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    Ch.5 Transistor Biasing

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    des tos
    Transistors can operate in three regions based on the biasing conditions: cutoff, active, and saturation. Transistor biasing refers to setting the proper operating conditions of current and voltage for a transistor circuit to function as intended. This involves establishing the operating point in the active region and making it stable and independent of temperature variations or transistor parameter changes. Common biasing methods include fixed bias, collector-to-base bias, and voltage divider bias circuits, which aim to control the base current IB and collector current IC from the power supply voltage. The stability factor S indicates how sensitive the operating point is to changes in the transistor parameters.

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    Ch.5 Transistor Biasing

    Uploaded by

    des tos
    25 views19 pages
    Transistors can operate in three regions based on the biasing conditions: cutoff, active, and saturation. Transistor biasing refers to setting the proper operating conditions of current and voltage for a transistor circuit to function as intended. This involves establishing the operating point in the active region and making it stable and independent of temperature variations or transistor parameter changes. Common biasing methods include fixed bias, collector-to-base bias, and voltage divider bias circuits, which aim to control the base current IB and collector current IC from the power supply voltage. The stability factor S indicates how sensitive the operating point is to changes in the transistor parameters.

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    Transistors can operate in three regions based on the biasing conditions: cutoff, active, and saturation. Transistor biasing refers to setting the proper operating conditions of current and voltage for a transistor circuit to function as intended. This involves establishing the operating point in the active region and making it stable and independent of temperature variations or transistor parameter changes. Common biasing methods include fixed bias, collector-to-base bias, and voltage divider bias circuits, which aim to control the base current IB and collector current IC from the power supply voltage. The stability factor S indicates how sensitive the operating point is to changes in the transistor parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views19 pages

    Ch.5 Transistor Biasing

    Uploaded by

    des tos
    Transistors can operate in three regions based on the biasing conditions: cutoff, active, and saturation. Transistor biasing refers to setting the proper operating conditions of current and voltage for a transistor circuit to function as intended. This involves establishing the operating point in the active region and making it stable and independent of temperature variations or transistor parameter changes. Common biasing methods include fixed bias, collector-to-base bias, and voltage divider bias circuits, which aim to control the base current IB and collector current IC from the power supply voltage. The stability factor S indicates how sensitive the operating point is to changes in the transistor parameters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

     Operating point of a transistor

    Transistors can be operated in the three regions:


    Transistor Biasing?

     What is Transistor Biasing?


     Transistors are one of the largely used semiconductor devices which
    are used for wide variety of applications including amplification and
    switching. However to achieve these functions satisfactorily, transistor
    has to be supplied with certain amount of current and/or voltage. The
    process of setting these conditions for a transistor circuit is referred to
    as Transistor Biasing.
     Without appropriate transistor biasing, the transistor may not function at
    all or amplify very poorly, such as produce clipping of the signal or
    produce too low of gain. Therefore, it's very important that a transistor is
    biased correctly for it to produce the intended output effect.

    Proper biasing a transistor provides faithful amplifications as follows:


     increase in magnitude of a signal given to the input and
     without any change in shape at output.
    To get faithful amplifications, the following conditions must be fulfilled:
    i. Proper zero signal collector current
    ii. Minimum proper base-emitter voltage (VBE) at any instant
    (Base-emitter junction always properly forward biased)
    iii. Minimum proper collector-emitter (VCE) at any instant.
    (Base-collector Junction always properly reverse biased)

    i. Proper zero signal collector current


    II. Minimum proper VBE at any instant iii. Minimum proper VCE at any instant

    Hence, transistor biasing is very essential for the proper operation of


    transistor in any circuit.
    In addition, unfaithful amplification may occurs due to following reasons:

     Collector current changes rapidly


     Temperatures changes
     Transistor is replaced by another of same type (due to
    inherent variations of transistor parameters such as , VBE)

     Operating point may change

    However, for faithful amplification, the operating point should be remain


    fixed or stabilized.

    Stabilization
    The process of making operating point independent of temperature changes or
    variations in transistor parameters is known as stabilization.

    Stabilization of the orating point is necessary due to the following reasons:


    i. Temperature dependence of IC
    ii. Individual variations
    iii. Thermal runaway
    Need for transistor biasing
    i. Establish the operating point in the centre of load line, so that when we
    apply input signal the operating point does not move either in saturation or
    cutoff region.
    ii. Make Q-point independent of device parameters variation so that it does
    not shift.
    iii. Stabilize the collector current against temperature variations.
    Different Methods for Transistor Biasing

    The biasing in transistor circuits is done by using two DC sources VBB and
    VCC. It is economical to minimize the DC source to one supply instead of two
    which also makes the circuit simple.

    The commonly used methods of transistor biasing are:


     Base bias or Fixed bias circuit
     Collector to base bias circuit
     Voltage-divider bias or self bias circuit

    All of these methods have the same basic principle of obtaining the required
    value of IB and IC from VCC in the zero signal conditions.
     Base bias or Fixed bias circuit
    Vcc Vcc

    Vc

    VE

    Fig. (a) Fixed bias circuit Fig. (b) DC equivalent of fixed bias circuit
    Base circuit: Collector circuit:
    Applying KVL, Applying KVL,

    …(1)
    From Eq.(2), we have

    …(4)

    IB is controlled by the value of RB, and IC=IB. The magnitude of IC is not a function of Rc.
    Therefore, changing Rc will not affect the level of IB and IC. However, the change in Rc will
    change the value of VCE.
    Advantage of fixed bias circuit:

    Disadvantage of fixed bias circuit:


    Problem:
    Stability factor, S
    In fixed bias
    circuit, IB is
    independent
    of IC.
    Problem: In the following figure, a silicon transistor with = 100 is biased by
    fixed bias method. Draw the d.c. load line and determine the operating point.
    What is the stability factor?
     Collector to base bias circuit

    RB or IB= ??
    S = ??

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