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The chapter discusses cultural and social aspects of clothing in Byzantium. Issues addressed are gendering of clothes, female power dressing, elite garments, gendered response to foreign influences, work wear, and clothes as a means of... more
The chapter discusses cultural and social aspects of clothing in Byzantium. Issues addressed are gendering of clothes, female power dressing, elite garments, gendered response to foreign influences, work wear, and clothes as a means of communicating gendered values. A short epilogue presents the refashioning of Byzantine costumes in contemporary fashion. Research is based on a combination of visual, archaeological, and textual sources.
After a presentation of the Danish architect and archaeologist Ejnar Dyggve's excavations in Thessaloniki in the late antique palace complex (1939), the article turns to the Dano-Norwegian archaeological and art-historical studies in the... more
After a presentation of the Danish architect and archaeologist Ejnar Dyggve's excavations in Thessaloniki in the late antique palace complex (1939), the article turns to the Dano-Norwegian archaeological and art-historical studies in the Rotunda (1953). The local authorities' positive attitude made it possible for Hjalmar Torp to work for four months on the scaffolding inside the monument to examine, describe and make drawings and photographs of the cupola mosaics. Permission was also granted to excavate in the choir of the church. These excavations uncovered remains of holy relics. The forensic report on the contents of the altar relic tomb is published here in full for the first time.
The article focuses on female clothing depicted in wall paintings from Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae. A main point is to establish the semantics of costumes and colour: how do the aesthetic spaces of 'real' Pompeian garments worn by... more
The article focuses on female clothing depicted in wall paintings from Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae. A main point is to establish the semantics of costumes and colour: how do the aesthetic spaces of 'real' Pompeian garments worn by professional and working women in the first century intersect with 'ideal' garb represented in mythological and genre scenes? What do the colours chosen for clothing reveal about status and how did the ancient viewers negotiate the shifting meanings of a given hue according to context? I argue that the colours of both real and represented clothing were largely dictated by fabric, with pastel hues for silk and saturated primary hues for wool. The article proposes two interrelated colour domains, each with its particular connotations: saturated basic chromatics for everyday wear and a pastel palette for elite attire.
In recent years, important discoveries have been made at archaeological sites in the Bay of Naples, and scholars have used new approaches such as gender studies and material agency to explore both familiar and less familiar aspects of... more
In recent years, important discoveries have been made at archaeological sites in the Bay of Naples, and scholars have used new approaches such as gender studies and material agency to explore both familiar and less familiar aspects of Pompeii and the surrounding areas. The current special issue of CLARA: Pompeii from the Real to the Ideal focuses on the presentation and interpretation of the archaeological evidence from Pompeii and its impact on later art and culture.
Dear professors, researchers and students CLARA (Classical Art and Archaeology) is an online, open access and peer-reviewed journal which covers a wide range of topics that can be termed antiquity studies. Hosted by the Museum of Cultural... more
Dear professors, researchers and students CLARA (Classical Art and Archaeology) is an online, open access and peer-reviewed journal which covers a wide range of topics that can be termed antiquity studies. Hosted by the Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo, CLARA aims to publish articles, essays, reviews and special issues of a high academic quality within the field of classical art and archaeology and make them accessible to a wide scholarly public.
Research Interests:
In his formalist art history, Alois Riegl (1858-1905) focuses on figure and ground, light and dark, and tactile versus optical features. Strangely, he shows little interest in colour. Thus, in Stilfragen (1893) and in Spätrömische... more
In his formalist art history, Alois Riegl (1858-1905) focuses on figure and ground, light and dark, and tactile versus optical features. Strangely, he shows little interest in colour. Thus, in Stilfragen (1893) and in Spätrömische Kunstindustrie (1901) artefacts and monuments are discussed as if they were fashioned in black and white. Even when describing mosaics and book illuminations, Riegl refrains from mentioning specific colours. In connection with baroque painting (Die Entstehung der Barockkunst in Rom, 1908) the almost total lack of colour description is even more striking. Although Riegl may have found form to be more objective than colour, and he also relied heavily on black and white reproductions, another explanation for his exclusion of chromatic features could be that he did not see colour well. The article proposes that Riegl may have been among the 8-10 per cent of males who suffer from colour blindness
The people who commissioned artworks and monumental decorations in late antiquity are for the most part unknown. Even when names are recorded, it is often difficult to tell to what extent the demands of the patron determined the visual... more
The people who commissioned artworks and monumental decorations in late antiquity are for the most part unknown. Even when names are recorded, it is often difficult to tell to what extent the demands of the patron determined the visual characteristics of a given work. Since styles were tied to workshop traditions and contentions, it can be argued that in most instances, the patron had but limited influence on stylistic properties. Evidence actually suggests that the style of a work often came about independently of the one who commissioned or purchased it. The style was conditioned by function and context. The article, therefore, proposes a functional paradigm for evaluating visual expressions, defining three main domains of representation: public monuments, religious programmes, and artworks. In search of the late antique patron, the conclusion reached is that the patron had most impact in the religious domain.
This collection of articles is the result of a seminar with the title Perceiving Matter: Visual, Material and Sensual Communication from Antiquity to the Middle Ages and Beyond, held April 5th 2019 at the Museum of Cultural History (MCH),... more
This collection of articles is the result of a seminar with the title Perceiving Matter: Visual, Material and Sensual Communication from Antiquity to the Middle Ages and Beyond, held April 5th 2019 at the Museum of Cultural History (MCH), University of Oslo. The seminar was arranged by Marina Prusac-Lindhagen and Kaja Kollandsrud and established the research group ‘Polychrome Art History’ https://www.khm.uio.no/english/research/research-groups/polychrome-art-history/
In the twenty-first century, famous antique statues have been reinterpreted by artists of very different backgrounds. A characteristic feature of the contemporary artwork is the use of unconventional sculptural materials such as paper,... more
In the twenty-first century, famous antique statues have been reinterpreted by artists of very different backgrounds. A characteristic feature of the contemporary artwork is the use of unconventional sculptural materials such as paper, soap, concrete, polycarbonate and metal cans. In the dialogue called the Cratylus, Socrates explains that 'images are far from possessing the same qualities as the originals they imitate' (432d). Socrates refers to the relationship between an image (eikon) and its human model, but much the same can be said about the relationship between the new images and their ancient art-historical models. Aristotle holds that matter (hyle) is separate from form (eidos). In the contemporary works, the matter is changed-e.g. from marble to hydrostone or from bronze to concrete-but the form is preserved. The antique statue is the underlying thing (Aristotle's hypokeimenon) that persists through the material changes. The article presents some of the ways that European, Asian and American artists, in the second decade of the twenty-first century, transform the appearance of renowned antique statues.
This special issue of CLARA titled 'The Classical in Contemporary Art and Visual Culture' focuses on the impact of Greco-Roman antiquity on present day art and culture. Over the last few decades, antique statues have been revived again... more
This special issue of CLARA titled 'The Classical in Contemporary Art and Visual Culture' focuses on the impact of Greco-Roman antiquity on present day art and culture. Over the last few decades, antique statues have been revived again and again, turning up in new guises in contemporary art from all over the globe. In addition to new works based on specific ancient statues, some artists create art that references the past in a more general way. Other artists question the divide between past and present raising the possibility of 'multi-temporality', a phenomenon that will be explored in connection with recent exhibitions. Another aspect of the interaction of antiquity and the contemporary world is the association between luxury brands and antique monuments, fashion brands taking on the role of patrons, paying large sums for the restoration of Roman landmarks. By studying various types of exchanges between the classical and the contemporary, the papers aim to throw light on why artists and designers continue to draw inspiration from ancient art; in short, why antiquity continues to fascinate.
Depictions of rainbows in late antique and early Byzantine art follow the normal sequence of the spectral colours, only some bows exclude blue and violet. Another characteristic feature of the late antique rainbow is the inclusion of... more
Depictions of rainbows in late antique and early Byzantine art follow the normal sequence of the spectral colours, only some bows exclude blue and violet. Another characteristic feature of the late antique rainbow is the inclusion of white and the non-spectral hue pink. In order to investigate chromatic characteristics, I use as case studies the comparatively few extant rainbow images of third-to sixth-century date from Thessaloniki, Constantinople, Rome and Ravenna. The rainbows, depicted in a floor mosaic, three illuminated manuscripts and three monumental wall mosaic decorations, are either part of narratives or rainbow-patterned borders used to frame other scenes. To throw light on the chromatic variations, ancient descriptions of rainbows are brought into the discussion and the representations are seen in relation to meteorological research. I propose that the late antique rainbow images follow two visual traditions, both of which can be traced back to the Hellenistic period and both of which are grounded in scientific research. One is the sunrise/sunset rainbow that ranges from red to green. I argue that the exclusion of blue/violet may be due to its being more difficult to see against the sky, the wavelength of violet being closest to the boundary beyond which coloured light tends to look black. The variant type, found especially in the church mosaics, covers the whole spectrum from red via green to violet as well as pink and white. I suggest that the non-spectral pink hues can be understood as the gradations of red that can sometimes be observed in the natural bow and that the white band provides highlight, which combined with a silver line indicates a strong luminance. The dictionary defines a rainbow as 'an arch of colours formed in the sky in certain circumstances, and caused by the refraction and dispersion of the sun's light by rain or other water droplets in the atmosphere. The colours of the
We invite proposals for articles for a special issue of CLARA on the use of antiquity in contemporary art, especially in the last two decades. The special issue aims to explore why classical (Greek and Roman) sculpture and other artwork... more
We invite proposals for articles for a special issue of CLARA on the use of antiquity in contemporary art, especially in the last two decades. The special issue aims to explore why classical (Greek and Roman) sculpture and other artwork continue to fascinate artists in the twenty-first century. Background Continuing a trend of the late twentieth century, the early twenty-first century has witnessed an enduring interest in Greek and Roman antiquity and the classical heritage. A growing number of artists of very different backgrounds, including (alphabetically) have created new works of art based on renowned antique statues such as the Venus de Milo, the Nike of Samothrace, the Apollo Belvedere, the Belvedere torso and the Hercules Farnese. While some artists make new versions of ancient sculptures, other artists create new works in a classical style. Classical images, ranging from statues to temples, also turn up in advertising to promote ideas of high quality and excellent taste. In fashion design, brands such as Versace, Chanel and not least Dolce & Gabbana, who in recent collections have presented male and female couture decorated with Greek coins, Sicilian temples and Black-and Red-figure vases, have similarly embraced the classical.
Research Interests:
Mimetophobia, the fear of imitation, in the sense of a negative or sceptical attitude towards resemblance, may have been caused by a too narrow interpretation of the concept mimesis as naturalistic representation and slavish imitation.... more
Mimetophobia, the fear of imitation, in the sense of a negative or sceptical attitude towards resemblance, may have been caused by a too narrow interpretation of the concept mimesis as naturalistic representation and slavish imitation. Greek and Roman texts suggest that mimesis had a wide range of meanings: mimesis as neutral representation; mimesis as lifelikeness; mimesis as naturalism and illusion; mimesis as visualisation (phantasia) and mimesis as artistic repetition. Discussing the term mimesis in connection with ancient art, I propose that the artists used different mimetic modes depending on the function of the images. I further argue that the antique mimesis was "medium-specific", and that the artists were more concerned with material and technical excellence than with imitating natural appearances. Comparing antique and contemporary practices, it is found that the hyperrealistic sculptures of Carole A. Feuerman, John DeAndrea and Ron Mueck are closer to Plato's concept of mimesis as visual deception than any ancient work could ever have been.
The article discusses the material and aesthetic qualities of the female stucco saints in the Tempietto Longobardo at Cividale del Friuli (c. AD 750). The stuccoes combine two artistic and technical traditions: marble statuary of antique... more
The article discusses the material and aesthetic qualities of the female stucco saints in the Tempietto Longobardo at Cividale del Friuli (c. AD 750). The stuccoes combine two artistic and technical traditions: marble statuary of antique derivation and figural stucco relief. The surface texture of stucco differs considerably from that of marble: while marble is shiny, stucco tends to be dull. Since colours enhanced the visual impact of the saintly figures in the Tempietto, the polychromy-of which only very faint traces remain-was probably the most important aspect of the sculpture. It is a matter of speculation whether the viewer would have perceived any physical difference in surface appearance between the painted stucco and painted stone when seen from a distance. In order to gain an idea of the aesthetic impact of the reliefs when painted and perhaps gilded, the article presents hypothetical reconstructions of colour based on the wall paintings preserved in the Tempietto. Located in the gastaldaga, the seat of the Longobard king's representative at Cividale del Friuli (Udine), Sa Maria in Valle, better known as the Tempietto Longobardo, served as a palatine chapel. 1 The dedicatory inscription mentions 'pies auctores'. 2 These 'pious founders' were plausibly the Longobard king, Aistulf (749-756), and his wife Giseltrude. Upon the death of Aistulf, Giseltrude became a nun. A local tradition has it that a certain Pertrude, by some scholars identified with Giseltrude, founded the monastery of Sa Maria in Valle. 3 Whatever the case, at least the importance bestowed upon female saints in the decoration of the chapel, and the marked interest in issues of fashion and design evidenced in their vestments, may bespeak the presence of a female patron.
The twenty-first century has witnessed a growing interest in antique and medieval polychromy. By now it is generally acknowledged that colour is an integral part of their sculpture. In the present special issue of CLARA, scholars from... more
The twenty-first century has witnessed a growing interest in antique and medieval polychromy. By now it is generally acknowledged that colour is an integral part of their sculpture. In the present special issue of CLARA, scholars from various disciplines explore different aspects of sculptural polychromy in marble, glass, stucco, wood and terracotta – from Antiquity to the Renaissance: The multisensory perception of colour, the interplay of colour and texture, the treatment of sculpted surfaces, the importance of gilding and polishes, and the challenges when reconstructing lost polychromy. Combining empirical and theoretical data, the special issue includes hitherto unpublished colour reconstructions and scientific details.

This collection of articles is the result of a seminar with the title Perceiving Matter: Visual, Material and Sensual Communication from Antiquity to the –Middle Ages and Beyond, held April 5th 2019 at the Museum of Cultural History (MCH), University of Oslo. The seminar was arranged by Marina Prusac-Lindhagen and Kaja Kollandsrud and established the research group ‘Polychrome Art History’ https://www.khm.uio.no/english/research/research-groups/polychrome-art-history/
The article discusses Byzantine attire by focusing on imperial and courtly dress from early to late Byzantium, with main emphasis on Constantinopolitan styles. The visual evidence - mosaics and illuminations - is seen in relation to the... more
The article discusses Byzantine attire by focusing on imperial and courtly dress from early to late Byzantium, with main emphasis on Constantinopolitan styles. The visual evidence - mosaics and illuminations - is seen in relation to the written and material sources. Key looks from the sixth to the fifteenth centuries are presented.
The people who commissioned artworks and monumental decorations in late antiquity are for the most part unknown. Even when names are recorded, it is often difficult to tell to what extent the demands of the patron determined the visual... more
The people who commissioned artworks and monumental decorations in late antiquity are for the most part unknown. Even when names are recorded, it is often difficult to tell to what extent the demands of the patron determined the visual characteristics of a given work. Since styles were tied to workshop traditions and conventions, it can be argued that in most instances, the patron had but limited influence on stylistic properties. Evidence actually suggests that the style of a work often came about independently of the one who commissioned or purchased it. Style was conditioned by function and context. The article therefore proposes a functional paradigm for evaluating visual expressions, defining three main domains of representation: public monuments, religious programs and artworks.
Some portraits show Alexander the Great with his neck twisted and head tilted, mostly to the left, occasionally to the right. Similarly, Plutarch and later Sources describe Alexander as having a tilted or twisted neck. This head posture... more
Some portraits show Alexander the Great with his neck twisted and head tilted, mostly to the left, occasionally to the right. Similarly, Plutarch and later Sources describe Alexander as having a tilted or twisted neck. This head posture has been subject to discussion by archaeologists as well as physicians. While most archaeologists believe the posture to be a question of iconography, many physicians have put it down to a physical defect. In fact, in very recent medical publications, Alexander is still presented as suffering from torticollis, twisted neck, a diagnosis launched in the mid-nineteenth century. This study concludes that a potential physical defect is unlikely to have been depicted in the official portraits of Alexander.
Edited by: Siri Sande, Turid Karlsen Seim, Sebastian Salvadó Contents: Siri Sande – The “Barbarian Princes” in the Ara Pacis Procession and the Origin and Development of the so-called Camillus Coiffure Eve D’Ambra – Elite and Mass... more
Edited by: Siri Sande, Turid Karlsen Seim, Sebastian Salvadó
Contents:

Siri Sande – The “Barbarian Princes” in the Ara Pacis Procession and the Origin and Development of the so-called Camillus Coiffure

Eve D’Ambra – Elite and Mass Appeal of Roman Imperial Female Portraiture: The Case of Vibia Sabina

Bente Kiilerich – The Barletta Colossos Revisited

Hjalmar Torp – Lo Sfondo Storico-Iconografico dell'Immagine di Cristo nel Tempietto Longobardo a Cividale

Per Jonas Nordhagen – In the Iconographer’s Studio. The Fashioning of New Motif Types in Pre-Iconoclastic Art

Lasse Hodne – Umbra et Figura. La Pittura Fiorentina del Quattrocento e il “Modo Figurativo”

Louis Cellauro – Palladio and Vitruvius: Composition, Style, and Vocabulary of the Quattro Libri
Research Interests:
The Barletta colossus is the sole large-scale statue in bronze preserved of a late antique emperor; the only comparable image is the even larger, but fragmentary, Constantinian emperor in Rome. According to local tradition, the Barletta... more
The Barletta colossus is the sole large-scale statue in bronze preserved of a late antique emperor; the only comparable image is the even larger, but fragmentary, Constantinian emperor in Rome. According to local tradition, the Barletta colossus depicts the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610-641). Modern researchers tend to regard this attribution as mere folklore and fiction. But while there is general agreement that the statue does not portray Heraclius, there is no agreement as to whom it may have been intended to portray. About a dozen different emperors have been proposed, suggested dates ranging from the fourth to the eighth century. The present article reviews the evidence and discusses the methodological problems we face when dealing with this enigmatic work.
Summary A study of the visual characteristics of the Centcelles mosaics reveals that different figurative modes were used to convey the different messages of the figural zones, and that the ornaments were chosen to match the style and... more
Summary
A study of the visual characteristics of the Centcelles mosaics reveals that different figurative modes were used to convey the different messages of the figural zones, and that the ornaments were chosen to match the style and content of the images they frame. Although a local tradition for wall- and floors mosaic exists in the Tarraconensis, closely comparable material is lacking. ... The commissioner was probably a member of the senatorial aristocracy, here tentatively identified as the provincial governor Lucilius Constantius. Suggested date: 375-400.
Research Interests:
The survey discusses wall- and vault mosaics (Centcelles, Rotunda Thessaloniki), floor mosaics (Aquileia, Madaba, Petra), paintings, textiles, sculpture, sumptuary arts (silver, ivory), iconographical themes (martyrs, Christ, baptism,... more
The survey discusses wall- and vault mosaics (Centcelles, Rotunda Thessaloniki), floor mosaics (Aquileia, Madaba, Petra), paintings, textiles, sculpture, sumptuary arts (silver, ivory), iconographical themes (martyrs, Christ, baptism, crucifixion), etc.
Research Interests:

And 44 more

In this comprehensive monograph (vol. I: 568 pp text; vol. II: 192 pp photos in colour and b/w, including architectural drawings by E. Dyggve, not previously published), Hjalmar Torp presents the results of his life-long research on the... more
In this comprehensive monograph (vol. I: 568 pp text; vol. II: 192 pp photos in colour and b/w, including architectural drawings by E. Dyggve, not previously published), Hjalmar Torp presents the results of his life-long research on the Rotunda at Thessaloniki. He explores the archaeological data, the architectural phases of the building and the chronological problems of the monument. He pays special attention to the mosaics of cupola and vaults. The detailed descriptions of the mosaics are based on in situ study from scaffoldings in 1953 and later. The execution of the palatine church and its decoration is attributed to the initiative of the emperor Theodosius the Great.
Illustrations (600dpi) to the book Visual Dynamics. Reflections on Late Antique Images (2015)
Research Interests:
Late Antique and Byzantine Studies, Late Antique Archaeology, Portraiture, Late Antiquity, Sculpture, and 32 more
In connection with the recent publishing of H. Torp, La rotonde palatine à Thessalonique, Athens 2018: a powerpoint presentation in English by Hjalmar Torp and Bente Kiilerich at the occasion of the 30-year Anniversary of the Norwegian... more
In connection with the recent publishing of H. Torp, La rotonde palatine à Thessalonique, Athens 2018: a powerpoint presentation in English by Hjalmar Torp and Bente Kiilerich at the occasion of the 30-year Anniversary of the Norwegian Institute at Athens.
Venue: Swedish Institute at Athens, Mitseon 9, Wednesday 13. March 2019, 15:00-16:00.
When the Hephaisteion on the Kolonos Agoraios was converted into a church, the exterior of the building retained most of its classical features including its architectural sculpture. Thus although it functioned as a church, from the... more
When the Hephaisteion on the Kolonos Agoraios was converted into a church, the exterior of the building retained most of its classical features including its architectural sculpture. Thus although it functioned as a church, from the outside it still looked like a temple. Old drawings and prints depict the small no-longer-extant polygonal apse that was added in the east. Today the barrel vault of the cella is the only architectural remains of the Byzantine Church of St George. The date of the conversion and the number of Christian building phases are uncertain. Orlandos (1936) believed the temple was transformed into a church in the fifth century and that it originally had a larger apse, which was later supplanted by the small one. Based on the style of some carved ornaments reused as pilaster capitals in the bema arch, Alison Frantz (1965) proposed that the conversion took place in the seventh century, a date that is now generally accepted. Still, the ornaments are difficult to date with precision and only give a terminus post quem. It is also uncertain whether the barrel vault belongs to the first phase of the church or to a subsequent rebuilding. The paper revisits the chronological problems and tries to reconcile the disparate evidence.
A discussion of Derrida's discussion of Heidegger and Schapiro's interpretations of van Gogh's paintings of shoes.
A discussion of some recent attempts to recreate the physical appearance of Roman emperors by means of different methods such as hyperrealistic sculpture, neural net tools and face detection software. These techniques have resulted in... more
A discussion of some recent attempts to recreate the physical appearance of Roman emperors by means of different methods such as hyperrealistic sculpture, neural net tools and face detection software. These techniques have resulted in fascinating visualisations. Still, since the outcome depends on the interpretation of artistic representations, the actual apperances of the ancient subjects remain uncertain. The large variety of "Julius Caesars" is a case in point.
A study of the Greek elements in Dolce & Gabbana's Autumn/Winter 2019/2020 Alta Moda and Alta Sartoria collections.
A presentation and discussion of Dolce & Gabbana, S/S 2014.
A discussion of the use of classical statues - the Discobolus, the Zeus from Artemision - in advertising.
Research Interests:
Byzantine influence in the designs of Dolce & Gabbana.
The article discusses Pistoletto's iconic Arte Povera sculpture Venere degli stracci (Venus of the Rags), 1967 to 2013, and its relationship to classical and neo-classical statues of Venus (in Danish).
A presentation of recent research on the early Byzantine mosaics in the Rotunda at Thessaloniki (in Danish).
The article discusses the Roman spolia in the medieval church of San Giusto, Trieste. The grave stele of the Barbii has been bisected and re-used to frame the portal; some of the portrait heads have been recut; one head is reworked to... more
The article discusses the Roman spolia in the medieval church of San Giusto, Trieste. The grave stele of the Barbii has been bisected and re-used to frame the portal; some of the portrait heads have been recut; one head is reworked to portray a saint.
The Rotunda as part of the imperial palace The Rotunda in Thessaloniki was begun by the emperor Galerius (293-311), but left unfinished and undecorated at the time of his death.1 In a second building phase, the structure was completed and... more
The Rotunda as part of the imperial palace The Rotunda in Thessaloniki was begun by the emperor Galerius (293-311), but left unfinished and undecorated at the time of his death.1 In a second building phase, the structure was completed and converted into a centrally-planed, domed church with presbytery, apse and a wide ambulatory. The impressive church thus created had a diameter of about 54 m.2 The building is situated to the north of the emperor's triumphal arch, the hippo-drome and main parts of the palace, but as is generally acknowledged, in both building phases it formed an integral part of the city's imperial quarters, and the main access to the church remained in the south. Sections of parallel walls running north-south, excavated by E. Dyggve in 1939, provide evidence that the Rotunda, its temenos and the triumphal arch were connected by a monumental, colonnaded processional way.3 In its turn this thoroughly coordinated complex was connected with the palace by a 42 × 18 m great hall, the so-called vestibulum, and a monumental flight of 12 marble steps, more than 18 m broad, and built immediately to the south of the arch.4 There is disagreement as to the date of the Christian rebuilding of the Roman Rotunda; in my opinion, it was done, or at least initiated, by Theodosius I in 379, to serve as his palace church. This should weigh heavily with regard to the question of deliberately inserted elements of imperial connotation in the Rotunda's mosaics, as these were planned and executed together with the transformation of the Roman structure into a church.5 Archaeological evidence indicates that the topographical and architectural integration palace-vestibulum-arch-Rotunda existed into the sixth century, when the ves-tibulum appears to have been destroyed by an earthquake.6 The Rotunda was also severely damaged in the quake. It was then rebuilt and provided with a large, octagonal baptistery in order to serve as the city's metropolitan church.
The wall-paintings in the Tempietto Longobardo at Cividale, ca 750/760, are rendered in an unmistakable Byzantine style. They were probably made by a workshop lead by a master painter from Constantinople. As such, the paintings are... more
The wall-paintings in the Tempietto Longobardo at Cividale, ca 750/760, are rendered in an unmistakable Byzantine style. They were probably made by a workshop lead by a master painter from Constantinople. As such, the paintings are important as rare evidence of figural religious art from the iconoclastic period. The technically most accomplished part of the decoration is the painting depicting Christ flanked by the archangels Michael and Gabriel in the lunette over the western door, the main entrance to the chapel. The very distinctive physiognomic type of the Christ indicates that the painter rendered a specific prototype. The article discusses parallels and traces the origin of this particular iconographic type.
La prima monografia sull'ara di Ratchis.
Dear professors, researchers and students CLARA (Classical Art and Archaeology) is an online, open access and peer-reviewed journal which covers a wide range of topics that can be termed antiquity studies. Hosted by the Museum of Cultural... more
Dear professors, researchers and students CLARA (Classical Art and Archaeology) is an online, open access and peer-reviewed journal which covers a wide range of topics that can be termed antiquity studies. Hosted by the Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo, CLARA aims to publish articles, essays, reviews and special issues of a high academic quality within the field of classical art and archaeology and make them accessible to a wide scholarly public.
Research Interests:
Kunst og kultur was established in 1910 and is Norway's only peer review journal of art history. Four issues of the journal is published each year, sometimes based on received contributions on various topics, other times based on open... more
Kunst og kultur was established in 1910 and is Norway's only peer review journal of art history. Four issues of the journal is published each year, sometimes based on received contributions on various topics, other times based on open calls, or as edited theme issues. Kunst og kultur 2/2015 is a theme issue on the reception of Arte Povera in Norway.