famous words of Charles Pierce Snow – which extended into their social lives. According to C. P. Snow’s famous 1959 University of Cambridge Rede Lecture, scholars from “the two cultures” exhibited a prodigious ignorance of each other’s knowledge and almost never saw each other socially.
Half a century later the situation is rater different and nautical and maritime archaeology are perhaps one of the fields of study where the role of hard sciences has grown in a more pronounced way. Yet, at least in the U.S.A., universities have shown an incredible lack of interest in this kind of multidisciplinary projects – although most deans claim otherwise – and the curricula remain as separated as ever.
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This is the final Powerpoint of my talk at SHA's Nicholas Budsberg and Charles Bendig symposium. It was too late to change the title, which should be something like: six questions related to the future of archaeology.
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The India Route was one of the longest commercial routes of the sixteenth century, and the Portuguese ‘naus’ designed and built to sail it were among the best and largest ships of their time. Perhaps less than 250 Portuguese Indiamen were... more
The India Route was one of the longest commercial routes of the sixteenth century, and the Portuguese ‘naus’ designed and built to sail it were among the best and largest ships of their time. Perhaps less than 250 Portuguese Indiamen were lost from 1498 to 1640, and many were found and burned soon after the wrecking event, to recover the expensive iron fastenings. This paper addresses the significance of oceangoing construction in the context of Europe’s history of science and ideas.
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First Draft of a compilation of Italian round ships iconography from the early modern period.
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This is a preliminary compilation of images representing Spanish merchant ships, armed or not. We hope to extend this collection of images and encourage our colleagues to send us images or comments.
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Powerpoint presented by Dr. Nigel Nayling at the ForSEAdiscovery Session, IKUWA 6, Fremantle, Australia, November 20, 2016.
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Caravels are among the most poorly understood historical craft. Mentioned in hundreds, perhaps even thousands of books, these ships have never been thoroughly described in historical sources, their representations are few and not very... more
Caravels are among the most poorly understood historical craft. Mentioned in hundreds, perhaps even thousands of books, these ships have never been thoroughly described in historical sources, their representations are few and not very detailed, and no caravel has been archaeologically excavated to this day. Replicas have been built with mixed results, never based on solid supporting information. This paper is a tentative summary of what is known about these ships.
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Questions associated with the size of ships suggested in historical documents are relevant to giving an idea of the volume of cargoes, the size of crews, cost of freights, or when trying to evaluate competitive advantages in war and... more
Questions associated with the size of ships suggested in historical documents are relevant to giving an idea of the volume of cargoes, the size of crews, cost of freights, or when trying to evaluate competitive advantages in war and commerce. Good estimates are often difficult to obtain from the written record, although some values concerning basic hull dimensions are sometimes mentioned. The establishment of reliable relations between registered capacity, as expressed in coeval documents, and displacement, as it is defined nowadays, would be helpful to both historical and archaeological research. This paper probes
into the relations between a number of known formulas to calculate tonnages in the 16th century, and the reconstructed hull of the Pepper Wreck, an archaeologically excavated shipwreck dated to 1606.
into the relations between a number of known formulas to calculate tonnages in the 16th century, and the reconstructed hull of the Pepper Wreck, an archaeologically excavated shipwreck dated to 1606.
Methods of designing the bottom of ship’s hulls were only a small part of the process of building a frame-based ship in Portugal in the 16th and early 17th centuries, but they deserve a careful look. Using a number of geometric... more
Methods of designing the bottom of ship’s hulls were only a small part of the process of building a frame-based ship in Portugal
in the 16th and early 17th centuries, but they deserve a careful look. Using a number of geometric algorithms that were already
well-known to Italian shipwrights of the 15th century, Portuguese shipwrights obtained the co-ordinates of the turn of the
bilge points of the central, pre-designed, frames without the need for making drawings.
in the 16th and early 17th centuries, but they deserve a careful look. Using a number of geometric algorithms that were already
well-known to Italian shipwrights of the 15th century, Portuguese shipwrights obtained the co-ordinates of the turn of the
bilge points of the central, pre-designed, frames without the need for making drawings.
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Paris 2017 - New MS in Maritime Archaeology and Conservation at Texas A&M University.
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UNITWIN - Paris 2017 - Guidance for Nautical Archaeology Students
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UNITWIN - Kemer 2015
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UNITWIN - Kemer 2015
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UNITWIN - Kemer 2015
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L'identification à Montréal d'un astrolabe nautique inconnu des spécialistes a motivé un examen de ces instruments conservés au Canada et en France. L'astrolabe nautique permet la prise d'élévation du soleil ou de l'étoile polaire et,... more
L'identification à Montréal d'un astrolabe nautique inconnu des spécialistes a motivé un examen de ces instruments conservés au Canada et en France. L'astrolabe nautique permet la prise d'élévation du soleil ou de l'étoile polaire et, ainsi, le calcul de la latitude où l'on se trouve. Celui de Montréal, fabriqué à Lisbonne en 1631, appartient à la collection historique des pères sulpiciens. Le contexte de son acquisition étant inconnu, ce travail évalue son lien possible avec les sulpiciens René Bréhant de Galinée, navigateur, et Jean Cavelier, frère du célèbre explorateur Cavelier de La Salle. L'étude considère ensuite l'instrument au sein du corpus de 11 astrolabes nautiques connus en sol canadien et français. Fabriquées en Espagne, en France et au Portugal, ces pièces jettent une lumière sur l'évolution des pratiques de navigation dans l' Atlantique septentrional aux xvi e et xvii e siècles. Ce travail identifie Honfleur comme lieu de fabrication en France. Les astrolabes nautiques participèrent à la construction sociale d'un savoir maritime scientifique lié à l'État, processus impliquant des ordres religieux dont celui des sulpiciens de Montréal. • The identification in Montréal of a nautical astrolabe previously unknown to specialists has prompted a new look at instruments of this type held in Canada and France. Mariners used the astrolabe to measure the elevation of the sun or the North Star and thus calculate their latitude. Cast in Lisbon in 1631, the Montreal instrument belongs to the historical collection of the Sulpician fathers. Since the context of its acquisition is unknown, this study examines a possible link with two Sulpicians-René Bréhant de Galinée, navigator, and Jean Cavelier, brother of the famous explorer Cavelier de La Salle. This research then considers the instrument within the corpus of 11 nautical astrolabes known in Canada and France. Made in Spain, France, and Portugal, these pieces shed light on the evolution of navigation practices in the North Atlantic in the 16th and 17th centuries. This study identifies Honfleur as a production centre in France. Nautical astrolabes played a role in the social construction of scientific maritime knowledge tied to the State, a process that involved religious orders, including the Montréal Sulpicians.
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This is the version from June 2018, with 109 specimens.
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A substantial portion of the known surviving marine astrolabes has been recovered from shipwrecks and is eroded, making their identification and provenance difficult to establish.
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Check the second link in "files" below: https://nadl.tamu.edu/ This project aimed at developing a digital library of artifacts gathered in the domain of Nautical Archaeology and using it to examine tools and their application in the... more
Check the second link in "files" below: https://nadl.tamu.edu/
This project aimed at developing a digital library of artifacts gathered in the domain of Nautical Archaeology and using it to examine tools and their application in the day-to-day scholarly practice in the area. The specific goal of the project was to design, implement, and evaluate a framework that would:
- efficiently catalog, store, and manage artifacts and ship remains along its associated data and information produced by an underwater archaeological excavation;
- integrate heterogeneous data sources from different media to facilitate research work and handle uncertainty in data and structure;
- incorporate historic sources to help in the study of current artifacts
develop visualization tools to help researchers manipulate, observe, study, and analyze artifacts and their relationships;
- develop algorithm and visualization based mechanisms for ship reconstruction, i.e., to determine where recovered pieces and fragments fit in a whole.
The project was a collaborative effort of researchers in Texas A&M University's Center for the Study of Digital Libraries (CSDL) and Nautical Archaeology Program (NAP). The project drew its materials from the extensive collection of artifacts gathered from a shipwreck in Portugal as well as the extensive archives collected at the NAP during field studies over the past 32 years.
This project was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IIS-0534314. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
This project aimed at developing a digital library of artifacts gathered in the domain of Nautical Archaeology and using it to examine tools and their application in the day-to-day scholarly practice in the area. The specific goal of the project was to design, implement, and evaluate a framework that would:
- efficiently catalog, store, and manage artifacts and ship remains along its associated data and information produced by an underwater archaeological excavation;
- integrate heterogeneous data sources from different media to facilitate research work and handle uncertainty in data and structure;
- incorporate historic sources to help in the study of current artifacts
develop visualization tools to help researchers manipulate, observe, study, and analyze artifacts and their relationships;
- develop algorithm and visualization based mechanisms for ship reconstruction, i.e., to determine where recovered pieces and fragments fit in a whole.
The project was a collaborative effort of researchers in Texas A&M University's Center for the Study of Digital Libraries (CSDL) and Nautical Archaeology Program (NAP). The project drew its materials from the extensive collection of artifacts gathered from a shipwreck in Portugal as well as the extensive archives collected at the NAP during field studies over the past 32 years.
This project was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IIS-0534314. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
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This chapter analyses the functionality and applicability of procedural computer-based modelling techniques in the field of nautical archaeology. To demonstrate this approach, an interactive procedural model of the lower hull timbers of a... more
This chapter analyses the functionality and applicability of procedural computer-based modelling techniques in the field of nautical archaeology. To demonstrate this approach, an interactive procedural model of the lower hull timbers of a sixteenth-century European merchant ship was developed through a process of prototype implementation, and an evaluation of the usefulness and effectiveness of the prototypes developed was carried out using the timbers from the hull remains of the Belinho 1 shipwreck, found in Portugal in 2014. The 3D model was created using Houdini, a procedural node-based 3D software package. A basic collection of the main timber components of a ship’s lower hull was defined, and functional rules were created for each timber, based on real-world ship design and construction processes. Then the rules were incorporated into the logic of the procedural modelling algorithm, and the resulting model was changed by using the Belinho 1 shipwreck scantlings. The results, which will be discussed, were satisfactory, except for the planking, which is a very complex part of the shipbuilding process and deserves future attention.
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Cultural heritage (CH) resources are very heterogeneous since the information was collected from vast diversity of cultural sites and digitally recorded in different formats. With the progress of 3D technologies , photogrammetry... more
Cultural heritage (CH) resources are very heterogeneous since the information was collected from vast diversity of cultural sites and digitally recorded in different formats. With the progress of 3D technologies , photogrammetry techniques become the adopted solution for representing CH artifacts by turning photos from small finds, to entire landscapes, into accurate 3D models. To meet knowledge representation with cultural heritage photogrammetry, this paper proposes an ontology-profiling method for modeling a real case of archaeological amphorae. The ontological profile consists of all needed information to represent a CH resource including typology attributes, geo-spatial information and photogrammetry process. An example illustrating the applicability of this profiling method to the problem of CH resources conceptualization is presented. We also outline our perspectives for using ontologies in data-driven science, in particular on modeling a complete pipeline that manages both the photogrammetric process and the archaeological knowledge.
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Cultural heritage (CH) resources are very diverse, heterogeneous , discontinuous and subject to possible updates and revisions in nature. The use of semantic web technologies associated with 3D graph-ical tools is proposed to improve the... more
Cultural heritage (CH) resources are very diverse, heterogeneous , discontinuous and subject to possible updates and revisions in nature. The use of semantic web technologies associated with 3D graph-ical tools is proposed to improve the access, the exploration, the mining and the enrichment of this CH data in a standardized and more struc-tured form. This paper presents a new ontology-based tool that allows to visualize spatial clustering over 3D distribution of CH artifacts. The data that we are processing consists of the archaeological shipwreck " Xlendi, Malta " , which was collected by photogrammtry and modeled by the Ar-penteur ontology. Following semantic web best practices, the produced CH dataset was published as linked open data (LOD).
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One of the main goals of the Nautical Archaeology Digital Library (NADL) is to assist nautical archaeologists in the reconstruction of ancient ships and the study of shipbuilding techniques. Ship reconstruction is a specialized task that... more
One of the main goals of the Nautical Archaeology Digital Library
(NADL) is to assist nautical archaeologists in the reconstruction of ancient ships and the study of shipbuilding techniques. Ship reconstruction is a specialized task that requires supporting materials such as reference to fragments and timbers recovered from other excavations and consultation of shipbuilding treatises. The latter are manuscripts written in a variety of languages and spanning several centuries. Due to their diverse provenance,
technical content, and time of writing, shipbuilding treatises are complex written sources. In this paper we discuss a digital library approach to handle these manuscripts and their multilingual properties (often including unknown terms and concepts), and how scholars in different countries are collaborating in this endeavor. Our collection of treatises raises interesting challenges and provides a glimpse of the relationship between texts and illustrations, and their mapping to physical objects.
(NADL) is to assist nautical archaeologists in the reconstruction of ancient ships and the study of shipbuilding techniques. Ship reconstruction is a specialized task that requires supporting materials such as reference to fragments and timbers recovered from other excavations and consultation of shipbuilding treatises. The latter are manuscripts written in a variety of languages and spanning several centuries. Due to their diverse provenance,
technical content, and time of writing, shipbuilding treatises are complex written sources. In this paper we discuss a digital library approach to handle these manuscripts and their multilingual properties (often including unknown terms and concepts), and how scholars in different countries are collaborating in this endeavor. Our collection of treatises raises interesting challenges and provides a glimpse of the relationship between texts and illustrations, and their mapping to physical objects.
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""In Nautical Archaeology, the study of components and objects creates a complex environment for scholars and researchers. Nautical archaeologists access, manipulate, study, and consult a variety of sources from different media,... more
""In Nautical Archaeology, the study of components and objects creates
a complex environment for scholars and researchers. Nautical archaeologists
access, manipulate, study, and consult a variety of sources from different
media, geographical origins, ages, and languages. Representing underwater excavations
is a challenging endeavor due to the large amount of information and
data in heterogeneous media and sources that must be structured, segmented,
categorized, indexed, and integrated. We are creating a Nautical Archaeology
Digital Library that will a) efficiently catalog, store, and manage artifacts and
ship remains along with associated information from underwater archeological
excavations, b) integrate heterogeneous data sources in different media to facilitate
research work, c) incorporate historic sources to help in the study of current
artifacts, d) provide visualization tools to help researchers manipulate, observe,
study, and analyze artifacts and their relationships; and e) incorporate algorithm
and visualization based mechanisms for ship reconstruction.""
a complex environment for scholars and researchers. Nautical archaeologists
access, manipulate, study, and consult a variety of sources from different
media, geographical origins, ages, and languages. Representing underwater excavations
is a challenging endeavor due to the large amount of information and
data in heterogeneous media and sources that must be structured, segmented,
categorized, indexed, and integrated. We are creating a Nautical Archaeology
Digital Library that will a) efficiently catalog, store, and manage artifacts and
ship remains along with associated information from underwater archeological
excavations, b) integrate heterogeneous data sources in different media to facilitate
research work, c) incorporate historic sources to help in the study of current
artifacts, d) provide visualization tools to help researchers manipulate, observe,
study, and analyze artifacts and their relationships; and e) incorporate algorithm
and visualization based mechanisms for ship reconstruction.""
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Este projecto, teve como objectivo proceder à reconstrução de uma nau quinhentista, com base em informação arqueológica e documental, e analisar as suas características físicas e o seu desempenho. Com base nas fontes iconográficas,... more
Este projecto, teve como objectivo proceder à reconstrução de uma nau quinhentista, com base em informação arqueológica e documental, e analisar as suas características físicas e o seu desempenho. Com base nas fontes iconográficas, documentos da época e nas peças encontradas no fundo do rio Tejo junto ao forte de São Julião da Barra (referentes a uma nau naufragada em 1606), é possível estabelecer configurações plausíveis para o desenho das formas do casco e aparelho destes navios, e testá-los por meio de processos científicos, em ambientes controlados.
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O trabalho de investigação que aqui se apresenta pretende recuperar uma componente do património histórico de Portugal, ou seja, pretende fazer uma reconstrução virtual duma Nau da Índia Quinhentista e avaliar as suas características... more
O trabalho de investigação que aqui se apresenta pretende recuperar uma componente do património histórico de Portugal, ou seja, pretende fazer uma reconstrução virtual duma Nau da Índia Quinhentista e avaliar as suas características técnicas e de desempenho como máquina de navegar e de habitar. A Nau da Índia é o tipo de navio mais significativo utilizado pelos portugueses ao longo de vários séculos na chamada Carreira da Índia.
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The stability characteristics of 16th century ships are not known with certainty, but safety issues related to floatability, stability and overloading were a cause of concern at the time. The aim of the paper is to advance knowledge in... more
The stability characteristics of 16th century ships are not known with certainty, but safety issues related to floatability, stability and overloading were a cause of concern at the time. The aim of the paper is to advance knowledge in this field by developing a set of loading conditions for a typical Portuguese ship of this epoch, for both the voyage from Lisbon to India and the return voyage. This allows testing the reconstruction of the presumable Nossa Senhora dos Mártires as well as to use this reconstruction to
bring a better understanding of safety and loading issues on the Portuguese East India route. Given the uncertainties about the loading conditions, several hypotheses are tested, varying the amount of ballast, the degree of overloading and the distribution of weights on board, and allowing the development of a range of plausible loading arrangements. The stability of the ship is then assessed using modern tools to develop the limit KG curve for compliance with a modern stability criterion applicable to large sailing vessels. The case study ship is a plausible reconstruction based on the analysis of nautical archaeological remains, contemporary documents and the use of modern naval architecture methods.
bring a better understanding of safety and loading issues on the Portuguese East India route. Given the uncertainties about the loading conditions, several hypotheses are tested, varying the amount of ballast, the degree of overloading and the distribution of weights on board, and allowing the development of a range of plausible loading arrangements. The stability of the ship is then assessed using modern tools to develop the limit KG curve for compliance with a modern stability criterion applicable to large sailing vessels. The case study ship is a plausible reconstruction based on the analysis of nautical archaeological remains, contemporary documents and the use of modern naval architecture methods.
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This article is part of a series of papers on the attempts to reconstruct and understand an early-17th-century Portuguese Indiaman based on the archaeological remains of the presumed Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, a Portuguese nau that sank... more
This article is part of a series of papers on the attempts to reconstruct and understand an early-17th-century Portuguese Indiaman based on the archaeological remains of the presumed Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, a Portuguese nau that sank at the mouth of the Tagus River, Portugal, in September 1606. With the help of 3-D computer software, the authors try to understand how the interior space of this ship was used and occupied, and propose a plausible size, weight, and configuration for the cargo storage, which will be tested in terms of the fully loaded ship’s intact stability. The result is intended as a theoretical model of a ca. 1600 Portuguese nau. Only further archaeological probing will tell whether it is an accurate model or not.
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The Portuguese sailed yearly on the India Route during over two centuries, between the early XVI century and the XVIII century. Most ships employed in this route belonged to the Nau type and were among the largest and strongest ships of... more
The Portuguese sailed yearly on the India Route during over two centuries, between the early XVI century and the XVIII century. Most ships employed in this route belonged to the Nau type and were among the largest and strongest ships of their time. Although extremely interesting, there is presently very little knowledge about the technical characteristics of these ships. The reason
is that they were built in a pre-industrial era when technical design and documentation procedures almost did not exist. The method that is presently being applied by the authors to investigate the technical characteristics of these ancient ships combines the analysis of archaeological remains, the interpretation of contemporary texts on shipbuilding and modern Naval Architecture
techniques.
The paper starts by describing the ship wreck discovered recently at the mouth of the Tagus River, known as the Pepper Wreck, which was identified as the Portuguese ship Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, lost in this place on its return voyage from Cochim, in India, on September 14, 1606. This is the first significant ship wreck of a Portuguese Nau comprehensively excavated and analyzed by Nautical Archeologists and in fact the resulting data made possible the study presented here. Based on the analysis of the archaeological remains and on contemporary texts, including Portuguese shipbuilding treatises, a reconstruction of the lines plan and rigging is proposed, as well as the lightweight and cargo distribution on board. The cargo spaces resulting from the reconstruction of the hull are evaluated using ancient tonnage measurement techniques and modern Naval Architecture
techniques to evaluate the cargo capacity of the ship. The intact floatability and stability of the ship are also investigated and compared with a modern stability criterion appropriate for large sailing vessels.
is that they were built in a pre-industrial era when technical design and documentation procedures almost did not exist. The method that is presently being applied by the authors to investigate the technical characteristics of these ancient ships combines the analysis of archaeological remains, the interpretation of contemporary texts on shipbuilding and modern Naval Architecture
techniques.
The paper starts by describing the ship wreck discovered recently at the mouth of the Tagus River, known as the Pepper Wreck, which was identified as the Portuguese ship Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, lost in this place on its return voyage from Cochim, in India, on September 14, 1606. This is the first significant ship wreck of a Portuguese Nau comprehensively excavated and analyzed by Nautical Archeologists and in fact the resulting data made possible the study presented here. Based on the analysis of the archaeological remains and on contemporary texts, including Portuguese shipbuilding treatises, a reconstruction of the lines plan and rigging is proposed, as well as the lightweight and cargo distribution on board. The cargo spaces resulting from the reconstruction of the hull are evaluated using ancient tonnage measurement techniques and modern Naval Architecture
techniques to evaluate the cargo capacity of the ship. The intact floatability and stability of the ship are also investigated and compared with a modern stability criterion appropriate for large sailing vessels.
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This report refers to the collection of 23 pieces of pewter flatware found in the archaeological complex of São Julião da Barra, on the mouth of the Tagus river, near Lisbon, Portugal.
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São Julião da Barra Artifact Catalog 1996-1999. Authors: Sarah Brigadier and Anthony Randolph.
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49 The Arade 1 shipwreck. A small ship at the mouth of the Arade river, Portugal Filipe Castro Introduction The mouth of the Arade River has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age. Some scholars believe that Portus Hanibalis, an... more
49 The Arade 1 shipwreck. A small ship at the mouth of the Arade river, Portugal Filipe Castro Introduction The mouth of the Arade River has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age. Some scholars believe that Portus Hanibalis, an important harbour built by the Carthaginian ...
Situated on the southern coast of Portugal, the Arade River mouth has been visited and inhabited for over three millennia. Dredging operations, in the first and last decades of the 20th century, brought up the importance of Arade’s... more
Situated on the southern coast of Portugal, the Arade River mouth has been visited and inhabited for over three millennia.
Dredging operations, in the first and last decades of the 20th century, brought up the importance of Arade’s cultural heritage
and triggered a large-scale project of study, survey, and archaeological excavation. This project is conducted by Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática, the Portuguese agency for nautical archaeology, under the direction of Francisco Alves, and with the support of both local and state authorities. This paper is a preliminary assessment of the finds made so far.
Dredging operations, in the first and last decades of the 20th century, brought up the importance of Arade’s cultural heritage
and triggered a large-scale project of study, survey, and archaeological excavation. This project is conducted by Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática, the Portuguese agency for nautical archaeology, under the direction of Francisco Alves, and with the support of both local and state authorities. This paper is a preliminary assessment of the finds made so far.
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Creado hace cuatro décadas aproximadamente el Programa de Arqueología Náutica de la Universidad de Texas A&M ha promovido intervenciones arqueológicas en más de tres docenas de países del mundo entero con el apoyo del Instituto de... more
Creado hace cuatro décadas aproximadamente el Programa de Arqueología Náutica de la Universidad de Texas A&M ha promovido intervenciones arqueológicas en más de tres docenas de países del mundo entero con el apoyo del Instituto de Arqueología Náutica, organización no lucrativa ubicada en dicha universidad. Las relaciones entre la Universidad de Texas A&M y Puerto Rico se establecieron
hace tres decenios.
hace tres decenios.
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This paper presents the latest results of the ongoing historical and archaeological research on Gagliana grossa, a merchantman built in Venice in 1569. It sunk while travelling from Venice to Constantinople, in November of 1583, near the... more
This paper presents the latest results of the ongoing historical and archaeological research on Gagliana grossa, a merchantman built in Venice in 1569. It sunk while travelling from Venice to Constantinople, in November of 1583, near the small island of Gnalic, not far away from Biograd na moru, in today’s Croatia.
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Since the mid-19th century the use of photographic images to determine the dimensions and shape objects have not stopped evolving. Commercial, off-the-shelf software allows quick and accurate recordings of objects using small portable... more
Since the mid-19th century the use of photographic images to determine the dimensions and shape objects have not stopped evolving. Commercial, off-the-shelf software allows quick and accurate recordings of objects using small portable computers. Recording archaeological objects, however, is a complex task that requires knowledge and experience. This paper will describe the recording of the Gnalić shipwreck site during the 2013 excavation season and attempt to evaluate the advantages and shortcomings of computerized mapping.
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"Although officially registered in 1967, the Gnalić site was discovered in the early 1960s and in the interim much of the material found its way into private collections in Belgium. The first three rescue campaigns were organized in 1967... more
"Although officially registered in 1967, the Gnalić site was discovered in the early 1960s and in the interim much of the material found its way into private collections in Belgium. The first three rescue campaigns were organized in 1967 and 1968, while the next two followed in 1972 and 1973. A short excavation campaign took place in 1996 in order to renew the excavation and initiate protective measures of the wreck site. Due to administrative complications the attempt remained without success.
Forty five years after the first campaign, in the summer of 2012, a joint team from the University of Zadar and Texas A&M University carried out a testing excavation season on the Gnalić shipwreck site, identified as the large merchantman Gagliana grossa, lost in 1583 on its way from Venice to Constantinople.
Thanks to the remarkable results of the archaeological and historical research, the support of the local government and the involvement of many Croatian and foreign institutions, the project entitled “The Shipwreck of Gnalić – Mirror of Renaissance Europe” was launched, encompassing the continuation of research into the shipwreck itself and its natural, cultural and historical context; the improvement of the condition of finds removed during earlier research and the formation of an education/presentation/research centre."
Forty five years after the first campaign, in the summer of 2012, a joint team from the University of Zadar and Texas A&M University carried out a testing excavation season on the Gnalić shipwreck site, identified as the large merchantman Gagliana grossa, lost in 1583 on its way from Venice to Constantinople.
Thanks to the remarkable results of the archaeological and historical research, the support of the local government and the involvement of many Croatian and foreign institutions, the project entitled “The Shipwreck of Gnalić – Mirror of Renaissance Europe” was launched, encompassing the continuation of research into the shipwreck itself and its natural, cultural and historical context; the improvement of the condition of finds removed during earlier research and the formation of an education/presentation/research centre."
Uma viagem na Carreira da India cerca de 1600
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Inventário de Astrolábios do ShipLAB, Texas A&M University
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NADL: Communication presented at the 2020 Annual Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Boston Jan 8-11.
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III International Eurasian Maritime History Congress
Istanbul, Pîrî Reis University, 10-11 May 2018
Istanbul, Pîrî Reis University, 10-11 May 2018
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The Renaissance Shipwrecks from Chrstianshavn is yet another wonderful book from the Danish Viking Ship Museum series “Ships and Boats of the North,” which is edited by Ole Crumlin-Pedersen. In the foreword, Thijs Maarleveld states that... more
The Renaissance Shipwrecks from Chrstianshavn is yet another wonderful book from the Danish Viking Ship Museum series “Ships and Boats of the North,” which is edited by Ole Crumlin-Pedersen. In the foreword, Thijs Maarleveld states that this series “was devised with the aim of presenting important ship-finds in their wider cultural-historical context,” and these ship-finds are indeed of enormous importance from that point of view, because they provide information that covers a large gap in the history of northern seafaring.
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Underwater and maritime archaeology in Latin America and the Caribbean, Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton and Pilar L. Erreguerena, eds. Waldnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2008, 314 pp. $79.00, cloth.
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Wiley Online Library. International Journal of Nautical ArchaeologyVolume 35, Issue 2, Article first published online: 19 SEP 2006. ...
Wiley Online Library. International Journal of Nautical ArchaeologyVolume 38, Issue 2, Article first published online: 10 AUG 2009. ...
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Shipwreck stories have the potential to attract the attention of a wide public in different ways. Based on the Portuguese situation, of a country with a mythical past connected to the sea but a public policy for maritime archeology that... more
Shipwreck stories have the potential to attract the attention of a wide public in different ways. Based on the Portuguese situation, of a country with a mythical past connected to the sea but a public policy for maritime archeology that lacks vision, purpose, or strategy and tends to exclude the public, this paper proposes a reflection on the social value of archeology and the potential it has for education and entertainment.
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Research Interests: Archaeology, Geology, Geophysics, Geoarchaeology, Atlantic World, and 15 moreIberian Studies, Phoenician, Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Atlantic history, Nautical Archaeology, Marine Archaeology, Paleogeography, Ancient Mediterranean ports, Nautical, Delta, Estuary, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Atlantic History, Ancient Mediterranean Harbours, and Mer
During the winter of 2013/14 a number of violent storms and related surges exposed a remarkable shipwreck site—tentatively dated to the early or mid-16th century—containing a timber assemblage, hundreds of pewter plates and other... more
During the winter of 2013/14 a number of violent storms and related surges exposed a remarkable shipwreck site—tentatively dated to the early or mid-16th century—containing a timber assemblage, hundreds of pewter plates and other artefacts on Belinho beach, near Esposende in the north of Portugal. An international team was assembled including archaeologists from the Esposende city council and researchers from the ForSEAdiscovery Project. The objective of this project was to join a number of different experts and explore innovative methodologies to record and analyse ship timbers with forest management and timber supply networks in the Age of Discoveries. A key recording strategy included the use of a Faro-Arm digitiser to record wood grain and timber conversion, together with photogrammetry, which was used to represent the timber surfaces. The compounded digital models were processed with Rhinoceros 3D modelling software. The collected data allowed researchers to model and develop r...
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This is a seventh draft of a catalogue of early modern European wooden hull remains, part of Charles Bendig' and Arnaud Cazenave de la Roche's research, and an invitation to all interested scholars to collaborate. Our main... more
This is a seventh draft of a catalogue of early modern European wooden hull remains, part of Charles Bendig' and Arnaud Cazenave de la Roche's research, and an invitation to all interested scholars to collaborate. Our main objective is to make all data available to all scholars and in the process try to standardize the recording of this type of hull remains so that we can make databases (as paleontologists do) that may allow comparative studies. Publication Name: ShipLAB Report 28 - Draft 7 Show less ▴
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This talk will focus on the importance of the maritime cultural heritage and the challenges and opportunities created by the find, recording, excavation and publication of archaeological finds. It will make the point for the importance of... more
This talk will focus on the importance of the maritime cultural heritage and the challenges and opportunities created by the find, recording, excavation and publication of archaeological finds. It will make the point for the importance of the submerged cultural heritage, the reasons to preserve it, the value of archaeological remains, the importance of sharing them with a diverse public, the best ways to share and protect it, and the basic rules to reconstruct historical environments.
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Research Interests: Geography, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Ethics, Historical Archaeology, and 15 moreConservation, Maritime History, Heritage Conservation, Conservation theory and ethics, Nautical Archaeology, Academic Publishing, Ethics in archaeology, Navigation, Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, Artifacts, History of Navigation, Seafaring, astrolabe and Arabic astronomy, Issues In Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, and Astrolabes
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The survival of late medieval Mediterranean techniques to conceive and build ships and boats in Brazil was noted by John Patrick Sarsfield in the 1980s, but his study of the Valença shipwrights was interrupted by his untimely death in... more
The survival of late medieval Mediterranean techniques to conceive and build ships and boats in Brazil was noted by John Patrick Sarsfield in the 1980s, but his study of the Valença shipwrights was interrupted by his untimely death in 1990. This paper summarizes Sarsfield's account of these shipbuilding techniques, examines that published by Lev Smarcevski (1996), and provides some preliminary results of the pilot stage of a project to further research traditional shipbuilding in Valença and the Baía de Todos os Santos region.
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Almost three decades ago J. Richard Steffy (in: Tzalas (ed) Tropis II, pro- ceedings of the 2nd international symposium on ship construction in antiquity. Athens, pp 315–320, 1990, in: Tzalas (ed) Tropis III, proceedings of the 3rd... more
Almost three decades ago J. Richard Steffy (in: Tzalas (ed) Tropis II, pro- ceedings of the 2nd international symposium on ship construction in antiquity. Athens, pp 315–320, 1990, in: Tzalas (ed) Tropis III, proceedings of the 3rd international sym- posium on ship construction in antiquity. Athens, pp 417–428, 1995) voiced the need to standardize the recording and publication of shipwrecks. Cluster analysis of construction features is difficult if archaeologists record different and non-overlapping features. This paper discusses the necessity to standardize the recording and publishing of a set of consistent and compatible basic construction features when archaeologists assess, survey, or excavate wooden shipwrecks and proposes a methodology for the recording of wooden hulls. It also emphasizes the urgency of a wide and complete sharing of archaeological information in maritime archaeology.
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Una de las cuestiones más difícil de determinar durante el estudio de los restos arqueológicos de un pecio es la referida a su tonelaje original. Esta comunicación presenta los resultados preliminares del estudio realizado en el Ship Lab... more
Una de las cuestiones más difícil de determinar durante el estudio de los restos arqueológicos de un pecio es la referida a su tonelaje original. Esta comunicación presenta los resultados preliminares del estudio realizado en el Ship Lab del Nautical Archaelogy Program (Texas A&M) acerca de los métodos de arqueamiento utilizados en España desde finales del siglo XVI a principios del siglo XVII. El valor del arqueamiento de un buque era de gran importancia ya su tonelaje determinaba sus características constructivas y el valor de la compensación económica del embargo, el sistema mediante el cual el monarca requisaba buques para sus necesidades navales. De la misma forma, el valor del arqueamiento de los buques también se encontraba en la base del sistema impositivo de la monarquía en relación al comercio ultramarino. El presente estudio pretende determinar si es posible establecer una correlación entre las diferentes formulas de arqueamiento proporcionadas por los diversos tratados navales de inicios de la Edad Moderna y los escasos restos materiales de pecios ibéricos excavados hasta la fecha.
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In recent years archaeologists have been using a variety of computing technology to speed up research and make information much easier to access, manipulate, and analyze. I propose a Digital Library framework that will assist nautical... more
In recent years archaeologists have been using a variety of computing technology to speed up research and make information much easier to access, manipulate, and analyze. I propose a Digital Library framework that will assist nautical archaeologists in their research work, enhancing the dissemination of archaeological findings and seafaring related information to the general public. In this essay I will
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Shipbuilding treatises are technical manuscripts written in a variety of languages and spanning several centuries that describe the construction of ships. Given their technical content, understanding terms, concepts, and construction... more
Shipbuilding treatises are technical manuscripts written in a variety of languages and spanning several centuries that describe the construction of ships. Given their technical content, understanding terms, concepts, and construction sequences is a challenging task. In this paper we describe a scalable approach and a multilingual web-based interface for enabling a group of scholars to edit a glossary of nautical
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R E S U M O Afundada em 1804 pela Marinha Inglesa ao largo da costa do Algarve, a fragata Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes transformou-se num mito dos caçadores de tesouros, na segunda metade do século XX. Embora a sua carga dificilmente... more
R E S U M O Afundada em 1804 pela Marinha Inglesa ao largo da costa do Algarve, a fragata Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes transformou-se num mito dos caçadores de tesouros, na segunda metade do século XX. Embora a sua carga dificilmente possa constituir um tesouro, a ...
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... Case studies: 5.2. Ragioni Antique dell'arte del mare et fabricar vasselli and Pre Teodoro de Nicolo's Instructione sul modo di fabricare galere ... London: Chatham Publishing, 1999. Vaughan, Adrian,... more
... Case studies: 5.2. Ragioni Antique dell'arte del mare et fabricar vasselli and Pre Teodoro de Nicolo's Instructione sul modo di fabricare galere ... London: Chatham Publishing, 1999. Vaughan, Adrian, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. London: John Murray, 1991. 14.3. ...
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As archaeologists find new ways to pull precious data
from wrecks, they are squaring off against those
salvaging ships for profit.
from wrecks, they are squaring off against those
salvaging ships for profit.
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"A unique methodology has married nautical archaeology with history, engineering and computer science to ‘rebuild’ a ship type not seen in centuries."
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Reconstrução da nau Nossa Senhora dos Mártires no Alfeite, por engenheiros e arqueólogos navais.
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The NADL website is intended as a platform for the divulgation of scholarly work in maritime archaeology, developed in the ShipLAB or with the collaboration of the ShipLAB. It aims at a wide public and was conceived as a platform to... more
The NADL website is intended as a platform for the divulgation of scholarly work in maritime archaeology, developed in the ShipLAB or with the collaboration of the ShipLAB. It aims at a wide public and was conceived as a platform to share our work and include the participation of non-professionals.
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2021 ShipLAB Research Portfolio.
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2021 ShipLAB Research Portfolio.