Online Surveys

Das Buch vermittelt theoretische Grundlagen und praxisnahe Kenntnisse zu wissenschaftlichen Umfragen. Mit Hilfe dieser Kenntnisse soll der Leser Umfragen sowohl kritisch beurteilen als auch selbst nach den gültigen wissenschaftlichen Standards durchführen können. Damit soll dem in den letzten Jahren zunehmenden Problem mangelnder Gültigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit von Befragungsdaten entgegengewirkt werden.
Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Hinweisen zur Formulierung von Fragen und zur Konstruktion von Fragebögen, daneben werden aber auch viele andere Probleme behandelt, wie z.B. Fragen des Forschungsdesigns oder der Planung und Durchführung der Feldarbeit. Neben postalischen, persönlichen und telefonischen Befragungen werden in der zweiten Auflage auch Online-Befragungen behandelt. Das Buch soll damit die Lücke zwischen allgemeinen Lehrbüchern zur empirischen Sozialforschung einerseits und speziellen Lehr- und Handbüchern zur Datenanalyse andererseits schließen.

The purpose of this study is to examine the emerging flashpacker sub-culture in relation to the backpacker culture. Cultural Consensus Analysis is employed to examine the potential cultural divergence between flashpackers and non-flashpackers. A mixed-mode dual-frame sampling procedure was employed for data collection, as surveys were administered through Facebook backpacker-groups and in hostels in Cairns, Australia. The results indicate that flashpacker and non-flashpacker groups have a shared cultural understanding of backpacking. In addition to the conceptual clarity of the emerging flashpacker, this study also provides some interesting insights into contemporary backpacker culture and the continuing convergence of physical travel with information and communication technologies.

This article draws on 3,500 responses from fans and professionals involved in association football (soccer) to an anonymous online survey posted from June 2010 to October 2010 regarding their views towards gay footballers. The overall findings are that, contrary to assumptions of homophobia, there is evidence of rapidly decreasing homophobia within the culture of football fandom.The results advance inclusive masculinity theory with 93 per cent of fans of all ages stating that there is no place for homophobia within football. Fans blame agents and clubs for the lack of openness and challenge football’s governing organizations to oppose the culture of secrecy surrounding gay players and to provide a more inclusive environment to support players who want to come out.

Games and Gamification have been used in Market Research as a means of gathering opinion (and other) data as an engaging replacement to the online survey. In this paper, Games, namely 'ResearchGames', are the methodology in focus (not Gamification), using two ResearchGames(™) as illustrative cases that were designed and developed on behalf of IMPRINTS Futures (and EPSRC funded study) with the UK public as the audience.
This paper is focused on the combination of game mechanics and game components with online research with a focus on narrative.
The benefits of using ResearchGames on participant engagement and their likelihood to participate in future ResearchGame studies are explored and analysed with results shared.
Two ResearchGames™, launched in Spring 2013 named T.E.S.S.A. Undercover Agents™ and Dubious™ will be used as illustrative cases. Participants engaging in these ResearchGames reported increased enjoyment. Participant feedback, combined with supportive evidence such as an 81% continuation rate and over 90% of participants giving positive feedback show that ResearchGames are a promising online research methodology that would benefit from further experimentation, development and discussion.
Links to the ResearchGames themselves are included in the paper.

Keywords
Games; ResearchGames; Gamification; Online Surveys; IMPRINTS Futures; Participant Engagement.

The paper presents the results of a study on social media experience of consumers and marketers in the State of Punjab. The study is based upon two parallel surveys - one for marketers (N=101) and another for consumers (N=211), conducted during the first quarter of 2012. Self developed questionnaire (request to fill online questionnaire was sent through e-mail) has been used to elicit the perception about motives, beliefs, policies, specific actions, and experiences of marketers about Social Media Marketing (SMM). Another self developed on-line questionnaire containing indicators about consumer’s motives, beliefs, and experiences has been used to capture their perception about reasons for their presence on social media and factors (using Exploratory Factor Analysis) determining their social media behaviour. The respondents were requested to fill online questionnaires developed on Google Documents. Based on the results of the study and reviewed literature, the paper suggests the meas...

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) is a widely-used instrument to measure the two components of social desirability: self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM). With respect to scoring of the BIDR, Paulhus (1994) has authorized two methods, namely continuous scoring (all answers on the continuous answer scale are counted) and dichotomous scoring (only extreme answers are counted). In the present article, three studies with student samples are reported, and continuous and dichotomous scoring of BIDR subscales are compared with respect to reliability, convergent validity, sensitivity to instructional variations, and correlations with personality. Across studies, the scores from continuous scoring (continuous scores) showed higher Cronbach's alphas than those from dichotomous scoring (dichotomous scores). Moreover, continuous scores showed higher convergent correlations with other measures of social desirability and more consistent effects with self-presentation instructions (fake-good versus fake-bad instructions). Finally, continuous SDE scores showed higher correlations with those traits of the five-factor model for which substantial correlations were expected (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness). Consequently, the present findings indicate that continuous scoring may be preferable to dichotomous scoring when assessing socially desirable responding with the BIDR.

abstract This study engaged the relatively new method of on-line survey methodology to address a few key questions about perceptions of racism in Puerto Rico. The questions addressed whether Puerto Ricans perceive anti-black racism to exist; whether they have experienced it personally, or observed racist behaviors and practices; and in what realms of social life they perceive racism to exist. The article correlates these findings with the way respondents described themselves racially. Thus, this article reports on three distinct areas: (1) the use of on-line survey methodology to address questions of race and racism; (2) quantitative response patterns about racism in PR and among Puerto Ricans and their relationship to how people self-described racially; and (3) to how, when, and where racism is manifested according to respondents. [

У статті розглядаються методичні особливості проведення соціологічних опитувань із застосуванням можливостей мережі Інтернет. Оцінюєть оптимальний термін проведення опитування. Аналізується проведене електронне оптування, наведено кілька різних методик проведення опитування через e-mail та ці методики порівнюються із звичайним поштовим опитуванням. Сформульовані проблеми, що виникають при проведенні e-mail - опитувань та деякі методи їх вирішення.

“Advantages and disadvantages of E-mail based sociological survey.”
The methodical features of the Internet sociological surveys are considered in the paper. The optimal time it takes for E-mail survey is estimated. One e-mail survey is analized and some different methodics of e-mail surveys are discribed and compared with post mail survey method. The e-mail survey problems and possibilities of theirs solving are presented.

This dissertation investigates how players interpret protagonists in character-focused video games, highlighting the prevalence of white, straight, and male characters, limiting diversity representation. Non-demographic-fitting players are often expected to adopt these characters for engagement. Recognising the impact of unequal representation is crucial, prompting an internet-based mixed-method survey distributed on Reddit to explore player responses.

Results indicate a widespread desire for improved representation, with participants asserting that diversifying characters would not harm existing representation but would support underrepresented individuals. Identified barriers to change include ingrained social norms, values, and developer comfort with assumed target audiences.

Concerns about tokenization and stereotypes exist among participants advocating for diversity. The study recommends: 1) Future research should focus on marginalised identities to address biases in participant responses. 2) A theoretical approach recognising varied player perspectives, as marginalised players may not prioritise representation, while dominant groups may dislike changes to their representation. 3) Academic settings, particularly in game development courses, should integrate sessions addressing contemporary representation issues and how harmful ideologies manifest through player-created protagonists.

This paper examines, from a general point of view, the increase in the use of Anglicisms in the Spanish language and among different generations. Two investigations were carried out as a contribution to the Anglicisms issue: an online survey aimed at people of the Baby Boom, Y,
X and Z generations to analyze differences in speech, and a corpus study collecting the Anglicisms found in three different newspapers comparing those of the 70s to those of today.  Anglicisms were classified according to the process they go through until they are totally
included in the host language and following the classification provided by Lorenzo (1996). The  results show that there is indeed a significant increase in the use of Anglicisms in the Spanish  language that does not cease but is progressively increasing in each of the generations. The
project, at the same time, also tries to prove in which areas of the language there is a greater  use of Anglicisms, if it is a question of fashion or gastronomy or if there is a gender more likely  to use them than another.

Keywords: Anglicisms, corpus study, online survey, Spanish Press, social media, colloquial  speech, formal speech, Baby Boom generation, generation Y, Millennials, generation X, generation Z.

RESUMEN
El siguiente trabajo examina de manera general el creciente uso de anglicismos que se da entre generaciones de la lengua española. Para ello se llevaron a cabo dos investigaciones como aportación al estudio de los anglicismos: una encuesta online que pretende analizar el uso de anglicismos en el habla coloquial de personas pertenecientes a las generaciones Baby Boom, Y, X y Z, y una recopilación de términos y porcentajes de tres periódicos diferentes que comparan el uso de anglicismos de los años 70 con los de 2020. Los anglicismos fueron clasificados de acuerdo a la clasificación de Lorenzo (1996) según el proceso por el que pasan los anglicismos hasta que son totalmente incluidos en el idioma de acogida. Los resultados de las investigaciones muestran que existe un aumento significativo en el uso de anglicismos en la lengua española que aumenta progresivamente a medida que la generación es más joven. El proyecto, a su vez, también pretende aportar información sobre las áreas o grupos sociales donde se ha encontrado un mayor número de anglicismos, si se trata del área de la moda o la gastronomía, por ejemplo, o si un género es más propenso a usarlos que otro.
Palabras clave: Anglicismos, encuesta, Prensa Española, redes sociales, habla coloquial, habla formal, generación Baby Boom, generación Y, Millennials, generación X, generación Z.

ABSTRACT
Research is commonly referred to search for knowledge. Research is an art of scientific investigation.
And it also requires to systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting the findings and solutions.
Researchers are adopting various methodologies for collecting data. Under that survey method is one
of important tool to collect the data. So herewith in this article let us see the utilization of online survey
tools for collecting data. And discuss about how to upload the questionnaire and analysis the collected
data with the help of survey monkey. All commercial survey tools are more or less same in feature and
techniques. As my research study has been carried out with the survey monkey, here with am
discussing with survey monkey tool.
Keywords: Online survey tool, E-survey, E-questionnaire, Utilization of online survey tools

Education is one of the relevant industries caught in the middle of this pandemic and the Philippines has millions of affected learners all over the country. Incidentally, it is necessary to safeguard the education sector through strategies that guarantee the continuous flow of learning integrating online with offline approaches. The researcher aimed to present the difficulties and experiences faced by the learners on Modular Distance Learning. A descriptive, qualitative research was conducted and used an online survey, interview, and observation as tools to gather data and to find out the problems encountered of the learners on this mode of learning. Moore's theory on Transactional Distance Learning served as the framework of analysis and the researcher analyzed the results by thematic coding. A total of 45 learners participated in the online survey and 10 learners participated on online interview. Questions in the survey elicit the situations of the learners and how they managed to study on their own in the absence of learning facilitators to guide them. The result of the survey conducted to section HUMMS 11-Kohlberg determine the accessibility and availability of the gadgets that will be used for modular distance learning, it was revealed that most of the learners' used cellphones to access FB messenger, group chat and google meet for online classes. Learners engaged themselves in understanding the concepts presented in the module as they developed a sense of responsibility in learning on their own and in accomplishing the tasks provided in the module, with limited assistance from the teacher, these learners progress on their own. Today, as the country is at the state of emergency health crisis, these SLMs for Modular Distance Learning were the most convenient, and appropriate to use for our learners to continue learning amidst of Covid-19 pandemic.

Education is one of the relevant industries caught in the middle of this pandemic and the Philippines has millions of affected learners all over the country. Incidentally, it is necessary to safeguard the education sector through strategies that guarantee the continuous flow of learning integrating online with offline approaches. The researcher aimed to present the difficulties and experiences faced by the learners on Modular Distance Learning. A descriptive, qualitative research was conducted and used an online survey, interview, and observation as tools to gather data and to find out the problems encountered of the learners on this mode of learning. Moore's theory on Transactional Distance Learning served as the framework of analysis and the researcher analyzed the results by thematic coding. A total of 45 learners participated in the online survey and 10 learners participated on online interview. Questions in the survey elicit the situations of the learners and how they managed to study on their own in the absence of learning facilitators to guide them. The result of the survey conducted to section HUMMS 11-Kohlberg determine the accessibility and availability of the gadgets that will be used for modular distance learning, it was revealed that most of the learners' used cellphones to access FB messenger, group chat and google meet for online classes. Learners engaged themselves in understanding the concepts presented in the module as they developed a sense of responsibility in learning on their own and in accomplishing the tasks provided in the module, with limited assistance from the teacher, these learners progress on their own. Today, as the country is at the state of emergency health crisis, these SLMs for Modular Distance Learning were the most convenient, and appropriate to use for our learners to continue learning amidst of Covid-19 pandemic.

While the term “e-learning” has been thrown around quite a lot in recent years, many are still unaware of what it actually means and how it can help them achieve success in both their professional and personal lives. This short e-book aims to provide an introductory level overview of the e-learning field for those people.
This e-book is divided into five main topics. The first topic sets the case for e-learning by dealing with subjects such as its history, its advantages and any drawbacks, and whether it can actually lead to learning. The second topic describes important types of learning tools that are available today. The third topic deals with the characteristics of online courses and how one can create successful learning communities. The fourth topic is about emerging learning trends. Here we explain themes such as micro-learning and gamification. And the final topic describes the application of e-learning in different industries.

Abstract in English
The Social Desirability Scale by Crowne and Marlowe (1960), M-C SDS, continues to enjoy great popularity, as does the German version by Lück and Timaeus (1969). After 40 years, however, it is questionable whether the M-C SDS is still up-to-date. It may well be that one could find new items with a higher degree of social desirability. Four studies are described in which a new scale in the style of the Marlowe-Crowne scale, the Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17), was developed and examined. The SDS-17, a 17-item scale, displayed satisfactory reliability and convergent validity: Internal consistency ranged from .72 to .75; test-retest stability across four weeks was .82; and the correlations with the M-C SDS ranged from .67 to .74. Overall, the SDS-17 is comparable to the M-C SDS. However, it is shorter (17 instead of 23 items) and demonstrates greater face-validity: A sample of 49 judges rated the items of both scales with respect to social desirability. The SDS-17 items received significantly and substantially higher ratings than the M-C SDS items.
Abstract in German
Zusammenfassung. Die “Social Desirability Scale” von Crowne und Marlowe (1960), SDS-CM, erfreut sich nach wie vor großer Beliebtheit. Dasselbe gilt für die deutsche Fassung (Lück & Timaeus, 1969). Nach 40 Jahren ist es jedoch fraglich, ob die SDS-CM noch zeitgemäß ist bzw. ob sich nicht neue Items finden lassen, die einen höheren Grad an sozialer Erwünschtheit aufweisen. Vier Studien werden beschrieben, in denen eine neue Skala im Stil der Crowne-Marlowe-Skala entwickelt und überprüft wird. Das Ergebnis ist die Soziale-Erwünschtheits-Skala-17 (SES-17). Diese umfaßt 17 Items. Reliabilität und konvergente Validität sind zufriedenstellend: Die interne Konsistenz liegt bei .72 bis .75, die Retest-Stabilität über vier Wochen bei .82 und die Korrelation mit der SDS-CM bei .67 bis .74. Damit ist die SES-17 ein der SDS-CM vergleichbares Verfahren, ist jedoch ökonomischer (17 statt 23 Items) und zeigt höhere Augenscheinvalidität: Eine Stichprobe von 49 Beurteilern schätzte die Items beider Skalen bezüglich sozialer Erwünschtheit ein. Die SES-17-Items erhielten signifikant und bedeutsam höhere Ratings als die SDS-CM-Items.

PUBLISHED BY KOGAN PAGE.

Games and Gamification in Market Research is available online via the Kogan Page website here: https://www.koganpage.com/product/games-and-gamification-in-market-research-9780749483357

This book will be translated to Portuguese in late 2020, and to Spanish in late 2021.

As well as ordering your copy through Kogan Page, this book is also available via Amazon, Waterstones, Barnes and Noble, Foyles, Book Depository, Telegraph Books, the Harvard Bookstore, and many more outlets.

Check out the book companion website to find out more: https://www.gamesandgamification.com

SYNOPSIS
Why don’t research participants take part in surveys as much as we want them to, even when they’re given, sometimes lucrative, incentives? Because they’re unengaged, and games, by contrast, are the most engaging medium of all time.

Games harness storytelling and heuristics, drive emotion and push the evolution of technology in a way that no other platform has. It’s no surprise, then, that games and gamification are revolutionizing the market research industry, offering opportunities to reinvigorate the notoriously sluggish engagement levels seen in traditional surveying methods. This not only improves data quality, but offers untapped insights unattainable through traditional methods. Games and Gamification in Market Research shows readers how to design ResearchGames and Gamified Surveys that will intrinsically engage participants and how best to use these methodologies to become, and stay, commercially competitive.

In a world where brands and organizations are increasingly interested in the feelings and contexts that drive consumer choices, Games and Gamification in Market Research gives readers the skills to use the components in games to encourage play and observe consumer behaviours via simulations for predictive modelling. Written by Betty Adamou, the UK’s leading research game designer and named as one of seven women shaping the future of market research, it explains the ways in which these methodologies will evolve with technologies such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence, and how it will shape research careers. This book provides a fully immersive and fascinating overview of game-based research.

In recent years ‘movement parties’ such as Syriza in Greece, the Movimento 5 Stelle in Italy, Podemos in Spain and—to a lesser extent—Bloco de Esquerda in Portugal shook national party systems, breaking the consolidated dynamics of political competition. Despite growing interest in movement parties, there has been scant attention to the role of citizens adopting unconventional forms of action and using digital media in accounting for their electoral performance. To fill this gap, four original internet-based post-electoral surveys are employed showing that protesters and digital media users are more likely to vote for these parties, despite important country differences.

تم نشر البحث في العدد الخامس عشر من المجلة السعودية للإعلام والاتصال
مايو 2016
وهو يتناول عدد من الإشكاليات المنهجية التي تواجه الباحثين في دراسة تطبيقات ووسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ويطرح حلولا ومخارج عملية مقترحة للتعامل مع هذه الإشكاليات المنهجية عبر عدة مستويات

This report presents preliminary findings from an online survey conducted in 2009 concerning views and practices relating to the Fifth Precept in Buddhism.  Respondents were mainly from North America, Europe and Oceania.

This work was carried out just prior to the Master's dissertation, 'Avoiding pamāda: An analysis of the Fifth Precept as Social Protection in Contemporary Contexts with reference to the early Buddhist teachings', available at https://www.academia.edu/34976455/.  It was necessary to ascertain current practice and interpretations so as to enable comparison with the canonical texts.  Thus whilst not part of the formal assessment, it should be read in conjunction with the dissertation and has been classified as a 'thesis chapter'.

Facebook’s global reach suggests good potential for recruiting research participants and collecting objective behavioral data for cross-cultural research. Previous literature suggests the usefulness of Facebook advertisements to recruit participants in single-country studies. However, Facebook advert use in multi-country studies has not yet been reported. Nor are there any reports about soliciting Facebook user data (via Facebook applications) using Facebook advertisements. This paper contributes to this gap in Internet research literature, reporting the effectiveness of Facebook advertisements to recruit participants, and solicit anonymized Facebook user data, in a 20-country study about privacy concern on Facebook. In 7 days, 399 Facebook users from 18 countries responded to country-targeted advertisements in 13 languages. Response rates (ratio of advert clicks to valid responses) per country varied from 0% up to 14%. Overall, two-thirds of countries’ response rates were below 5%. We conclude for multi-national studies, Facebook advertisements may have potential for simple participant recruitment for surveys, but have limitations for soliciting Facebook user data. For user data collection, methods such as Amazon Mechanical Turk and snowball sampling may be more effective, but can be limited in their international reach.

Анотація. У статті розглядається підхід, за допомогою якого можна реалізувати опитування з використанням факторіального дизайну у онлайн з використанням оболонки LimeSurvey. Наведено покрокову реалізацію: створення онлайн-панелі, імпорт панелі у систему опитування та у дослідження, формування віньєток та створення прив’язки віньєток до респондентів, імпорт фрагментів віньєток у маркери системи. Показано, як формувати динамічну частину анкети, де для кожного респондента формується окремий набір запитань.
Abstract. In the article the approach by which is possible to implement the online survey using factorial design with LimeSurvey is considered. We presented an implementation of this approach: creating an online panel, import of panel to the online system and to research, formation and creating vignettes, reference of vignettes to respondents, import fragments of vignettes to the system markers. We show how to create a dynamic form of the questionnaire, where each respondent receives a separate set of questions.

Increasing the efficiency of electricity transmission is nearing the top of the agenda in many countries around the world. Turkey, the world’s most newly industrialized country, is no different. Modernizing the current transmission grids to smart grids (SG) and the national rollout of smart meters (SM), are some of the measures taken by the government to meet the growing demand for electricity. Consumer acceptance and engagement are among the most important elements for the success of SG and SM, however, there have not been much studies done among Turkish electricity consumers. This purpose of this study is to fill this void, by detailing the attitudes, awareness and expectations among Turkish citizens regarding SM and listing recommendations for energy companies based on the findings. Through an online questionnaire, responses from 504 social media users were collected and analyzed. Results show that the consumers are open towards the acceptance of SM, but there is a need to raise ...

The Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) was developed to obtain quantitative data on the domestic equine triad: training, management and behaviour. It can be taken repeatedly, thus collecting longitudinal data to enable evaluation of how changes in a horse’s training and management are reflected in that horse’s behaviour over time and how these changes can impact horse welfare in the longer term. Questionnaire validation and reliability were tested by determining (a) whether an owner’s subjective ratings of their horse’s problematic behaviours or undesirable temperament traits were reflected in the questionnaire scores obtained for that horse (construct validity), (b) whether two respondents, equally familiar with a particular horse, reported comparable scores for that horse through the questionnaire (inter-rater reliability), and (c) whether the same respondent, scoring the same horse after a known interval of time, recorded similar responses (intra-rate...

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of post-traumatic distress, alexithymia, dissociation, and addictive behaviors during the stressful situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aimed to determine whether trauma, alexithymia, and dissociation can effectively predict the risk of addiction in non-clinical subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two hundred nineteen subjects completed a web survey during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Dissociative Experience Scale-II (DES-II), and the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). Females reported higher levels of COVID-19-related traumatic stress than males (p = 0.009). A greater fear of getting COVID-19 was associated with significantly high IES-R scores (p < 0.0005). IES-R total score was significantly lower in the "not internetaddicted" group than that in the "internet-addicted" group (p < 0.0005). Furthermore, DES-II total score was significantly higher in the "internet-addicted" group than that in the "non internet-addicted" group (p < 0.0005). No statistically significant score differences were highlighted in the "alcohol" group. Future research with longitudinal studies and larger samples will have to clarify whether trauma, alexithymia, and dissociation can effectively predict the risk of addiction in non-clinical subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic.

India has a largely cooling dominated climate where space cooling accounts for approximately 31% of the energy consumed by commercial buildings. Deeper market penetration of air conditioning systems, higher income levels driving higher comfort expectations, and growing floor space have led to a steep rise in associated carbon emissions. India needs to adopt an energy efficient regime in which governments, businesses and individuals transform the way buildings are designed, built and operated, while still maintaining high levels of occupant satisfaction. Two diverse approaches are practiced in India to achieve energy efficiency. The first relies on passive design strategies based on traditional wisdom. The second relies on high-performance HVAC building conditioning systems. Most Indian climate zones offer opportunities to design and operate buildings as naturally ventilated or mixed-mode. But such design practices need to be promoted on the basis of scientific studies related to occupant behavior, comfort and associated energy consumption. This paper evaluates occupant satisfaction in a mix of consciously-designed air conditioned and mixed-mode buildings based on online surveys, and limited physical measurements. The survey includes questions about thermal comfort, indoor air quality, air movement, acoustics and adaptive controls such as windows and fans. The paper offers an understanding about the perception and behavior of occupants in mixed-mode buildings in various climate zones of India to help identify strategies to promote efficient mixed-mode buildings in both India and other regions.

The use of the life history calendar (LHC) or the event history calendar as tools for collecting retrospective data has eceived increasing attention in many fields of social science and medicine. However, little research has examined the use of this method with web-based surveys. In this study, we adapted this method to an on-line setting to collect information about young adults' life histories, sexual behaviors, and substance use. We hypothesized that the LHC method would help respondents to date sensitive and
non-sensitive events more precisely than when using a conventional questionnaire. We conducted an experimental design study comparing university students' responses to an on-line LHC and a conventional on-line question list. A test-retest design in which the respondents completed the survey again two weeks later was also applied to test the precision and reliability of the participants' dating of events.
The results showed that whereas the numbers of sensitive and non-sensitive events were generally similar for the two on-line questionnaires, the responses obtained with the LHC were more consistent across the two administrations. Analyses of the respondents' on-line behavior while completing the LHC confirmed that respondents used the LHC's graphic interface to correct and reedit previous answers, thus decreasing data errors.

در این مجال سعی شده است که کتاب «اجرای تحقیقات پیمایشی به وسیله ایمیل و وب» ، نوشته‌ی «متیاس شون لا، رونالددی فریکر جیآر و مارکان الیوت»  با ترجمهی دکتر رضا فاضل که توسط مرکز تحقیقات صدا و سیمای جمهوری اسلامی ایران به چاپ رسیده است، مورد نقد قرار گیرد. این کتاب، باوجود اینکه کتاب کوچیکی است و به صورت خیلی آسان و ساده بحث‌‌های خود را ذیل پژوهش‌های اینترنتی دنبال می‌کند؛ اما پیشگفتار آن از سوی مرکز تحقیقات صدا و سیما به این نکته تأکید شده است که "فقدان یک منبع معتبر و نسبتاً جامع برای پاسخگویی به ضرورت [پیمایش اینترنتی] این مرکز را بر آن داشته است تا ترجمه کتاب حاضر را در دستور کار خویش قرار دهد". به نظر می‌رسد، چاپ اول کتاب در سال 1385 و چاپ دوم آن در سال1388 به دلیل استقبال آن از سوی پژوهشگران مهر تائیدی است بر ادعای مذکور

When describing words which denote real life objects, dictionaries tend to use scientific terms and classifications, even when dealing with natural language. This approach may lead to misunderstanding, especially in cases when scientific classification (e.g. in biology) differs from what is found in natural language data. One of such cases is discussed here, namely the small but rather interesting class of nuts (Russian orexi). In the botanic world view nuts usually include hazelnuts and chestnuts, but do not include walnuts or almonds (which are considered stone fruits), pine nuts (seeds), peanuts (legumes), pistachio (kernels), etc. The Russian orex, English nut, Latin nux exhibit similar behaviour here. Explanatory dictionaries of Russian more or less follow the botanical definitions, even though in many fields (such as cooking, food industry, medicine, etc.) nuts are classified differently. In order to establish the boundaries of nuts in Russian, more than 1000 native speakers were questioned and multiple texts of different periods were studied. The result is a peculiar class which could not be identified with any of the natural language supercategories described by Anna Wierzbicka. A new lexicographic description is proposed for some words included into this class.

Despite organisations’ widespread Internet use and ready availability of Web survey software, few studies have examined explicitly the impact on employees’ responses of using Web as opposed to mail based surveys.  Using an experimental design in an environment where employees are IT literate using the Internet in their everyday work, this article addresses this gap using an employee attitude survey distributed to a 50% systematic sample of 3338 employees by mail, remaining employees receiving the survey via a Web-link.  Although the return rate for Web (49.1%) was higher than for mail (33.5%), quality of Web returns was reduced by a higher number of partial responses and abandonments.  Taking into account effect size, significant differences in response were small other than for open question content.  Recommendations regarding use of Web based surveys are offered and areas for future research suggested.