Master Planning

The constitution of Ecuador of 2008, integrates the Right to the City
in Article 31, establishes that people have the right to access and
participate in the public space as an area of cultural exchange, social
cohesion, and promotion of equality and diversity. The Right to the
City is developed in the Land Use and Land Management Law, is a
tool for guiding the right of land use planning and land management.
The Right to the City is part of the national legal framework but its
application, especially at the local level, is deficient. The hypothesis
of this research is that several sectors and organizations were
excluded or ignored in the construction of the Development Plan
for Land Use, the Decentralized Autonomous Government, has to
review other mechanisms to implement active citizen participation
in the process. For this study the researchers conducted surveys to
young people who live and or study in the canton of Samborondón;
the answers of the survey show the veracity of the hypothesis, this
causes the loss of the right to the city guaranteed in the Constitution
of Ecuador. Undoubtedly, the new ideas of change, the involvement of
young people, and the academy are indispensable for the generation
of urban proposals and therefore the construction of the new
Development Plan for Land Use.
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La Constitución del Ecuador de 2008 integra el derecho a la
ciudad. El artículo 31 establece que las personas tienen derecho
a acceder y participar del espacio público como ámbito de
deliberación, intercambio cultural, cohesión social y promoción
de la igualdad en la diversidad. El derecho a la ciudad, a partir de
lo garantizado en la Constitución se desarrolla en la Ley Orgánica
de Ordenamiento Territorial, Uso y Gestión del Suelo, donde
se lo comprende como principio rector y derecho orientador
del ordenamiento territorial y planeamiento del uso y gestión
del suelo. A pesar de esto, su aplicación, sobre todo a nivel
local, es deficiente. Como hipótesis de esta investigación se
sostiene que varios sectores y organizaciones fueron excluidos o
desconocieron el proceso de construcción del Plan de Desarrollo
de Ordenamiento Territorial (PDOT). El Gobierno Autónomo
Descentralizado, a pesar de utilizar herramientas participativas,
tiene que revisar otros mecanismos para implementar una
eficaz participación ciudadana en el proceso. Para este estudio
se realizaron encuestas a jóvenes que habitan y/o estudian
en el cantón Samborondón, cuyas respuestas, comprueban la
veracidad de la hipótesis formulada, lo cual muestra que no se
ha cumplido el derecho a la ciudad garantizado en la Constitución
del Ecuador. Sin duda, el cambio generacional, las nuevas ideas,
el involucramiento de los jóvenes y la labor de la academia, son
indispensables para la generación de propuestas urbanas y, por
ende, para la construcción del nuevo PDOT.

This article explores the hybrid modernity made through missionary architectural practices during colonial Korea, by examining how the master plan of Yonsei University, one of the earliest mission schools in Korea, has gone through a unique evolutionary process throughout the convoluted modern history of the twentieth century. In doing so, this article conducts a thorough visual and spatial analysis of the given case with two emphases: first, analyzing three campus master plans—produced in 1917, 1925, and 2016 respectively—in a comparative way; and second, analyzing the layout and façade composition of major buildings that comprise the campus in great details. These master plans are crucial evidences enabling us to investigate the transatlantic architectural practices in early 20th century, as Henry K. Murphy, the architect in charge of the first two master plans of Yonsei University, was one who had long practiced in New York and greatly admired the values of Asian architecture through a series of field trips to major Asian cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Seoul.

While the 1917 master plan was in part influenced by the Western precedents, as well as ones from Japan and China some of which Murphy himself was involved in as a master architect—especially ones from Japan and China—the 1925 case deviates from it and illustrates multiple points of transformation that go beyond spatial symmetry and visual harmony. The 1925 one is marked by the rearranged spatial disposition and façade composition of dormitories and residential halls as influenced by the geographical peculiarities of Korea at that time. Long after the revision, the third, 2016, version illustrates the much expanded, triangular shape toward the south with added buildings and facilities, while the entombment area and other historical fragments in the upper part are well preserved. Hence, this article claims that the case of Yonsei University elicits the hybridization of missionary architectural practices and local Korean culture throughout the twentieth century, which is neither subsumed by the missionaries’ imposition of design ideas nor bound by the authentically Korean tradition of design.

The objective of this paper is to present the methodology, challenges and results of the transmission master plan of Oman 2014-2030. The main challenges affecting the planning of transmission investments are: 1. Fast growing demand (currently reaches about 10%), 2. High level of uncertainty due to unbundling (generation, transmission and distribution), 3. Peculiarity of the demand (high variation summer/winter, high participation of airconditioning to peak demand), 4. Limitation of place for extension of existing substations, 5. High concentration of demand creating high Short-Circuit Current (SCC) levels, and 6. Relatively strict planning criteria. Tractebel Engineering and Oman Electricity Transmission Company have developed a methodology to optimize transmission investments in such an environment. It proposes the least cost development plan by first building a transmission network target structure (at 2030) that defines the long term vision of transmission, generation and distribution companies and that tackles all technical issues. The combination of probabilistic and deterministic models is used to propose the optimal structure. A new 400kV backbone structure is developed. Then intermediate years' structures (2018, 2020, and 2025) are built by phasing investment identified for the target structure. Detailed static and dynamic analyses are used. Focus is given to limitation of SCC level, optimal location for compensation means and required investment in SVCs. The results of the transmission master plan are then illustrated focusing on impact of generation location, ways to limit SCC levels, benefits of optimal power flow for planning and operation of the system, impact of planning criteria, etc.

The morphology of a city undergoes transformation over time due to a variety of factors. One such factor is the master plan. The master plan is a powerful legal tool, the implementation of which has a lasting impact on the morphology of a town both built and unbuilt. The template for the master plans in India is the same be it a metropolitan city or a class III town. The resultant triggers and impact of this master plan are questionable more so in the case of smaller cities and towns. This paper investigates one such small city in the hinterland of Karnataka through a descriptive analysis of the compact historic city and the new developments; the impact of the master plan and the resulting changes. Through the analysis and arguments presented in the study for the reading of small towns and non metropolitan cities we support alternative readings of these towns and cities. Additionally through the analysis of compact city planning methodologies both historical and current we understand how the two aspects; that is small town urbanization and compact planning methodologies can be enmeshed to create new templates for master planning for small towns and cities. Our study is limited to the master planning exercise in the context of Karnataka and Gadag-Betageri in particular and needs to be further explored with respect to other urban development policies in order to be applicable to small towns and cities in general in India.