Dispute

Právní systém a normy raného novověku byly poměrně propracované. Zatímco o některých sporech se nám v archivech zachovaly jen letmé zmínky, o jiných jsme informování poměrně podrobně. Ke druhému ze jmenovaných typů náležel také spor o dědictví náležející Anně Šudové ze Semanína odehrávající se ve 20. letech 17. století. Tento právní konflikt je zajímavý hned z několika důvodů – v podstatě se totiž jednalo o střet mezi měšťany dvou měst (Chrudimě a Nymburka) a navíc v něm figurovali příslušníci šlechtické rodiny žijící trvale ve městě. Pozoruhodný je pak i z obecného hlediska, jelikož ukazuje, jakým způsobem fungovala v některých ohledech ochrana sirotčího majetku a poručnická správa.

Chrudim inheritance of Anna Maria Šudová of Semanín (probe into the inheritance dispute in Chrudim during the Thirty Years War). The described dispute about inheritance is fairly detailed and it is documented by written sources from the 20s of the 17th century. The dispute was a controversy between the two cities burghers (Chrudim and Nymburk). It was attended by members of an aristocratic family who lived permanently in the city. The dispute shows how to operate the protection of property of orphans and how it was managed by curators.

Inherent components of group life, conflicts include both positive and negative aspects from a psycho-social point of view. They can generate chaos and progress, separation and cohesion. More and more specialists believe that conflict management is as important as the other management functions. We can say that there is no organization without conflicts and no social group without disputes. The present paper tries to identify the modality in which conflicts are born, as well as to present various strategies of conflict resolution, on the basis of a cost analysis generated by conflicts at organizational level.

La svolta epocale provocata dalle tecnologie digitali è stata quella di mettere tutti in una condizione di costante confronto. Sui social network diversi mondi – culturali, sociali, religiosi – si incontrano ogni giorno, senza mediazioni e senza filtri. La diversità, che prima era un’ esperienza specifica nella vita, è diventata un aspetto ordinario della realtà. È questa la radice dell’ ostilità online e di quel senso di polarizzazione e contrapposizione che sembra inquinare stabilmente il discorso pubblico. Grazie al web tutti – volenti o nolenti – ci siamo avvicinati, ma questo non ci ha reso automaticamente dei “buoni vicini”: è qualcosa che dobbiamo conquistare giorno per giorno.
Questo testo nasce da una necessità: non impariamo mai a confrontarci efficacemente con il diverso da noi. Non lo studiamo a scuola. Non è detto che ne facciamo esperienza in famiglia. Nei nostri contesti sociali spesso non ne abbiamo occasione. Qualcuno lo impara per professione. Eppure tutti, da quando abbiamo uno smartphone in mano, siamo gettati nel dibattito pubblico, a discutere di temi cruciali per la nostra esistenza, in mezzo ad altri anche molto distanti da noi. Con l’aiuto dei migliori principi della retorica, del media training e della comunicazione di crisi, in questo testo si offre una guida sintetica per imparare a sostenere il proprio punto di vista davanti all’altro che non è d’accordo, senza litigare, ma provandovi gusto e soddisfazione. È la disputa felice.

Transboundary river basins are under increasing pressure due to population growth, agricultural and industrial developments, and climate change, as well as river pollution. Water scarcity is on the increase due to the increasing gap between water demands and supply. This will result in more tensions, disputes, conflicts, and deadlocks in negotiations over water distribution, length of time it takes to fill the reservoir, and allocation. Ethiopia is building the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile River with a hydropower capacity of 6,000 MW. The total estimated cost of the project is US$ 4.8 Billion and will be the largest dam in Africa, which is much larger than the Aswan Dam in Egypt. Regional controversies have risen over the construction of the dam between Ethiopia and the downstream countries (Sudan and

Throughout the seventeenth century and the first half of next century documentary sources crop up in numerous disputes between families of the Seraphic Order, which will be caused by the lawsuits. This study examines the conflict that arose in 1766 that faces the barefoot Franciscan Lucena Loja and the postulation of alms in the villages of Iznajar and Rute Cordoba, being the instigators of the dispute the Observant Franciscans of the latter town.
Keywords: Seraphic Order, barefoot Franciscan, Franciscan observant nomination, dispute, Loja, Lucena, Iznajar and Rute.

Questo libro non vuole essere un manuale di comunicazione gentile, ma il suo contrario: un corso di “lotta di strada” per imparare a stare nei conflitti quando ci si sente circondati, quando si
è fatto qualche passo falso e tutto sembra andare storto. Perché non bisogna aver paura della naturale tendenza umana a litigare, occorre solo guardarla
in faccia per quella che è: una forma di violenza (verbale) che è l’ultimo rifugio degli incapaci (a discutere), parafrasando Asimov.
In una società iperconnessa che oscilla tra il cittadino “silenzioso” che, per eccesso di politicamente corretto, non ha più voglia di discutere, e il cittadino “urlatore” immobile nelle sue posizioni impermeabili a ogni confronto, abbiamo bisogno di persone che sappiano fare la differenza discutendo. Dalle ceneri fallimentari dei nostri litigi possono nascere, infatti, dispute felici piene di soddisfazione. Basta imparare dagli errori: come quando sbagliamo, anche litigando si impara

Many disputes have arisen from the fact that purchasers and sellers of property do not understand what the voetstoots clause means. The term voetstoots is a Dutch word, and is a principle found in the South African common law. It literally means sold ‘with a shove of the foot’. Even though some purchasers may not be aware of this, when you buy a property, there is an implied warranty that the property is sold free from any defects. It is, however, possible for the seller to contract out of this implied warranty by inserting a clause into the sale agreement that provides for the sale to be voetstoots. This simply means that what you see is what you get, and that no warranties exist. In other words, the purchaser agrees to buy the property as it appears at the time of the sale, and that there will be no claims against the seller for defects, which are discovered later on.

The South China Sea disputes involve both island and maritime claims among sovereign states and the issue has long been a point of debate in international politics. It involves not only the countries in dispute but also other major world powers, including the United States. Its important strategic location and the abundant resources make the South China Sea a target of contention among the claimant countries. The arbitral ruling in July 2016 gives a new momentum to the dispute. The article examines the strategic relations of China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) by analyzing the positions and steps taken by ASEAN and China, as well as ASEAN-China joint initiatives. It also discusses the challenges and viable solutions to the dispute.

Рассматриваются основные вопросы альтернативного разрешения споров, в том числе теоретико-правового характера, учитываются различные уровни правового регулирования соответствующих общественных отношений.
Нормативные правовые акты приведены по состоянию на 01.04.2016, если иное не указано в тексте.
Предназначено для студентов учреждений высшего образования, обучающихся по специальности 1-24 01 02 «Правоведение».

REVISTA ACADEMICA SOBRE LA CONTROVERSIA DE GIBRALTAR -
ACADEMIC JOURNAL ABOUT THE GIBRALTAR DISPUTE

Cuadernos de Gibraltar/Gibraltar Reports
ISSN 2444-7382                        https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/cdg
CUADERNOS DE GIBRALTAR - GIBRALTAR REPORTS
Cuadernos de Gibraltar – Gibraltar Reports ---- Academic Journal about de Gibraltar Dispute--Revista Académica sobre la Controversia de Gibraltar-- N 2, 2016-2017
ISSN 2341-0868


The " Gibraltar issue " deserved a regular publication which, from the academic world, dealt with the issues directly or indirectly linked to the dispute. The Gibraltar Reports are intended to make up for this lack, and to serve as a channel for debates and ideas with rigour and academic foundations, as well as for the support and reference of documentation; documentation that tends to be lost or disappear quickly (or unexpectedly) in the jungle of the Internet, and in the simplification that the media sometimes make when they deal with some of the multiple edges of the Gibraltarian problem.
La «cuestión de Gibraltar» se merecía una publicación periódica que, desde el mundo académico, tratara de los temas directamente o indirectamente vinculados a la controversia.  Los Cuadernos de Gibraltar / Gibraltar Reports pretenden suplir esta carencia, y servir de canalización de debates e ideas con rigor y fundamento académico, así como de soporte y referencia de documentación; documentación que suele perderse o desaparecer rápidamente (o inopinadamente) en la selva de la Red en Internet, y en la simplificación que en ocasiones hacen los medios de comunicación cuando tratan alguna de las múltiples aristas del problema gibraltareño.


https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/cdg/index             
https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/cdg/issue/archive           
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=24090             
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/ejemplar/463281       
                   
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.25267/Cuad_Gibraltar.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=24090
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/ejemplar/422063
http://catedras.uca.es/jean-monnet/revistas/cuadernos-de-gibraltar/eng/current

EDITORIAL
Presentación de la Revista

Inmaculada González García, José Alejandro del Valle Gálvez

Texto completo
9-12Artículo
ESTUDIOS
Gibraltar

Antonio Remiro Brotons

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13-24Artículo
PARTE I. Gibraltar en 1704, el Tratado de Utrecht y las Naciones Unidas
Gibraltar en 1704

Angel J. Sáez Rodríguez

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27-52Artículo
La Paz de Utrecht

José Ramón Remacha Tejada

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53-68Artículo
Gibraltar y el derecho de la descolonización

Paz Andrés Sáenz de Santamaría

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69-82Artículo
España y la cuestión de Gibraltar a los 300 años del Tratado de Utrecth

José Alejandro del Valle Gálvez

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83-96Artículo
Las aguas de Gibraltar, el Tratado de Utrecht y el Derecho Internacional del Mar

Jesús Verdú Baeza

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97-132Artículo
PARTE II. La Crisis de Gibraltar (2013-2015)
The Gibraltar crisis and the measures, options and strategies open to Spain

José Alejandro del Valle Gálvez

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135-147Artículo
La pesca y el medio ambiente en las aguas de Gibraltar: la necesaria cooperación hispano-británica en el marco de la Unión Europea

Inmaculada González García

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149-170Artículo
Incidentes hispano-británicos en las aguas de la Bahía de Algeciras/Gibraltar (2009-2014): ¿qué soluciones?

Miguel Angel Acosta Sánchez

Texto Completo Ejemplar
171-208Artículo
ÁGORA
La cuestión de Gibraltar: una perspectiva personal del líder de la oposición de Gibraltar

Daniel Feetham

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211-221Artículo
The San Roque Talk

Dominique Searle

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223-227Artículo
DOCUMENTACIÓN
I. Decisiones de la Asamblea General sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar, en español e inglés, desde 2011 a 2014 II. Informes de la Comisión Europea sobre la situación fronteriza en La Línea (España) y Gibraltar (Reino Unido) III. Posición de la Comisión Europea sobre el nuevo proyecto de rellenos en Gibraltar, en respuesta al Parlamanto Europeo (31 de octubre de 2014) IV. Posición española sobre las Zonas de Especial Conservación V. Acuerdos de Pesca de 1998 y 1999

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233-268Artículo

While inter-personal conflicts have attracted much attention from scholars and practitioners over the last two decades, our understanding of inter-organizational conflicts remains limited. This paper critically assesses current literature on inter-organizational conflicts. We first discuss the specific features of conflicts at the inter-organizational level. Second, we provide an overview of both qualitative and quantitative research conducted in the field. Third, we make suggestions for future research on inter-organizational conflicts. We specifically suggest opportunities to develop theoretical bridges with other streams of literature and to build multi-level models of conflict management. We then discuss important empirical issues associated with doing research on conflicts between organizations and provide recommendations to overcome these challenges.

Contracts are designed to govern the relations between business partners and allocate risk among them, yet they cannot mitigate all risks; hence, dispute resolution mechanisms have been developed to assist. According to research, arbitration is considered one of the most efficient legally binding dispute resolution mechanisms. Since initiating an arbitration case against business partners often severs the business relationship between them, predicting the arbitrator's decision becomes valuable to the arbitrating parties. To do so, arbitration prediction models are suggested in this paper through modeling the arbitrator's award in two stages: evidence admissibility and evidence evaluation. While arbitrators currently admit evidence in a relatively unsystematic way, this proposed admissibility framework systemizes the current practice by preserving its subjectivity, yet aligning it with the widely deployed rules of arbitration. This research further proposes an evidence evaluation model, providing a rapid answer to the famous commercial arbitration battle, discovery. While the current arbitrators' practice in allowing discovery is not systematic, the proposed optimization model is a tool that could systematically assist arbitrators trading between the arbitration key characteristic, efficiency, and justice. This is achieved by assigning weights to evidence parameters such as sufficiency and credibility, which in turn provide numerical measures to reduce the decision's subjectivity.

The complex nature of construction projects and the involvement of a large number of unpredictable correlated factors make them susceptible to disputes. Although a wide range of dispute resolution mechanisms exists, experts in the construction industry favor arbitration over litigation when legally binding dispute resolution mechanisms are concerned. Because initiating a litigation or arbitration case against a business partner often severs the business relationship between them, predicting the arbitrator’s decision becomes valuable to the arbitrating parties. Because arbitration has been extensively treated as a game, and because the proposed approach relies on the wealth maximization concept, which is in turn dependent on the sum of utility sources of a firm, modeling arbitration is best achieved as a game with disputing parties’ utility profiles that would have an agreement zone. A construction-specific utility framework for the disputing parties arbitrating before a single arbitrator is proposed based on the additive expected utility theory. The proposed additive utility framework preserves the industry practicality and, most importantly, considers direct short-term factors and indirect long-term factors that would address factual disputes related to claim entitlement and quantification. It is expected that such a framework could then be used to identify utility equilibrium points between the disputing parties, which would serve the purpose of predicting the arbitration outcome.

El trabajo trata de exponer cuatro modos (tipos ideales) de debatir, de argumentar dialogando. Individualizados y ordenados a partir de la variable conflicto/cooperación, los cuatro modos de debatir son los siguientes: la disputa (debate conflictivo y actoral), la controversia (debate conflictivo y temático), el diálogo racional (debate cooperativo y temático) y el consenso (debate cooperativo y actoral).

Arbitration is a popular dispute resolution method. It is distinct from a typical proceeding in that it is a consensual procedure in which the parties select individuals or institutions to render a judgment in a dispute. Thus, parties enjoy a certain level of autonomy in the arbitral settlement proceedings. arbitration is preferable in international commerce because it enables parties to avoid the risk of different national legal cultures that might prevent them from transacting with one another.

When a dispute arises, in the light of the complex nature of international trade, question may arise as to whether a dispute is an international or national one. But this is a secondary point. The more critical issue is that an arbitral award is enforceable in different jurisdictions.
For a long period, the lack of public interest and lack of a strong judicial enforceability kept international arbitration unpopular and thus negatively impacted international commerce. To promote arbitration and thus international commerce, the international community began ratifying international conventions to improve arbitration perception. In that regard, a watershed moment was the adoption of The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the “New York Convention”), which took a pro-enforcement stand. Many countries adopted the New York Convention. This in turn created predictability in the enforcement of arbitral awards, which in turn began to engender more and more confidence in international arbitration.

But the New York Convention did provide a framework for national courts to refuse enforcement of arbitral awards based on “irregularities” related to the status of the award, the conduct of the arbitral proceedings, and validity of the arbitration agreement.
Public policy is also one of the irregularities that the New York Convention lists as a manner of denying the enforcement of arbitral awards. It allows national courts not to give effect to an award that contradicts the fundamental principles of the forum state’s legal system. The public policy exception is the focus of this study.

Since the New York Convention entered into force, national courts have formulated wide- ranging interpretations of public policy. The public policy exception presents a safety zone in which the national courts can decide whether an arbitral award and its recognition or enforcement is contrary to the public policy of the forum State where its enforcement is being sought. The New York Convention’s language allows state courts to enjoy wide discretion on the application of public policy. Public policy is subject to moral, cultural, economic and social essentials of each state. However, as social construction of nations has inevitably changed extremely in the last century, the criteria of public policy is subject to the same progressive manner. But the realities of today’s international transaction require a fully functional arbitration system and the finality of an arbitral awards. The more ambiguity there is in the ability to enforce an award based on various states’ public policy, it creates the more uncertainty it pertains to the law.

This study preliminary focuses on the concept of public policy, whether its application has contravened the New York Convention’s pro-enforcement stance, and how the exception has impacted international arbitration and international commerce. This paper also looks into whether there is a standardized application of the public policy globally.

HEILSAME VIELFALT? FORMEN DIFFERENZIERTER INTEGRATION IN EUROPA---- Eckart D. Stratenschulte (Hrsg.)---- NOMOS Verlagsgessellschaft , Baden-Baden 2014.
Pages 193-223
DOI: 10.5771/9783845253077_193

http://www.nomos-elibrary.de/index.php?dokid=374727&page=1&tid=1072020

http://www.nomos-shop.de/_assets/downloads/9783848712236_lese01.pdf

http://catalogue.ppl.nl//DB=1/LNG=EN/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=1016&SRT=YOP&TRM=heilsame+vielfalt&lang=en

https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/9783845253077_193/gibraltar-and-the-eu-the-consequences-of-the-conflict-between-spain-and-the-united-kingdom-for-gibraltar-and-the-european-integration-process

https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/9783845253077_193/gibraltar-and-the-eu-the-consequences-of-the-conflict-between-spain-and-the-united-kingdom-for-gibraltar-and-the-european-integration-process?select-row=abstract

El contencioso territorial con España

Alejandro del Valle Gálvez

CAPITULO VII DEL LIBRO-
Unión Europea-Marruecos: ¿Una vecindad privilegiada?
Antonio Remiro Brotons (dir.),
coord. por Carmen Martínez Capdevila
Madrid: Academia Europea de Ciencias y Artes
2012,
págs. 369-408

ISBN 978-84-616-2472-0,

During my working on the CFM edition of Augustine’s Acta contra Fortunatum
Manichaeum,1 I was struck by a number of facts. In order to provide the book with an
‘Index of Manichaean Terms and Concepts’, I read and reread the dispute’s precise
Latin turn of phrase. Rather unexpectedly I realized that, in the course of the
disputation, not only the Manichaean presbyter Fortunatus, but also the Catholic
presbyter Augustine made use of a typical Manichaean terminology. Most striking was
that Augustine sometimes turned out to be the first and central person presenting
Manichaean terminology. His turn of phrase gave me the impression of a profound
acquaintance with Manichaean terms and concepts and, what is more, with some
writings of Mani itself.

The principle of 'procedural fairness' (also called 'fundamental fairness', 'due process' and 'natural justice') broadly requires administrative and judicial proceedings to be fair. Decision-makers in administrative and judicial systems attempt to achieve procedural fairness by exercising their discretion in a fair manner and by developing procedural or evidentiary rules explaining how rights, duties, powers and liabilities are administered. As will be seen in this chapter, the principle of procedural fairness is difficult to define precisely, because the demands of fairness depend on the circumstances. For example, it may be necessary to balance an individual's interest in pursuing additional procedures with the value and cost of such procedures. Thus, in particular circumstances, procedural fairness might require a full hearing, whereas in other circumstances, basic notice and the right to speak might be sufficient. Considerations of procedural fairness might also conflict. For instance, parties' rights to be heard and give evidence might weigh in favour of last minute introduction of evidence. On the other hand, the need for equality between the parties and their right to have sufficient time to respond and challenge evidence might weigh against such evidence. Discretion is required to resolve such conflicts.

It is a well-known fact that disputes have become an endemic feature of the Indian contract system particularly in departments handling construction activities dealing with large number of contracts to get the various work done in open Line and Construction organizations, if they are not resolved promptly they can escalate causing schedule delays, lead to claims that require litigation proceedings for resolution and destroy business relationships. The competitive nature and contractual complexity inherent within contract system can aggravate the incidence of disputes. Research over the length of time has revealed that factors such as scope changes, poor contract documentation, restricted access, unforeseen ground conditions, and contractual ambiguities are contributors of disputes. While this is widely known, disputes still prevail over such issues. Before disputes can be avoided an understanding of what the underlying conditions that contributes to their occurrence needs to be determined so that mechanisms can be put in place to prevent them from arising. In this paper it is tried to demonstrate the interdependency between key variables that contribute to disputes and to identify a number of strategies that can be adopted to reduce the immediate incidence of disputes in contract system.

Online Uyuşmazlık Çözümü Online dispute resolution (ODR) yakında sıkça duyacağımız terimlerden olacak. ODR taraflar arasındaki uyuşmazlığın çözümü sırasında teknolojinin de kullanıldığı bir yöntem olarak adlandırılabilir. ODR ile “Müzakere”, “Mediasyon” ve “Tahkim” gibi veya bunların değişik birleşimleri
gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Bu teknolojik çözüm metodu klasik ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) yöntemlerinin dengi olarak görülebilir. ODR da geleneksel müzakere yöntemleri ve süreç teknolojinin sunduğu online ortamlarda gerçekleşir.

In this article, points of contact between Mukařovský’s and Heidegger’s thinking about art are investigated. These points of contact are identified in the conception of deliberateness and non-deliberateness in Mukařovský and in the contest between the world and the earth in Heidegger. It is argued that these conceptions point to the treatment of a work as continually polarising; polarisation is related to the problematic of the durability of a work of art and of great art, so its character is ultimately normative. These results are finally briefly related to the question of art criticism.

With its recent legislation on consumer ADR and ODR, the European Union (EU) pioneers the creation of a comprehensive out-of-court dispute resolution system for B2C conflicts. The proposed system raises questions as to how consumer rights can and should be efficiently enforced. We propose design principles for efficient consumer rights enforcement systems in Europe and sketch an appropriate judicial model procedure. Against this background, we critique the new EU system: mandatory consumer rights will not be fully enforced; traders will have inefficient behavioral incentives; fundamental due process values will be compromised; an unnecessary, heavily regulated, and costly private enforcement industry needs to be created; access to the courts for consumers will be seriously impaired. Mandatory consumer rights attempt to correct market failure. Such rights should be enforced in streamlined small stakes proceedings by state courts, not by private service providers.

The article presented an integrated data set on the alternative dispute resolution
and employee commitment of selected Construction Companies. The objective of the
study was to determine the effect of negotiation on continuance commitment; identify
the influence of mediation on affective commitment; determine the effect of
conciliation on continuance commitment and investigate the influence of arbitration
on normative commitment. A structured questionnaire was administered to 268
respondents which was determined using stratified random sampling techniques. The
copies of questionnaire were analysed using AMOS 21, while Structural Equation
Modelling (SEM) analysis was done on the constructs to enable further
comprehensive investigations. However, further comprehensive investigations will
help in establishing the significant effect of alternative dispute resolution on employee
commitment and how this can be incorporated in organisations/institutions for
ultimate success

The article presented an integrated data set on the alternative dispute resolution and employee commitment of selected Construction Companies. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of negotiation on continuance commitment; identify the influence of mediation on affective commitment; determine the effect of conciliation on continuance commitment and investigate the influence of arbitration on normative commitment. A structured questionnaire was administered to 268 respondents which was determined using stratified random sampling techniques. The copies of questionnaire were analysed using AMOS 21, while Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was done on the constructs to enable further comprehensive investigations. However, further comprehensive investigations will help in establishing the significant effect of alternative dispute resolution on employee commitment and how this can be incorporated in organisations/institutions for ultimate success.

"This anthropological study describes a specific form of mediation, as it is practiced in Ethiopia (Northeast Africa) by members of the Oromo and Amhara ethnic groups. It introduces elders as male household-heads in their advanced ages, who settle conflicts and arrange marriages for the members of the junior generations. There are not only 'easy' cases dealt with, which one might assume to be too 'unimportant' for state courts or other juridical institutions but also aggravated cases that may affect the wider group or that have inter-ethnic dimensions. The study uses specific case studies of marriage, bride abduction, physical injury and homicide for illustration. Within the book, reference is made to speech-act-theory and the 'new ethnographic' approach related to it. Both rhetoric strategies and non-verbal means of communication are discussed, such as postures, gestures, spatial arrangements, numerical symbolisms, or the deliberate use of certain kinds of dress and of material objects. Special attention is paid to the use of ritual in mediation procedures. The book brings to light significant regularities that are inherent to the different types of elders' proceedings. Peculiar elements and phases can be distinguished that re-occur in all types of processes analysed in the study. This cannot exclusively be explained by reference to 'process', as a general idea of people negotiating law. It moreover hints to the existence of a formal 'procedure', which follows its own rules. Accordingly, a change of perspective 'from process to procedure' is suggested in the book's programmatic title.

http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/title_2776.ahtml

Book Order US:
http://www.amazon.com/From-Process-Procedure-Aethiopistische-Forschungen/dp/3447066113/

Book Order Germany:
http://www.amazon.de/Process-Procedure-Mediation-Formality-Ethiopia/dp/3447066113/
http://www.buchhandel.de/detailansicht.aspx?isbn=9783447066112"

In Korea, August 15 marks both the liberation from colonialism (1945) and the promulgation of the South Korean state (1948). As a memorial day, 8.15 became to be narrated mostly as the day of liberation, while 1948 plays only a minor role. However, in the 2000s, the emergence of the New Right brought new debates on how to evaluate post-liberation history.
A historical view proposing public memory on 8.15 centred on the “foundation” of South Korea emerged (kŏn’guk view). Combined with attempts to re-name 8.15 into a foundation day (kŏn’gukchŏl), an intense dispute between proponents and opponents of the re-narration was the result.
This paper outlines the emergence of the New Right and traces the origins and politicisation of the kŏn’guk view and outlines how adopting the kŏn’guk narrative in state commemoration events led to a broad dispute in South Korean society. I trace this view’s origin to 2003 and argue that it got politicised in early 2008 during the early Lee Myung-bak administration. The politicisation resulted in a dispute in politics, civil society, and newspapers, whose progress and characteristics I analyse in detail. As a result of the 2008 Kŏn’gukchŏl Dispute, the issue of how to narrate the events of 1948 became actively discussed in academic scholarship since 2009.

This thesis discusses the juridical review of the EU's responsibility for oil palm disputes in Indonesia. The research method used is a descriptive normative juridical study, which examines the factual implementation or implementation of legal provisions or rules in a particular legal event. This time Indonesia is faced with an international trade dispute with the European Union related to palm oil products. The European Union in the RED II policy will stop the use of palm oil as a biofuel by 2030, due to issues of environmental destruction. This certainly has an impact on Indonesia's trade, especially with the gradual decline in exports of palm oil or CPO to Europe from 2021 until it is eliminated in 2030. Indonesia has filed a lawsuit to the WTO through the WTO dispute resolution agency for discrimination against palm oil products. The RED II policy is considered to have restricted market access for palm oil to Europe with its regulations and requirements. RED II policy is not in accordance with WTO rules, especially regarding the Technical Barriers to Trade agreement, and GATT 1994.The results suggest the need to revise or change the EU RED II policy to adapt to the development of trade liberalization in accordance with WTO rules, so as not to cause harm to palm oil products and other products in the future.

David RICHTER, Spor mikulovického faráře a Jana mladšího Kapouna ze Svojkova o placení obilného ospu z let 1588-1593. In: Východočeský sborník historický 32, 2017, s. 173-195.
V letech 1588 až 1593 se odehrál ve vsi Mikulovice nedaleko Pardubic spor mezi místním farářem, Jakubem Sofiánem z Valkmberku, a rytířským vlastníkem několika zdejších dvorů, Janem mladším Kapounem ze Svojkova. Jádro nesváru leželo v tom, že rytíř Kapoun skoupil několik místních poddanských statků, na kterých se usadil a z nichž si vytvořil své „sídlo“. Z těchto dvorů se odváděl pravidelný plat místnímu faráři. Ty odmítl rytíř Kapoun jako nový majitel a navíc ještě šlechtic nadále odvádět, čímž se dostal do ostrého konfliktu s místním knězem. Ten se zpočátku pokoušel šlechtice k placení desátku přimět, když ale neuspěl, obrátil se na hejtmana panství a následně také na úředníky v České komoře. I když mu bylo po zdlouhavém jednání dáno za pravdu a jeho požadavky na placení desátků byly shledány oprávněnými, svou pozici na faře neobhájil a byl nucen odejít.
Tento spor je zajímavý množstvím dochovaných materiálů obsahujících část komunikace, jednání i argumentů obou stran. Zajímavá je pak především Kapounova argumentace založená na principu „šlechtické výlučnosti“. Je zajímavým dokreslením našich znalostí o životě chudší nižší šlechty, která se z různých důvodů vzdala svobodného majetku a přesídlila na poddanský. Poukazuje na to, že tito zchudlí šlechtici se odmítali vzdát svého exkluzivního postavení bez ohledu na rozsah a typ svého majetku.
From 1588 to 1593 there was a dispute in the village of Mikulovice near
Pardubice between Jakub Sofián of Valkmberk, the local parish priest, and Jan Junior Kapoun of Svojkov, the knight who owned several local estates. At the root of the dispute lied the fact that Kapoun the knight bought several local serf’s estates he settled down on, making them into his “residence”. These estates used to pay a regular fee to the local parish priest. Kapoun the knight as the new owner and a noble refused to pay such fee which lead to a conflict with the local priest. At first the priest tried unsuccessfully to persuade the aristocrat to pay the tithe but later referred the case to the governor of the manor and then to the officials in the Czech chamber. After long discussions the priest won and his request that the knight paid the tithe was found justified but the priest could not retain his position in the parish and was forced to leave.
The dispute is interesting because there is a number of preserved documents containing a part of the communication, discussions and arguments of both parties. In particular, Kapoun’s arguments are intriguing as they are based on the principle of “aristocratic exclusivity”. It adds nicely to our knowledge of the life of poorer lower nobility who for various reasons lost their free estate and moved to a serf’s estate. The dispute shows that regardless of the size and type of their property these impoverished nobles refused to give up their exclusive rights.

Το παρόν άρθρο πραγματεύεται τις επιπτώσεις της Συμφωνίας των Πρεσπών (The Prespes Agreement) μεταξύ Ελλάδας και ΠΓΔΜ σε ζητήματα ασφάλειας, ιδωμένες από την ελληνική πλευρά. Αφού εξεταστούν οι διάφορες προσεγγίσεις περί ασφάλειας ερευνάται τι προσφέρει σε επίπεδο ασφαλείας η Συμφωνία και υπό ποια έννοια μπορεί αυτή να εγείρει ζητήματα ασφαλείας.
This article discusses the impact of the Prespes Agreement between Greece and FYROM on security issues, from the Greek perspective. There is conducted a study on which are the implications of the Prespes Agreement on security issues, by examining the various security approaches.

A high monetary value of the construction projects is one of the reasons of frequent disputes between a general contractor (GC) and a client. A construction site is a unique, one-time, and singleproduct factory with many parties involved and dependent on each other. The organizational dependencies and their complexity make any fault or mistake propagate and influence the final
result (delays, cost overruns). The constant will of the parties involved results in completing a construction object. The cost increase, over the expected level, may cause settlements between parties difficult and lead to disputes that often finish in a court. Such decision of taking a client to a court may influence the future relations with a client, the trademark of the GC, as well as, its finance. To ascertain the correctness of the decision of this kind, the machine learning tools as decision trees
(DT) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are applied to predict the result of a dispute. The dataset of about 10 projects completed by an undisclosed contractor is analyzed. Based on that, a much bigger database is simulated for automated classifications onto the following two classes: a dispute won or lost. The accuracy of over 93% is achieved, and the reasoning based on results from DT and ANN is presented and analyzed. The novelty of the article is the usage of in-company data as the independent variables what makes the model tailored for a specific GC. Secondly, the calculation of the risk of wrong decisions based on machine learning tools predictions is introduced and discussed.