!" #$% && Vida indevida? As acções por e a dignidade da vida humana. ' ( ) , * 0 1 21( ( Abstract. ( 1( , , ( 0 ( *. 7 7, 7, ( . *. Keywords: ( 7, * 4 5 ( . ( 7 (7 9( 7 ( 1 , , , 32 6 .( 1 * , * 7 * , *. , 5/ 8 * ( ( 7 6 . ( (7 ; /< * 7 , 1 7 , ( , 1 1 ( : , * * ( * *+ - . /. , ( 7, , ( ( , 7 1( * 1 , ( , * , * * * , 1 . / = , / / Resumo. ! .( ( 7 * .( 1 * 1 ( * . > ( .(?.( * * . .( ( * .( @ * 6 ?( ( .( , * > . (* * 0 ( 7, , 5/ 2 ( * ( A( , > ( 1 B@ * * 6 B@ .( . ( ( ( C . * 9 ( @ (: > ( @ ; /! . B+ @ * * * > 1 * * * , D / * > B+ ( 7, , @ * * . 1 * E * ( . . 7 * *. ( ( 1 B@ * * 6 B@ > 7 ( * * * *F * B+ / Palavras chave: ( , (2 E (( * . ( ( G ( . @ 1 * HA / 2 / 8 I ' ( ) *+ 1. O problema: as 2 , 1 B@ D * J * * .( . *. , ( . ( (7 * *. ; (7 .( 1 * / K * * 7 ? .( . (* ( ( B@ * , F / K .( 7( D E (F * . (, B * D * , * (7 * facti species *> .( ( > ( *. B@ ( * " .( 7 ( ( 08 L 2 ) K " s5/ H . 1 ,7 ( ( * .(?.( > 9 :/ + > @ 1 ( * . > .(?.( * * .( E F6 . 6 ( * .( @ * 6 ?( ( > * . (* * / 2> @ , . .( * ( 6 M 7 . ;.( @ wrongful life ( 6F C ( . (9 (( :/ 2 ,7 ( . * * * ( B . ( ( 7( , .( ( * * , (* B+ . F ( * estado da arte médica/ ! . * , D .( 7( E * ( * ( .( , B+ J * 7 7D @ ( * * N*1 7 ? .( @ ( * , (* * . *. * (( *. ( * 7( 6 / 2 ;.( @ wrongful life , 6 . .( * ( 6 * &# Zepeda vs. Zepeda . ( * ( 1 /K * ( 7 ( 6 . ( ( . B@ F 9* ( : 0wrongful death5 .( 7 , ( > > ( B@ * > * / > B+ . ( wrongful death ( * > , . (* * 7 > * > ( ( B+ . ( wrongful life > ( ( (* 0HK< ! & " 5/ * * . ( * > @ * ( * . C . (7 1 ( 7 * ( .( . ( . ( .(?.( * ( * /! . @ . ( * * 9 * ( :* K )2 ' 2)2 &" # 5/ * > . * ( 9 : 0H2 ! 2 (* 7 1 . ( (( , 7 * ( ( ;.( @ wrongful life . ( B+ .( . . . B+ > * * * .(?.( ( B /H * , ) , (* . * . 7 ( * (@ . (* (/ $ E / (/ $ H? 7 ( ( / $ 2O 4 > J , , * ( * . ( H? 7 0 (( 1 C( (* H / .B@ * 6 B@ ( .( 7( 7 6 @ . F 5 1 * . ( 1 * (( .B@ 7( 6/ > * 8 I P2 B@ ( . ( wrongful life 7 * / ( B > ( ( .( * @ * (7 .(?.( * " * , D > @ ; ( * 7 / ! N*1 B+ . ( wrongful life . * 7 ( . B+ * / ( * B+ ( . ( B ( * *1 .( 7 ( * , * * .( ( B@ 1 ( B@ * ( 9 * 7 :/ * ( *. ( * ( B , ( * * F ,F O * /Q > . ( ; *. B+ .( . . ( , *@ ; . > * ( * 7( 6 ( B@ * / *@ > ( * ( * * . A ( ( B+ .( . . ( B ( * . ( @ ( * , ( . , (* B+ A( > ( * * .( F. C (( .B@ 7( 6 * / F. wrongful life claim . B@ * ,( > /2 > . ( * * ( .( 7 , . * * * 6 B@ por danos sofridos pelo filho. K > .( * 6 ( ,( . própria criança, . ( ( * 7( , D ,F * , D > * @ ( * 1( > @ , (* ( * * .( 7 ( / ) ( > @ * . ( * , (* B+ . * . ( , D > @ , ( * * . > * * ( ( * . . ( 1 ( (/ !@ . , (* ( > * , (* B@ ( ( .( A * R ( *, ( /K* @ *A , (* B@ @ , (* *@ ; D /K* @ .( ( . A . *. B@ , D > (7 (* * 7 F .( / ! * @ ( * 1( , D * F /K *. ( * ( F * ( * * 7( * , 0H2 ! K )2 ' 2)2 &" # 5/ ) ( * )2 2 0 $" # s5 . ( (D * " .( * ( > * @ , (* 0 , (* , * 5 .( 7 ( . 1 ( B ( . ( * B 7 7( 3 7 > A 7 7D B@ * *1( @ . ( *. B@ .( .( ( B@ 0 7 ? .( *. ?( 7 7 53 ( ( > * @ *@ > , ,( * * , (* B@ 7( / Q A( . ( ( > D * @ . ( * ( . ( * , (* B@ .( , /H (A( @ ( * . ( * B@ * > 7 7D * .( . ; ( ( * , 1 ( ( * . ( * A( , ( * > 7 . B+ .(?.( > & 8 I ' ( ) *+ *. ( * * *. > ( B A / ! F. wrongful life @ ; .B@ > ( B A " * , D @ 0S2HT2 SK UUK " 5/ K *. . ( , @ @ * A .( 1 * ; ( . , . 1( arrêt Perruche Cour de Cassation ,( ! *1( 5/ ! (( * 7( F * * , (* B+ . ( , (B ( 1 ( F . *@ / K 8( 1 H B@ ( * *1 . A( > ( B ( * * 6 B@ . (> , * . * . 1 ( ?( * *. . 1 *@ (( *. ( 7( 6 * ( * , / .( * ( 6 * (1 . ( ( * * , . *. , ( / 6 B@ C ( B * @ ,( ( . /2 B+ , ( ( * @ * * ,( ( . * . * , D .(A 1 ( / 1 * > @ 1 ( 7 * , B@ * 7 ? .( /K * 1 ( . * 7 ? .( * B ( * ,( ( , ( . ( 7 ( ( ( . 1 / * > D * 7 B@ 7( , ( * . ( > 7 ( ( 7 ( . 1 0) 2 2 $" 5/ * ( B@ ( B E (F .( . ( affaire 7 ( ,( D .( U / $ S (B 1( ( > J > (* ( 7 ( 7( 1 > 9 7 * . ( ( . ( * .( E F6 . , ( :/ ! ( 7 . > 9 . > * * , * (( * . 1 ( ( . ( B@ > ( , .( ( * , 7( @ . (* * ( * .F B@ :/ ) 7 * * 9 .( : 0pre natal injury 7 ( 7 5> * ( 9 : 0wrongful life5 E 7 * , 0) 2 2 $" %5/ ) ; * . ( ( * 6 9.( E F6 (:/ K 7 ( ,( D .( ( B+ wrongful life ( * ( . ( )( . ( ( . @ , / K .( 1 * wrongful life 7 * ( , ;@ .( , . ( * ( * / * .( * ( 7 ( . *. ( N .(A . . ( * B+ (7 * 6 * ( ,( > D / 2 .( . B@ 7 ( B+ ( * . . * . ( F * 7 ? .( . * B 7 (( J * /8 ( 6 * ( . 1 .( ( .( 1 * .(?.( .B@ 0 ( A ?( 7 . 5 & 8 I P2 (* 7 ( * B+ . ( wrongful life 7 * / ( * .( @ > . .B@ 0 ; * in utero5/ * 7 ( > @ ( . F *A . ( A * * 7 C 7 . ( .( ( ( > , B@ ( ( * . ( @ 1( 7 / (J * ( * . B@ > . (* .( ( . ( . 1 . ( ( * * E * E (F E ,( ( * *.( @ ( * . ( .F 0!M! H !8 &" s5/ * ( 7 > @ @ , 1E .( B@ . 8( 1 H / 8 6 . ( @ * ( ( ? * ( * .( , . )( H ( ( , * ; .B@ , ( 1 H2 ! K )2 ' 2)2 0 &5/ 2 C .( , 7 B@ ( )( H )( H ( * > . ( B@ ,7 ( @ . ( . ( 7*A 9 ( , * :/ K .( 1 * wrongful life ( ( 6 E (F .( * @ * CH B@ * 6> E (F D* ( N (* B@ @ F7 E (F .( 0H2 ! K )2 ' 2)2 &" s5/ ) > ( (* ( 7 .( * ( .( > 9 ( 7 * .J1 1 ( 1 7 . * . . ( *. ( B@ * ( E A( :/ K / (/ $ H B@ .+ > 9 * A :/ ( * / (/ % 1 > 9 7( * ( ,F . A :/ ( 7 C ( 6 ( , * . * , A * E > , ( . ( B@ E (F * (* (/ , * 09 .( ( . ( 1 ( 7 ( @ ( * . A * .J1 .( :5/ K ( C * ( , * . ( . ( / K ( , * ( . ( > (( . * @ @ J ( A / 2 . 1 ( C @ ( *. F * 7 . * 0GKS H2!K8 U<K " $#$5/ . ( B@ . B@ ( 7( ( . 1 > @ * A ( .( 1 * ,F B@ @ ? F . ( * ; * *1 * , B@ (* B@ ,( , B@ J leges artis C 6 .( 7( * B+ D * / 2 ( . 1 ,( > * 6 * , (* .( B@ > ( + ,F / K .( 1 * * .( B . . ( 1 ( )( * 0 5 ( * ( /K9 : .( 1 * + > . * 7( ( B , .( > D / ! & 8 I ' ( ) *+ J * .( 1 * 1 ( * , D ( . ( * * 6A / ! > ( * .(?.( > * / 2 . (7 > 7 " (A * F ; D 9 * ( C @ ; D * 6 B@ . B@ P 2. @ . * : * e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8 I P2 B+ . ( wrongful life 7 * / 2> ( E ( .( D ( . * B@ . ( * * 6 B@ . ( B@ ( C (* B@ 0 * . *@ 5 ( * > . * , * (/ K ( C (* B@ * ( . ( E 1( 7 . ( 7 ( . ( W ( (/ H? 7 H . ( * ( * ; W 0 (/ # / H B@ .J1 ( 7 5/ ) * A + E ( .( (1 ( . ( * ( ( > > ,( * > * (1 * ( * 6 B+ . W. ; . * ( B , * * 6 B@ . * ( . * ( E * .( W @ * 6 ?( .( . ( B . . ( 0) 2 2 $" 5/ ! > ( )( . ( 7 D 7 @ ( .( . 7 . ( ( . 1 6 ( * * > A( * .( * 7 7 * 7 ( @ *.( * ( ( * , (* B@ / ( . 1 (A 1( 7 ( . (* 0 . * ( W , D 5 . C ( B 1 * * @ . (* ( .( B@ . 1 .( ( * (( .B@ 7( 6/ K .( 7 ( . * *1 * ( * ( * * 6 B@ . 7 ( ,F > . ( .( ( * * ( B , 0) 2 2 $" & 5/ ( ? . K2 2 0 &" & 5 , (* J 1( . 1 ( B+ . ( ( 7, 1 ( / ! ( 9 1 A > * * ( B *. ( ( B+ > F1( .( 7 ( *1 * (* > * 1 * @ 7( .(?.( , *F / Q ( > .( 7 ( D* ( * . ( ( . A /S ( . 7 ( B@ * * , * . * * @ . (* :/ K 2 ( *1( '2 UU > 9 @ ( , * X ( * B@ Y 1 * ( * ,( * , ( M2 * 7 ( ( 1 ( :/ 3. Contra: a indisponibilidade do direito à vida H * .( 7 7D * 7(E @ * ( * ( wrongful life * * . * A , D * N*1 & 8 I ' ( ) *+ 7 ? .( @ ( * , (* * . *. * (( *. ( * 7( 6/ 2 .( * ( ( B@ > * ,( * * B@ * > ( * ( * ( @ . ; ( ( ( 6 / <A > * > @ . F ( * * ( . (> . ( * > @ E (F @ * .B+ * ( , ?, ( 7 ?* . F 0 !8K SK!8 K #" 5/ 2 7 * + ( * * * > (1 @ ( * B+ > . ( ( ( > @ . .( 1 * * ( @ E (F / K .( 1 * ( * ?7 , ?, > 7 0 * . ( ; *. * (1 H ,?( Stills Gratton * & #5/ K ( , *> * 1 . B+ ( ( ; 7 ( . ( B@ wrongful life ( * 9 ( : 0 Zepeda / Zepeda EA ( , ( 5/ Q > (1 D* 7 * *. D . ( .( ( * 1( .( 1 * / 2 * ( ( * .J1 @ * ( B / H 1 7 ( ( , ( * B . (. / ! Superintendent of Belchertown State School / Saikewicz & Supreme Court S ( > > * . ( .( 1 * * ( @ . . ( ( * ( / *1 ( .( 1 * > + A( ( * * 1( B ( . 1( . E (F / 7( * * (7 * ( , ( 7( . ( D / 1 *" ( * (7( B@ . . ( * . > 6 ( @ R ( ( 0 @ 5 . B+ * ( * 7 ( * / M* .( . (7 * ( * 1 B+ wrongful life > ( . ( B@ .(?.( ( B .( . ( ( ( *9 ( @ (: *9 ( C @ ; D : ( > @ * > > ( 7( B@ 7 0SK82 !8K %" 5 0 !8K SK!8 K " ss5/ . B@ ( ,( . ( B * 9 . ( ( : .( . > ( B ( * * . * 6 ?( > 9 ( .( , (F @ ; D C ; D * ( N : 0VU 2 K ) 2 &&#" 5/ ) ( * ( * . ( ( . ( B@ ( . ( )( > &$ 8 I P2 B+ . ( wrongful life 7 * / ( * ( .( , (F C , > ( *. F . ( ( ( . ( * * E (F 6 / 6> ( ?7 * F ( * (> @ ( ; ( * public policy , ( ( *.( 1( @ ; D /K 2 ( > , * > B+ @ (A( .( F. ( * .J1 * ,( > * , ? , 7( 7 ZF1 * .( D /K ( ( , ( *> ( C A 0HK< ! & " 5/ 2 * ( 2 ( > ( .( 1 * , B@ 9 * :( E ,( * . B+ / ) , > > , B@ (A( .(?.( *. F ( ( * > > * 1 ,F / ) , (> .(?.( * .( E F6 (( . ( * . 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( .(?.( / ! 1 A * . * 6 B@ . ( . (* * ( ,( . .(?.( ( B .! (1 ( , ( > .( 1 * ( , ( ( B@ , * . . * 6 B@ ( . ,( . ( / ) * *1 ( ( . * 6 ?( * , (* .( * 8( 1 4 B ; * 1 ( .? * , ( wrongful birth action * B@ . ( wrongful life > 2 ( 7( * ( / ?( @ * , (* * ( * )( *. ( . . 7 ( ( . ( 7 > . .( 1 * / ! ( !8K SK!8 K 0 #" 5 ( ( ( > * B@ ( 9 ( C @ ; D 3 ( @ ( 0\5:/ K( ( 9 ( * E (F ( ( C 1 * * ( ( . ( * @ ( C @ ; D / S * > . ( *. B@ 7 * ( C @ * (A F A * *.( * A ( . ( * :/ K2 20 &" &&5 ( VU 2 K ) 2 0 " % ss5 > B+ . ( wrongful life ** J > C ( . ( B@ @ . (* / ! ( 9 B@ , * ( @ ( 0X ( 7 1 1 ( Y5 . ( ( > * ( @ . ( . (A . ( 6 ( * *. ( F @ * ( > (7 * *1 * * * X 1( D . Y/ ( ( @ . F *. ( ( ; D * @ ; D / 2 * * VU 2 K ) 2 > 9.( B@ , ( @ . ; ( ( ( ( ( (:/ ! ?. B+ . ( wrongful life ( * A * 6> 7 * .( 1 ( 7( B@ * * (/ K ( ( *. ( * ( * * 6 B@ . .(?.( * 6> ( C ( (( A / *1 ( (( 1 @ ( . ( ; ( C > ( . ( *A; * ( 1 * . F * 6 > > > ( ( ( B@ A( & 8 I ' ( ) *+ * * ( *.( (A( .( F. ( (/ / H? 7 H / 27 2 ( *1 ( ( E B+ ( * ( ( ( B+ * * 6 B@ . /H * , . ( . ( * 6 B@ . . * , 6 ( * ( B@ C .(?.( ( B > > * > D B@ 7 7 ; *. S ! ] HK ) K0 " 5 (7 * . ( . 1 , B ; B@ ( ( . . ( B@ ( ( , (* (/ * .J1 (* . ( 9 : ( 1 B@ * ( ( ( ( B @ , ,( * /2 * . ( > B@ (A * * 6 B@ 4. A favor: a não contrariedade ao valor da vida 2 . B@ ( ( * .(?.( B+ . ( ( 7, , > A * , (* ;.( *. F ( B .B+ ( 6 * ( ( 7 > *. * * (( A * . ( . 1 / S 1( B+ 1 ( * (7 * B@ ( E B@ > .( * . * (* . B+ ( ( .( * 1 /2( . ( > @ ( * ( . ; * . F ( B .(?.( * * ( ((D .( . ( . 1 0S2HT2 SK UUK " 5/ ! @ *A ( ( *9 1 A( ( : ,( > * ; D * 9 ( @ (: 04 H[ & " % 5/ * ( 6 B@ . ( . . ( (1 ( *.( @ > ( ( * A * . B+ / ! SK82 !8K 0 " #5 , > 9 @ J ( 1 ( * * .( X ( @ (Y * *X ( C @ ; D Y E ,F ( B@ . ( B@ > (( * * * 7 ( * E 7 ( . ( * 7 / 8 B@ *1 ( (( . ( * * .F ( ( , + (> . 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