- Dr. Peter S. Piispanen
Institutionen för slaviska och baltiska språk, finska, nederländska och tyska; Stockholms universitet, SE-106 91 Stockholm
Email: ppiis@bahnhof.se OR ppiis@kth.se - +46736909019
- Finno-Ugric languages, Yukaghir, Yakut, Uralic Linguistics, Lexical and Grammatical Borrowing, Historical Linguistics, and 93 moreNicknames, Folklore, Altaic Linguistics, Yeniseian Languages, Genealogic Classification of Languages, Comparative Uralic Linguistics, Altaic Studies, Turkic-Mongolic linguistic relationship, Indo-Uralic, Dolgan, Sakha (Yakutiia), Tungusic languages, Siberian Turkic languages, Chuvash language, Mari Language, Volga Bulgars, Mongolian Studies, Old Turkic, Etymology, Languages of Siberia, Etymological Dictionaries, Native Siberians, Lexicostatistics, Glottochronology, Olonkho, Waldemar Jochelson, Human mtDNA variation, Siberian Languages, Sámi Studies, Evenki, Slavic Mythology, Turkic Linguistics, Prayer, Angelology and Demonology, Spiritual Warfare, Reindeer herding, Lexical Borrowings, Chukchi, Eskimo-Aleut (Siberian Yupik Eskimo), Endangered Languages, The Book Of Enoch, Nivkh, Early Christianity, Turkic languages, Apocrypha/Pseudepigrapha, Proto-Turkic, Proto-Mongolic, Russian dialectology, Nganasan, Supernatural, Visual Anthropology, Eskimo-Aleut Linguistics, Folktales, Linguistic Reconstruction, Khalaj, Turkic-Tocharian language contacts, Language Isolates, Uncontacted Tribes, Tungusic historical linguistics, comparatives, language contact, Nephilim, Turkic & Altaic Studies, Mongolic languages and dialects, American Wild West Mythology, Buffalo Bill's Wild West, Billy the Kid, Wyatt Earp, Max Tegmark, Lexicography, Brill: Leiden, Jesus Christ, king Arthur, Post-Apocalyptic Literature, Altaic Languages, Turkic peoples of Southern Siberia (Altay-Sayan), Mongolian Languages, Kalmyk, Dagur language, Samoyedic-Tocharian language contact, Nostratic, Nicholas N. Poppe, Altaic Theory, Mochica, Mapudungun, Word of Faith Movement, Prosperity Gospel, Amazonian Archaeology, Amazonian Languages, South American Archaeology, South American indigenous languages, Arawakan Languages, South American Indian Languages, Language Documentation, Contact Linguistics, and The Khitan Languageedit
- Researcher in Finnish at the Stockholm University, Sweden. Having completed teacher training college at the Stockholm... moreResearcher in Finnish at the Stockholm University, Sweden. Having completed teacher training college at the Stockholm University and the Royal Institute of Technology, both in Stockholm, I have a professional teaching license (Lärarlegitimation) in the subjects Chemistry, Mathematics, the Natural Sciences, Finnish, Portuguese, Arabic, and some other subjects. Additionally I work as a freelance linguistics researcher. Previously researcher in Organic Chemistry with a Ph.D. from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
In addition to my initial studies in Finnish hypocoristics and dating of Uralic proto-languages (my 2nd Ph.D. project), my main area of research has since become the Yukaghir languages of the far northeastern Siberia, with particular focus to Yukaghir phonology, and lexical and grammatical borrowings between Yukaghir and surrounding modern and historical languages, including influences from Yakut, Ewen/Ewenki, Mongolic, and earlier: Chukchi, Yup'ik Eskimo and Northern Nivkh. Etymological studies of the Dolgan language, and Siberian Wanderwörte, as well as side-tracks into the Samoyed languages have also been additional works of pleasure!
Furthermore, recent endeavours and happenstance have led me into the very fascinating linguistics of the various indigenous languages of South America. There, studies of interest have been Mochica, Aymara, Quechua, Arawakan, Mapudungun, Diaguita, Günün a Yajüch and others.
As for my own linguistic proficiency, I speak, read and write fluent Swedish, English, and Finnish, and have excellent speaking and reading skills in both German and Portuguese. Further, fluent reading skills in Spanish, and basic speaking and reading skills in French, Italian and Russian, plus some knowledge of Estonian, Japanese, Mandarin Chinese and Modern Standard Arabic, and a number of minor languages. I do not speak Yukaghir, Ewenki, Yakut, Mongolian, Turkish, any Eskimo language or any indigenous South American language, but have fairly good lexical, morphological and phonological knowledge of some of these languages.
Within the field of linguistics, I have had the great pleasure of working as a reviewer/referee for a number of scientific journals, an opportunity that I always value, and I welcome further such opportunities. Such journals include among others: Turkic Languages, The journal of Baltic linguistics “Baltu filologija”, Fenno-Ugrica Suecana Nova Series, and The Journal of Old Turkic Studies (JOTS). I am currently part of the Editorial Board of the latter two.edit - Dr. Merlijn DeSmit (linguistics mentor and supervisor), Prof. Jarmo Lainio (linguistics mentor), Prof. Torbjörn Norin (organic chemistry mentor and supervisor, whose academic chemistry tree traces back to Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei, for those keeping track of such matters!), Dr. Styrbjörn Byström (organic chemistry mentor)edit
The previously non-discussed ancient east Asian Wanderwort araj~aran 'interjection; barely, suddenly' is discussed and presented in great detail, and traced throughout many languages phonologically and semantically. The root has also... more
The previously non-discussed ancient east Asian Wanderwort araj~aran 'interjection; barely, suddenly' is discussed and presented in great detail, and traced throughout many languages phonologically and semantically. The root has also undergone local secondary semantic developments in places, meanings which have then been borrowed into neighboring languages, some already carrying the same root, some borrowing only the new semantic meaning. After detailed lexical documentation of this root in various languages, a possible semantic map is presented at the end of the study. Language groups and languages involved in this very geographically spread out Wanderwort are the Turkic, Tungusic, Mongolic and Yukaghir languages, as well as Tocharian B, Sel'kup, Kamass, Kott, Russian, Japanese and Iñupiatun.
ADDENDUM: This final version of the paper has been published on the 17th of December, 2020 as: Piispanen, P.S. (2020) An Ancient East Asian Wanderwort. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 73(4), p. 567-584.
A direct link to the original publication is found here: https://akjournals.com/view/journals/062/73/4/article-p567.xml
ADDENDUM: This final version of the paper has been published on the 17th of December, 2020 as: Piispanen, P.S. (2020) An Ancient East Asian Wanderwort. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 73(4), p. 567-584.
A direct link to the original publication is found here: https://akjournals.com/view/journals/062/73/4/article-p567.xml
Research Interests: Japanese Language And Culture, Tocharian, Lexical Semantics, Russian Language, Yeniseian Languages, and 8 moreTungusic languages, Lexical and Grammatical Borrowing, East Asian Languages and Cultures, Eskimo-Aleut (Siberian Yupik Eskimo), Turkic languages, Yukaghir, Mongolic languages and dialects, and Selkup
In this paper, more Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantical terms. Turkic loanword etymologies are given for several non-etymologized Proto-Samoyed (PS) roots, including PS *kürə̂-~*kür-... more
In this paper, more Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantical terms. Turkic loanword etymologies are given for several non-etymologized Proto-Samoyed (PS) roots, including PS *kürə̂-~*kür- ‘to run‘; PS *jumpə̂ ‘moss’; PS *jårə̂- ‘to cry’; PS *jär ’center, middle’; PS *kə̂j- ‘to go’, PS *kə̂jm- ‘short’ and PS *årə̂ ‘size’ (> PS *årkå ‘big’). These seven borrowings add to the previously known corpus of around thirty other Turkic borrowings into PS. Local Turkic borrowings are found as Samoyed Mator kargui~xargoj ’raven’ and Karagas karhúl ’raven’. Further, the hitherto undiscovered Wanderwort character of PS *kün ‘navel’ is comparatively discussed. Additionally a rare Turkic sound law is described.
This is the final, printed version in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana.
This is the final, printed version in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana.
Research Interests:
Through comparison of Swadesh-200 word list cognates and the employment of lexicostatistics, accompanied by detailed cognate sound changes, the branching of some Uralic languages have been statistically determined. Assuming linear... more
Through comparison of Swadesh-200 word list cognates and the employment of lexicostatistics, accompanied by detailed cognate sound changes, the branching of some Uralic languages have been statistically determined. Assuming linear branching from a line originating in Proto-Uralic and leading to modern Finnish, Moksha (Mordvinic) originated from 3423 BP, Northern Saami (Finno-Saamic) from 3038 BP and Estonian (Balto-Finnic) from 1058 BP. The resulting cognacy rates with Finnish (35.6 %, 40.0 % and 72.7 % respectively) and acquired dates are well in accordance with previous estimates as acquired by other methods.
Note: For those interested in the matter dealt with in this paper, I should mention that there exists a continuation of this line of research with a so-far unpublished manuscript named "Statistical Dating of Finno-Permic Languages through Comparative Linguistics and Sound Laws". I am hoping that this will be published with the next issue of Fenno-Ugrica Suecana Nova Series whenever that happens in the coming years.
Note: For those interested in the matter dealt with in this paper, I should mention that there exists a continuation of this line of research with a so-far unpublished manuscript named "Statistical Dating of Finno-Permic Languages through Comparative Linguistics and Sound Laws". I am hoping that this will be published with the next issue of Fenno-Ugrica Suecana Nova Series whenever that happens in the coming years.
Research Interests:
The planned and currently ongoing research by the author at the Stockholm University related to modern and ancient Finnish language history as well as Uralic and comparative linguistics - focusing on lexicon, sound changes, dating,... more
The planned and currently ongoing research by the author at the Stockholm University related to modern and ancient Finnish language history as well as Uralic and comparative linguistics - focusing on lexicon, sound changes, dating, language contact situations, archaeology and genetics - is briefly summarized and presented.
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Miksi Ari on Arska ja Ville on Viltsu, kun taas Markus on Make ja Juhani on Jussi? Miksi esimerkiksi entisen Suomen presidentti Mauno Koiviston lähimmät lapsuudenystävät kutsuvat häntä? Voisiko hänen lempnimensä kenties olla Manski, tai... more
Miksi Ari on Arska ja Ville on Viltsu, kun taas Markus on Make ja Juhani on Jussi? Miksi esimerkiksi entisen Suomen presidentti Mauno Koiviston lähimmät lapsuudenystävät kutsuvat häntä? Voisiko hänen lempnimensä kenties olla Manski, tai ehkä Manu? Entä naapuri, jota kutsutaan Pekuksi? Onko hän nimeltänsä Pekka vai Pertti vai ehkä jopa Petteri? Mikä on lasten Sylvester-nimiselle koiralleen antama lempinimi? Entä vaikuttavatko murteet lempinimiin?
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The formation of standard Finnish male nicknames in terms of Optimality Theory (OT) is described. Formation of these nicknames is subject to phonological, morphological, segmental and prosodic restrictions and often proceeds via... more
The formation of standard Finnish male nicknames in terms of Optimality Theory (OT) is described. Formation of these nicknames is subject to phonological, morphological, segmental and prosodic restrictions and often proceeds via suffixation of a truncated, left-anchored stem, invariably producing a disyllabic, semantically narrow nickname with no coda, long vowels or diphthongs. Such foot binary-restricted items never include a second syllable onset. Disyllabic names are regularly shortened (CV.CV), while mono- and trisyllabic names often become geminate nicknames (CVC.CV) through expressive marking.
Geminate names lose the coda consonant in the nickname. Very long names are truncated and sometimes take an additional suffix. Nicknames
and their suffixes are strictly controlled to have either mixed harmonic back (a, o, u) and neutral front vowels (e, i), or only harmonic front vowels (y, ö, ä). Curious exceptions to the rules are found with names containing a word-internal sonorant, which therefore become uniquely suffixed nicknames through a Sonorant Sequencing Principle (SSP) constraint, leading to a three-consonant cluster and a shift of the sonorant from the syllable edge (CVCC.CV). Some nicknames have a limited geographical distribution (i.e. they are dialectal only), while a few others exhibit traces of diminutive markings. The data suggest the following ranking order for nickname formation in Finnish according to OT:
FtBin >> SSP for resonant-containing or RlzRed for trisyllabic >> AnchorLeftBT >> NoLong-Vowel >> NoDiphthong >> NoCoda >> MaximalityBT.
Geminate names lose the coda consonant in the nickname. Very long names are truncated and sometimes take an additional suffix. Nicknames
and their suffixes are strictly controlled to have either mixed harmonic back (a, o, u) and neutral front vowels (e, i), or only harmonic front vowels (y, ö, ä). Curious exceptions to the rules are found with names containing a word-internal sonorant, which therefore become uniquely suffixed nicknames through a Sonorant Sequencing Principle (SSP) constraint, leading to a three-consonant cluster and a shift of the sonorant from the syllable edge (CVCC.CV). Some nicknames have a limited geographical distribution (i.e. they are dialectal only), while a few others exhibit traces of diminutive markings. The data suggest the following ranking order for nickname formation in Finnish according to OT:
FtBin >> SSP for resonant-containing or RlzRed for trisyllabic >> AnchorLeftBT >> NoLong-Vowel >> NoDiphthong >> NoCoda >> MaximalityBT.
Research Interests:
In this paper, we shall have a look at series of astronomical terms and their etymologies in a historical context, including etymologized and non-etymologized terminology in Yakut (Turkic), Written Mongolian, Dagur and Khalkha (Mongolic),... more
In this paper, we shall have a look at series of astronomical terms and their etymologies in a historical context, including etymologized and non-etymologized terminology in Yakut (Turkic), Written Mongolian, Dagur and Khalkha (Mongolic), Ewenki (Tungusic) and Yukaghir. It is noteworthy that most of these languages had only rudimentary astronomical terms (sun, moon, star, sky, some constellations) before the creation of a richer cosmology with terms borrowed from other languages or through creative compounding processes. Yakut, Ewenki and Yukaghir have mostly been the recipients of Mongolic forms, while Mongolic has borrowed from Turkic, and seemingly from the more advanced Sanskrit and Tibetan early societies. The paper is intended as a primer on these subjects, with some discussion and some new findings presented (including a few borrowings, and etymologies for some Yakut planet names).
[In this pre-publication version the following Acknowledgement section is missing altogether before the References section: I wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, and the editor-in-chief of the journal Larisa N. Vodolazhskaya for their very valuable and useful input on an earlier draft version of this paper. I also wish to personally thank the journal liaison Roman Belolipetsky, who prompted me to prepare this paper and who functioned as both communicator and support. These scholars are not held responsible for my own remaining errors, nor for any infelicitous use I have made of the information they shared with me. Neither are they to be unfairly associated with any idea expressed here of which they may not approve.]
[In this pre-publication version the following Acknowledgement section is missing altogether before the References section: I wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, and the editor-in-chief of the journal Larisa N. Vodolazhskaya for their very valuable and useful input on an earlier draft version of this paper. I also wish to personally thank the journal liaison Roman Belolipetsky, who prompted me to prepare this paper and who functioned as both communicator and support. These scholars are not held responsible for my own remaining errors, nor for any infelicitous use I have made of the information they shared with me. Neither are they to be unfairly associated with any idea expressed here of which they may not approve.]
Research Interests:
A review of Irina Nikolaeva's new book "Yukaghir Morphology in a Historical and Comparative Perspective" published in the JOTS journal in 2021.
Research Interests:
Book review: BLAŽEK, V. Altaic Languages - History of research, survey, classification, and a sketch of comparative grammar, in collaboration with M. Schwarz and O. Srba, Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019, pp. 360, ISBN:... more
Book review: BLAŽEK, V. Altaic Languages - History of research, survey, classification, and a sketch of comparative grammar, in collaboration with M. Schwarz and O. Srba, Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019, pp. 360, ISBN: 978-80-210-9321-8
Research Interests:
Book review: AGYAGÁSI, K. Chuvash Historical Phonetics, an Areal Linguistic Study, with an Appendix on the Role of Proto-Mari in the History of Chuvash Vocalism, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2019, XII+334 pp. ISBN: 978-3-447-11163-8
Research Interests:
Book review: KHABTAGAEVA, B. Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2019, pp. 404, ISBN: 978-90-04-39076-8
Research Interests:
In this paper, up to twenty-eight new Yukaghir etymologies are described as Eskimo borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia, with phonological and semantic considerations for each suggestion. These... more
In this paper, up to twenty-eight new Yukaghir etymologies are described as Eskimo borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia, with phonological and semantic considerations for each suggestion. These findings provide new insights into the historical phonology of these ancient borrowings as well as fairly clear etymologies for a number of isolated Yukaghir words. The chronology of the borrowings is also considered, and various factors reveal two different competing hypotheses: the Yukaghir correspondences have either resulted from chronologically different borrowing layers through the ages, or the correspondences actually represent the remnants of an ancient genetic language affiliation between the two, a hypothesis supported by the very divergent phonological shapes and semantics of the correspondences. It is argued that the Eskimo correspondences are invariably of the Yup'ik variety (instead of the Inuit variety), and that Yup'ik language(s) were spoken in much earlier times around the Kolyma River, where Yukaghir is still spoken, and in particular close to the Tundra Yukaghirs. The semantic categorization of the borrowings places most of them as elementary phenomena, actions, and perceptions, and if not actually describing an actual genetic language relationship, this at least suggests very intense linguistic contacts between Yup'ik and Yukaghir under bi-or multilingual conditions, such as through tribal marriages and where code-switching was the norm for generations.
[Published in: Études Inuit Studies, 2022, 46(1), p. 193-220].
[Published in: Études Inuit Studies, 2022, 46(1), p. 193-220].
Research Interests:
In this seventh part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) loanword etymologies for the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other... more
In this seventh part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) loanword etymologies for the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other considerations and viewpoints. In summary, a total of ten Yakut borrowings, and two Tungusic borrowings are given, as well as one Yukaghir borrowing in Ewenki. An extra section of interest in this paper presents some new Tundra Yukaghir field data, and lastly some documentation corrections are again given.
[Published in JOTS, 2023, 7/1, p. 179-193].
[Published in JOTS, 2023, 7/1, p. 179-193].
Research Interests:
In this sixth part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) lexical borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other... more
In this sixth part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) lexical borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other considerations and viewpoints, thus providing loanword etymologies. In summary, a total of fourteen Yakut borrowings, four Tungusic and three Russian borrowings are given. An extra section of interest deals in the etymologizing of up until now quite mysteriously named Yukaghir child and youth games, and lastly some etymological notes and documentation corrections are again given.
[Final version published in the first issue of JOTS of 2022].
[Final version published in the first issue of JOTS of 2022].
Research Interests:
In this paper, historical documentation of the Yukaghir languages spoken in the far northeastern Siberia are employed for the reconstruction of a small number of additional or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY) roots. Late Proto-Yukaghir is... more
In this paper, historical documentation of the Yukaghir languages spoken in the far northeastern Siberia are employed for the reconstruction of a small number of additional or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY) roots. Late Proto-Yukaghir is the latest common ancestor of all varieties of Yukaghir, including the still spoken Tundra Yukaghir and Kolyma Yukaghir languages. Previously, numerous Late Proto-Yukaghir roots have convincingly and exhaustively been reconstructed in Nikolaeva’s A Historical Dictionary of Yukaghir, published in 2006, and this meager report adds to those materials. The materials are presented and discussed in phonological and semantic terms, employing phonological methods similar to those of Nikolaeva’s research, and adding semantic considerations missing from the dictionary.
The newly reconstructed or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir roots include: 1) Late Proto-Yukaghir *kejwə- ‘to be thin’, 2) Late ProtoYukaghir *ačī- ~ *ači- ‘to carry’, 3) Late Proto-Yukaghir *puγö ‘warmth > some sort of warming clothing: fur, feathers, hair, beard’, 4) Late Proto-Yukaghir *inć- ‘today; now’, and 5) Late Proto-Yukaghir *nulińčə ‘crowd’.
Furthermore, numerous etymological comments, notes, discussions and clarifying details are presented for Yukaghir lexicon, ranging from the obscure historical records to the modern languages, clarifying a few matters, correcting some and adding further information of interest to others. Yukaghir roots (or words of later Russian or Ewenki origin) are discussed, and given concrete meanings, include: PY *niγej- ‘heavy, difficult’, PY *l’omćə ~ *l’omjə ‘moisture; to shed feathers > to lose color’, PY *omnuγə ‘bitch’, PY *oń- ‘crack, slit, opening’, PY *per- ‘threshold, dug in poles of a yurt door’, PY *ńetl’ə ‘fox’, Rus. gavrik ‘collar muffler, scarf’, PY *šogi ‘bag’, PY *iwe:r ‘place around the hearth’, PY *eče: ‘father’, PY *mi:-bə ‘cutter’, PY *ejmə ‘price, payment’, Rus. piska ‘penis’, Rus. čaška ‘cup’, Rus. Varvara ‘Barbara’, Ewenki noγo:n ‘green’, and PY *nunkə ‘sheefish’.
ADDENDUM: The background to this research and other questions that may be of interest to the reader of this paper were presented elsewhere: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3886534014745605&id=172689389463438 .
The newly reconstructed or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir roots include: 1) Late Proto-Yukaghir *kejwə- ‘to be thin’, 2) Late ProtoYukaghir *ačī- ~ *ači- ‘to carry’, 3) Late Proto-Yukaghir *puγö ‘warmth > some sort of warming clothing: fur, feathers, hair, beard’, 4) Late Proto-Yukaghir *inć- ‘today; now’, and 5) Late Proto-Yukaghir *nulińčə ‘crowd’.
Furthermore, numerous etymological comments, notes, discussions and clarifying details are presented for Yukaghir lexicon, ranging from the obscure historical records to the modern languages, clarifying a few matters, correcting some and adding further information of interest to others. Yukaghir roots (or words of later Russian or Ewenki origin) are discussed, and given concrete meanings, include: PY *niγej- ‘heavy, difficult’, PY *l’omćə ~ *l’omjə ‘moisture; to shed feathers > to lose color’, PY *omnuγə ‘bitch’, PY *oń- ‘crack, slit, opening’, PY *per- ‘threshold, dug in poles of a yurt door’, PY *ńetl’ə ‘fox’, Rus. gavrik ‘collar muffler, scarf’, PY *šogi ‘bag’, PY *iwe:r ‘place around the hearth’, PY *eče: ‘father’, PY *mi:-bə ‘cutter’, PY *ejmə ‘price, payment’, Rus. piska ‘penis’, Rus. čaška ‘cup’, Rus. Varvara ‘Barbara’, Ewenki noγo:n ‘green’, and PY *nunkə ‘sheefish’.
ADDENDUM: The background to this research and other questions that may be of interest to the reader of this paper were presented elsewhere: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3886534014745605&id=172689389463438 .
Research Interests:
In this paper, a group of thirty-five Yukaghir words describing fairly recently borrowed Russian cultural vocabulary is re-etymologized. Most of these words, which are from various Yukaghir languages and dialects, but mainly of the Tundra... more
In this paper, a group of thirty-five Yukaghir words describing fairly recently borrowed Russian cultural vocabulary is re-etymologized. Most of these words, which are from various Yukaghir languages and dialects, but mainly of the Tundra Yukaghir variety, have previously been given loanword etymologies as direct Russian borrowings. However, phonological considerations clearly demonstrate that this is a false assumption, and it is suggested that instead all of these words have been borrowed into Yukaghir from Yakut as an intermediary language. All of the Yukaghir words show signs of Yakut phonology, but are ultimately of Russian origin, sometimes from north-eastern dialectal forms (having earlier been borrowed into Yakut). Schematically, all of these re-etymologized words can be described as: Russian > Yakut > Yukaghir. Semantically, these words describe various modern concepts covering areas such as the household, cooking, culture and society, bureaucracy and healthcare. This amply demonstrates that Yukaghirs, in particular Tundra Yukaghirs, have lived in a bi-, tri- or even more diverse multilingual environment (of Yukaghir, Yakut, Russian, etc.) at least during the last few centuries. Further, some of the Yakut words for Russian concepts have been borrowed into Ewen or Ewenki, instead of directly from Russian, which is evident from both the phonlogy and semantics.
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Continuing on previous research, in this fifth installment of a paper series a total of twenty-four newly found borrowings from Turkic (ten borrowings), Tun-gusic (seven borrowings) and Russian (seven borrowings) into the Yukaghir... more
Continuing on previous research, in this fifth installment of a paper series a total of twenty-four newly found borrowings from Turkic (ten borrowings), Tun-gusic (seven borrowings) and Russian (seven borrowings) into the Yukaghir lan-guages and dialects of the far northeastern Siberia are presented with semantic and phonological details as loanword etymologies. Cursory discussions about the vocabulary also in the surrounding languages is given, and the etymologies of Yukaghir toponymy are discussed as a special section of interest.
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Continuing on previous research, in this fourth part of a paper series, a total of sixteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern... more
Continuing on previous research, in this fourth part of a paper series, a total of sixteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are presented as loanword etymologies, as well as ten most tentative borrowing suggestions from the same sources, tentative only due to numerous semantic or phonological problems. The chronology of the totally twenty-six borrowing suggested is considered again to some degree, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed. The results continue to highlight the extensive historical social contacts between the Yukaghir populations and surrounding tribes.
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Continuing on previous research, in this part of a paper series, a total of thirty-nine newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic (and Russian) languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far... more
Continuing on previous research, in this part of a paper series, a total of thirty-nine newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic (and Russian) languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are presented as loanword etymologies, which is followed by the discussion of a few tentative cases. The chronology of the borrowings is considered , and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed. Further, some transcriptional corrections to the documentation of older Yukaghir lexicon is suggested. The results again highlight the extensive historical social contacts between the Yukaghir populations and surrounding tribes.
[Editorial note: This is the published combined version of the old draft papers pt. 3 and 4 in this paper series. For those being interested, a paper named "Additional Turkic and Tungusic Borrowings IV" has now been submitted for review, while another paper named "Additional Turkic and Tungusic Borrowings V" is currently being worked on (it will undergo the Session treatment later on), despite me erroneously believing that all findings had already been done at the end of part IV.]
[Editorial note: This is the published combined version of the old draft papers pt. 3 and 4 in this paper series. For those being interested, a paper named "Additional Turkic and Tungusic Borrowings IV" has now been submitted for review, while another paper named "Additional Turkic and Tungusic Borrowings V" is currently being worked on (it will undergo the Session treatment later on), despite me erroneously believing that all findings had already been done at the end of part IV.]
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Continuing on previous research, in this second part of a paper series, ten newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far north eastern Siberia are... more
Continuing on previous research, in this second part of a paper series, ten newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far north eastern Siberia are presented as loanword etymologies. The chronology of the borrowings is considered, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed.
This is the final, printed version in Journal of Old Turkic Studies.
This is the final, printed version in Journal of Old Turkic Studies.
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This paper presents twenty-five newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghiric languages of far northeastern Siberia. The chronology of the borrowings is considered, and solid... more
This paper presents twenty-five newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghiric languages of far northeastern Siberia. The chronology of the borrowings is considered, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion. Several of the new borrowings are quite recent and the majority relate to technological terms, social life and elementary actions. This would speak for a situation in far northeastern Siberia of intimate tribal contacts where multilingualism was the norm historically, hunting techniques were shared and inter-tribal marriages were commonplace. Additionally, two prospective borrowings related to reindeer terminology are discussed. Furthermore, borrowings from Yukaghiric into other languages, barely discussed in scientific literature, are also analyzed and commented upon briefly.
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Folktale characters and places in northeastern Siberia have been traced throughout Yakut, Ewenki and Yukaghir (TY=Tundra Yukaghir; KY=Kolyma Yukaghir). The following is etymologized as a (Pre-)Yakut borrowing: KY an-daidu-iččite ‘a... more
Folktale characters and places in northeastern Siberia have been traced throughout Yakut, Ewenki and Yukaghir (TY=Tundra Yukaghir; KY=Kolyma Yukaghir). The following is etymologized as a (Pre-)Yakut borrowing: KY an-daidu-iččite ‘a goddess in a tale, lit. appointed goddess of the land’, and as Ewenki borrowings: TY d’el’diŋee ‘a man in a tale, lit. bender~returner’; KY dourǝ, dowurǝ ‘a man in a tale, lit. comrade’, KY gerkeńi ‘a man in a tale, lit. walker’, TY agaańe ‘woman, lit. one who berths, one who moors’ and TY juundaaq(-nerile) ‘a place in folklore, lit. earthen hill with rocks in the eastern direction’. A folklore Wanderwort is found in Yukaghir SD galyjan ‘a woman in a tale, lit. goose’, and a few other uncertain cultural borrowings are discussed.
Further, the following hitherto undescribed affective suffixes are used commonly with Yukaghir folktale characters: TY -aa, TY -iń, TY -j, TY -kie(n), TY -ńe, PY *-ka(:)(n) and PY *-de:. Furthermore, the suffix TY -tke is used exclusively with place names in Yukaghir folklore.
Further, the following hitherto undescribed affective suffixes are used commonly with Yukaghir folktale characters: TY -aa, TY -iń, TY -j, TY -kie(n), TY -ńe, PY *-ka(:)(n) and PY *-de:. Furthermore, the suffix TY -tke is used exclusively with place names in Yukaghir folklore.
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This paper presents and discusses regular correspondences between Uralic geminate items and Yukaghiric with proposed sound change laws and new and some modified older cognate suggestions (twenty-four nouns and eight verbs). Geminate items... more
This paper presents and discusses regular correspondences between Uralic geminate items and Yukaghiric with proposed sound change laws and new and some modified older cognate suggestions (twenty-four nouns and eight verbs). Geminate items were found to contain surprisingly stable, relatively unchanging vowels in Yukaghiric in regard to the Proto-Uralic form. The results suggest that degemination – taking place in all cases except in a few forms that can otherwise be explained – was an early process in Yukaghiric and occurred after or while many vowel changes had already taken place in the Yukaghiric vocabulary. The data shows that the relationship between Uralic and Yukaghiric is more extensive than previously believed. Some very early possible sound changes are discussed. Furthermore, a correspondence to Proto-Uralic *-ü-has been found in Late Proto-Yukaghiric *-ö-. Also, it is shown that the early suf-fixation in Yukaghir to Uralic-like stems has produced several modern words through grammaticalization.
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This paper shows that Yukaghir underwent a regular sound change whereby all word-internal and -final w phonemes became j, probably in Early Proto-Yukaghir. After degemination had occurred, possibly in Middle Proto-Yukaghir, any j in an... more
This paper shows that Yukaghir underwent a regular sound change whereby all word-internal and -final w phonemes became j, probably in Early Proto-Yukaghir. After degemination had occurred, possibly in Middle Proto-Yukaghir, any j in an intervocalic position of disyllabic roots was followed by an epenthetic l as it still is in the modern Yukaghir languages. Palatalization, labialization, uvularization and assimilative effects finally formed the Late Proto-Yukaghir forms from which the modern languages have arisen. Word-class prosody controls epenthesis, vowel lengthening and any further word-final vowel changes. Identifying these historical processes also strengthens the evidence that Yukaghir is genealogically related to Uralic. The Uralic and Yukaghiric correspondences are carefully analyzed as to phonology and semantics, resulting in over fifty new or revised cognate suggestions. Further, Yukaghiric shows a trend towards a reduction of the number of root syllables in the comparison. The semi-vowel w remained unchanged word-initially in Tundra Yukaghir, and has thus been a continuous part of the Yukaghir phonemic register. Lexemes containing the semi-vowel w found in modern Yukaghir in word-internal and final positions arose from other sources only after the semi-vowel alternation sound change rule.
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This paper evaluates and expands upon previously suggested sound rules governing the phonological outcome of early root-initial proto-sibilants (*s- and *ś-) and proto-affricates (*š-, *ć- and *č-) in Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY), as shown by... more
This paper evaluates and expands upon previously suggested sound rules governing the phonological outcome of early root-initial proto-sibilants (*s- and *ś-) and proto-affricates (*š-, *ć- and *č-) in Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY), as shown by cognate correspondences in Proto-Uralic (PU) and by Tungusic and Turkic borrowings. The proto-sibilant *s- underwent deletion (*Ø-), retention (*s-) or lateralization (*l-); *ś- was retained unchanged and earlier *š- had changed into *č- in PY. Universally, PY proto-sibilants and proto-affricates find regular lexical correspondences in PU as described by a set of non-trivial phonological rules: Pre-PY *sVr/k/γ- > PY *lVr/k/γ-: a regular lateralization of the sibilant in Yukaghiric occurred with back vowels and *-r-, *-k- and possibly *-γ-, but not *-q-, through an intermediary hypothetical *θ- stage. Pre-PY *sVl/ŋ- > PY *ØVl/ŋ-: a sibilant deletion rule occurred with any vowel and *-l- or *- ŋ-. However, all structures of the intermediate type Pre-PY *sV1ŋ/l/m/n-k/q-V2-, where V1 is a back vowel, pose an exception wherein sibilant deletion was blocked, and the sibilant was either retained or changed into a lateral. Sibilant deletion still occurred in these cases if V1 was a front vowel. Pre-PY *ś- > PY *ś- > KY š- & TY s-: the Yukaghir lexicon in these cases likely developed through intermediate *š’-/*θ’- from Old Yukaghir. Furthermore, Pre-PY *š- > PY *č- regularly. All of these sound changes are controlled by phonology and affect borrowings as well as inherited vocabulary from before PY, but do not affect post-PY borrowings. The sibilant-deletion rule is clearly an influence from extensive language contacts with Yakut-speakers, and certain roots show that the Yukaghir rules of synharmonism were already in effect prior to sibilant deletion. In addition, the results are concurrent with several older cognate suggestions between Uralic and Yukaghiric and further add to this corpus. Identifying these historical processes also strengthens the evidence that the Yukaghir languages are genetically related to the Uralic language family.
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This paper presents twelve newly found suggested borrowings from (Pre-)Yakut, a Turkic language previously known to be a considerable source of borrowings, into the Yukaghiric languages of far northeastern Siberia. All suggestions are... more
This paper presents twelve newly found suggested borrowings from (Pre-)Yakut, a Turkic language previously known to be a considerable source of borrowings, into the Yukaghiric languages of far northeastern Siberia. All suggestions are given both with solid phonological and semantic considerations, and the chronology of the borrowings is considered.
Several of the new borrowings are quite recent and relate to hunting and wandering and surprisingly many are semantically connected to elementary phenomena, actions and perceptions, while a few others clearly find their etymological origins as borrowed from the tales of the surrounding tribes.
Several of the new borrowings are quite recent and relate to hunting and wandering and surprisingly many are semantically connected to elementary phenomena, actions and perceptions, while a few others clearly find their etymological origins as borrowed from the tales of the surrounding tribes.
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This paper presents further borrowings mostly related to reindeer economy in the far north-eastern Siberian area between several non-genetically affiliated languages. The semantics, phonology and chronology are discussed. The following... more
This paper presents further borrowings mostly related to reindeer economy in the far north-eastern Siberian area between several non-genetically affiliated languages. The semantics, phonology and chronology are discussed. The following are etymologized as Ewenki borrowings: Yukaghiric moll’e ‘small wild reindeer’, ongul ‘reindeer’, šaqala ‘fox’, ugur ‘spine’ and joγul ‘nose’, and Pre-Yakut borrowings: Yukaghiric saa-laaghare ’south, lit. tree left’, saaghare ‘left side of a yurt; West’, šajghEr ‘aside’. A possible Turkic borrowing is found with (Proto-)Turkic *qan ‘blood’ > Proto-Samoyed *kem ‘blood’. Lastly, Uralic cognates or borrowings in Yukaghiric consist of kedie- ‘obstinate (of a tied reindeer)’, petcigije ‘reins’, a:cE ‘domestic reindeer’ and sierdiid-ile ‘reindeer not selected for slaughter’.
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In this short paper, old and new loanword etymologies for Kalmyk bird names are discussed, having been borrowed from Russian or Turkmen sources (or in a few cases from Kyrgyz sources). The etymologies are briefly discussed in phonological... more
In this short paper, old and new loanword etymologies for Kalmyk bird names are discussed, having been borrowed from Russian or Turkmen sources (or in a few cases from Kyrgyz sources). The etymologies are briefly discussed in phonological and semantic terms, and some thoughts on previous etymologies are also given.
[Paper published in: Türkmen Bilgesi Yusuf Azmun’a Armağan - The Festschrift Dedicated to the Turkmen Scholar Yusuf Azmun (2022)].
[Paper published in: Türkmen Bilgesi Yusuf Azmun’a Armağan - The Festschrift Dedicated to the Turkmen Scholar Yusuf Azmun (2022)].
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In this paper, some new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. Up to seven Dolgan etymologies are suggested or corrected with discussed phonologies and semantics. Six of these etymologies are unsurprisingly derived from... more
In this paper, some new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. Up to seven Dolgan etymologies are suggested or corrected with discussed phonologies and semantics. Six of these etymologies are unsurprisingly derived from the Tungusic languages, but the seventh is fairly obviously from the Yukaghiric languages further east. These analyses add to the already fairly well researched field of Dolgan etymology. Additionally, a semi-related Ewen (Tungusic) etymology could be suggested.
[Draft paper version]
[Draft paper version]
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This paper is the second part in a series on Dolgan where further new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. Of fifteen given etymologies in this second part, ten are derived from Proto-Turkic (through Yakut), four are... more
This paper is the second part in a series on Dolgan where further new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. Of fifteen given etymologies in this second part, ten are derived from Proto-Turkic (through Yakut), four are derived from Proto-Tungusic (through Ewenki) and one is derived as a Turkic borrowing into Ewenki. Dolgan etymologies with semantic and phonological considerations are given for the words (from Turkic:) bil 'a species of fish: hucho taimen', hurbuk 'wooden peg', čok 'coal' (by way of Mongolic), köp 'dense fluffy-soft (of fur)', ügäk 'storeroom', ynak 'cow', īr-'to become crazy', käŋärī 'bridge of nose', künǖ 'envy, jealousy', kyrat-'to be a nemesis' and (from Tungusic:) torgon 'mager', boloho 'heavy wind, whirlwind; strong short rain, bodorus-'to tie a friendship, to make acquaintance', muncūka 'glass pearls', sagdōkū '5-6 years old reindeer cow'. The Pre-Yakut forms, from where some Dolgan forms have arisen, are also given wherever applicable.
[Draft paper version]
[Draft paper version]
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This paper is the third and concluding part in a series where further new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. Of ten given etymologies in this third part, eight are derived from Proto-Turkic (PT)(through Yakut) and... more
This paper is the third and concluding part in a series where further new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. Of ten given etymologies in this third part, eight are derived from Proto-Turkic (PT)(through Yakut) and two are derived from Proto-Tungusic (through Ewenki). Dolgan etymologies with semantic and phonological considerations are given for the words (from Turkic:) kīn ‘navel; centre, central’, kȳn ‘sheath’, hilī- ‘bone marrow’, hirgän- ‘to feel disgusted, to find abhorrent’, mȳn- ‘to be dissatisfied (with a number, quantity, etc. of smth)’, bus- ‘to cook, to boil (INTR); to cook, to boil (TR); to bake; ripe, to mellow; to burn oneself (of finger, etc.)’, tanȳ ‘bridge of the nose’, and ulluŋ ‘sole’, and (from Tungusic:) majagas ‘whitefish’ and hirit/in- ‘to branch off; to split [INTR]’. The Pre-Yakut forms, from where some Dolgan forms have arisen, are also given wherever applicable.
[Draft paper version]
[Draft paper version]
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(Observations concerning the Finnish and the English spoken by American Finns; In Swedish) This is a scanned copy of Siiri Sahlman-Karlsson's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1986, volume 8, pages 101-122.... more
(Observations concerning the Finnish and the English spoken by American Finns; In Swedish)
This is a scanned copy of Siiri Sahlman-Karlsson's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1986, volume 8, pages 101-122. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part).
In this paper, the English language spoken by American Finns is illuminatingly exemplified and discussed along some socio-linguistic considerations!
This is a scanned copy of Siiri Sahlman-Karlsson's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1986, volume 8, pages 101-122. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part).
In this paper, the English language spoken by American Finns is illuminatingly exemplified and discussed along some socio-linguistic considerations!
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(The Vodians - Soon in Memoriam, in Swedish) This is a scanned copy of Virve Raag's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1986, volume 8, pages 69-80. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by... more
(The Vodians - Soon in Memoriam, in Swedish)
This is a scanned copy of Virve Raag's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1986, volume 8, pages 69-80. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part).
In this paper, the moribund Votians, a Finnic tribe, is briefly, but informatively presented in terms of history, geography and populations.
This is a scanned copy of Virve Raag's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1986, volume 8, pages 69-80. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part).
In this paper, the moribund Votians, a Finnic tribe, is briefly, but informatively presented in terms of history, geography and populations.
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This is a scanned copy of Tryggve Sköld's very rare etymological paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1984, volume 7, pages 157-164. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial... more
This is a scanned copy of Tryggve Sköld's very rare etymological paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1984, volume 7, pages 157-164. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part).
In this paper, well-referenced etymologies for Finnic mato 'worm' are discussed in a phonological and semantic perspective, and the concluding suggestion is that it may be a West Germanic loanword with an age of less than two thousand years.
In this paper, well-referenced etymologies for Finnic mato 'worm' are discussed in a phonological and semantic perspective, and the concluding suggestion is that it may be a West Germanic loanword with an age of less than two thousand years.
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This is a scanned copy of László Huszár's very rare but culturally illuminating paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1982, volume 5, pages 135-154. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current... more
This is a scanned copy of László Huszár's very rare but culturally illuminating paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1982, volume 5, pages 135-154. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part).
In this socio-cultural paper, symbolic and superstitious proverbs related to the axe among Estonians, Karelians, Saami, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurt and Komi-Zyrians is collected and presented, well demonstrating common ancient Uralic beliefs shared between these populations, but also highlighting distinct beliefs and ways of life.
In this socio-cultural paper, symbolic and superstitious proverbs related to the axe among Estonians, Karelians, Saami, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurt and Komi-Zyrians is collected and presented, well demonstrating common ancient Uralic beliefs shared between these populations, but also highlighting distinct beliefs and ways of life.
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This is a scanned copy of Jüri Viikberg's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1992, volume 11, pages 79-90. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of Jüri Viikberg's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1992, volume 11, pages 79-90. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part).
This work is a fascinating study about Estonians in far away Siberia. The Abstract states: When talking about the Siberian Estonians one easily associates with the deportations of the Stalin period in 1941 and 1949. However, that is a mislead. The Estonian villages in Siberia have a much longer and more interesting history. There are two kinds of Estonian settlements in Russia: 1) villages founded by deported persons in the 19th century, and 2) villages founded by voluntary expatriates. The older Estonian villages in Siberia (as well as e.g. the Finnish, German, Latvian, and Russian villages) are primarily a result of the conquest policy of Russia. Siberia is considered a part of Russia since 1582, and in 1721 also Estonia and Ingria were incorporated with Russia. Since then the Estonians have had access to Siberia. The main purpose of the authorities was to take the rich natural products of Siberia into use and to populate new territories with Russian citizens. Therefore a deportation of people into Siberia began, mainly that of penal servitude to banish a lot of criminals, prisoners of war and rebels. A hard-labour-paradise grew in Siberia and the name therefore has got a gloomy honour.
This work is a fascinating study about Estonians in far away Siberia. The Abstract states: When talking about the Siberian Estonians one easily associates with the deportations of the Stalin period in 1941 and 1949. However, that is a mislead. The Estonian villages in Siberia have a much longer and more interesting history. There are two kinds of Estonian settlements in Russia: 1) villages founded by deported persons in the 19th century, and 2) villages founded by voluntary expatriates. The older Estonian villages in Siberia (as well as e.g. the Finnish, German, Latvian, and Russian villages) are primarily a result of the conquest policy of Russia. Siberia is considered a part of Russia since 1582, and in 1721 also Estonia and Ingria were incorporated with Russia. Since then the Estonians have had access to Siberia. The main purpose of the authorities was to take the rich natural products of Siberia into use and to populate new territories with Russian citizens. Therefore a deportation of people into Siberia began, mainly that of penal servitude to banish a lot of criminals, prisoners of war and rebels. A hard-labour-paradise grew in Siberia and the name therefore has got a gloomy honour.
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This is a scanned copy of Erling Wande's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1988, volume 9, pages 115-128. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of Erling Wande's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1988, volume 9, pages 115-128. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part). The work gives a detailed account on the phonology of Meänkieli around the year 1900 in Swedish, with a Summary in English.
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This is a scanned copy of Raimo Raag's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1981, volume 4, pages 43-49. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal... more
This is a scanned copy of Raimo Raag's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1981, volume 4, pages 43-49. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part). The work deals in the peculiarities of Estonian spoken in Swedish, as part of the old project Finno-Ugric Language Contact in Sweden - Interference and Bilingualism.
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This is a scanned copy of Knut Bergsland's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 7-18. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of Knut Bergsland's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 7-18. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part). The work deals in the interesting hypothesis of a possible genetic language relationship between the Eskimo-Aleut and Uralic languages.
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This is a scanned copy of Péter Hajdú's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 19-31. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal... more
This is a scanned copy of Péter Hajdú's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 19-31. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part). The work deals in the broad language contacts in north-west Siberia between, at least, Russian, Komi-Zyrian, Khanty, Mansi, Nenets, Enets, Selkup, Nganasan, Dolgan, the Tungusic languages, Ket, and the Turkic languages. Sorry for the poor scan, but this should suffice as a reading copy until a better scan will materialize. Enjoy!
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This is a scanned copy of Nils Erik Hansegård's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 33-43. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of Nils Erik Hansegård's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 33-43. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal. This work describes the teaching of the Scandinavian languages to Finnish and Saamic populations, the situation during the year 1979, the policy making and thoughts regarding the historical and modern situation. How much has happened during the last forty years?
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This is a scanned copy of Åke Hultcrantz's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 45-58. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of Åke Hultcrantz's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 45-58. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal. The work describes Saami paganism and shamanism in cultural comparative terms versus similar rites employed among Scandinavian, Samoyed, Tungusic and Yakut populations.
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This is a scanned copy of Mikko Korhonen's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 59-73. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of Mikko Korhonen's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 59-73. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal. As the title makes clear this work describes the prehistoric relations between the Saami and Finnic peoples. The three traditional theories regarding the linguistic similarities, and historical speaker groupings are summarized, and phonological peculiarities related to historical Saami phonology are presented and discussed. A paper well presenting the state-of-the-art of the research in the year 1979, which still might be useful in some regards.
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This is a scanned copy of C.F. Meinander's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 85-94. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of C.F. Meinander's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 85-94. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part). The work deals in the cultural and tribal contacts in the Arctic in light of archaeology.
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This is a scanned copy of Tryggve Sköld's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 105-116. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of Tryggve Sköld's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 105-116. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part). This work deals, as made clear by the title of the paper, with the earliest linguistic contacts between the Saami and the Scandinavians, focusing on the earliest layer of loanwords with some chronological thoughts and stated sound laws.
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This is a scanned copy of J. Garth Taylor's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 117-122. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the... more
This is a scanned copy of J. Garth Taylor's very rare paper published in the journal Fenno-Ugrica Suecana, 1979, volume 2, pages 117-122. This reprint at Academia is presented with permission given by the current editorial board of the journal (of which I am part). This short work deals with the recording, the social, cultural, political and linguistic situation (at the time of writing) and number of speakers of the 54 surviving native languages in Canada divided up into a total of 11 language families.
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This is a scan of a rare and hard to obtain paper by Swedish linguist Björn Collinder about Germanic names from 1936... a paper still valuable in our times! It was originally published in: Nomina Germanica, Hyllningsskrift till Bengt... more
This is a scan of a rare and hard to obtain paper by Swedish linguist Björn Collinder about Germanic names from 1936... a paper still valuable in our times!
It was originally published in: Nomina Germanica, Hyllningsskrift till Bengt Ivar Hesselman den 21 december 1935. Lund: Lundequistska bokhandeln, 92–97 (= Namn och bygd 24, 1936, 92-97).
It was originally published in: Nomina Germanica, Hyllningsskrift till Bengt Ivar Hesselman den 21 december 1935. Lund: Lundequistska bokhandeln, 92–97 (= Namn och bygd 24, 1936, 92-97).
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The basis for a new generation of innovative wood products has been developed in the InnoFireWood project. The main characteristics of such products are substantial improvements in fire performance with maintained eco-efficiency,... more
The basis for a new generation of innovative wood products has been developed in the InnoFireWood project. The main characteristics of such products are substantial improvements in fire performance with maintained eco-efficiency, durability, and other properties of the original wood product. Industrial relevance, sustainable production, and end-use applications were in main focus. This type of products will increase the competitiveness of wood products in relation to other building products. A new Nordic system with classes for the Durability of the Reaction to Fire performance (DRF classes) at interior and exterior building applications has been implemented in order to assess the overall sustainable performance of the new products. The project was conducted in close co-operation between Sweden and Finland. In addition to research institutes, industry was represented by several companies producing wood products or fire retardants.
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This is the final, official report for the Vinnova-Tekes project InnoFireWood published in 2006. Several interesting findings were indeed done in the way of fire-retardancy, several of which, to the best of my knowledge, were never followed up with further research thereafter. While I have placed this paper under the section of Organic Chemistry, the field was actually and more accurately Bio-Organic Chemistry. This might be a worthvile reading for anyone working with fire retardant chemicals.
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This is the final, official report for the Vinnova-Tekes project InnoFireWood published in 2006. Several interesting findings were indeed done in the way of fire-retardancy, several of which, to the best of my knowledge, were never followed up with further research thereafter. While I have placed this paper under the section of Organic Chemistry, the field was actually and more accurately Bio-Organic Chemistry. This might be a worthvile reading for anyone working with fire retardant chemicals.
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Abstract The synthesis and characterization of surface-active compounds based on various steroid derivatives and glucose are presented. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the compounds were linked via glucosidic bonds. All compounds... more
Abstract The synthesis and characterization of surface-active compounds based on various steroid derivatives and glucose are presented. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the compounds were linked via glucosidic bonds. All compounds were found to have very low ...
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The syntheses of derivatives of dehydroabietic acid suitable for further manipulation into surfactants are presented. The compounds are produced at very high yields and purity. They contain several different functional groups, e.g.,... more
The syntheses of derivatives of dehydroabietic acid suitable for further manipulation into surfactants are presented. The compounds are produced at very high yields and purity. They contain several different functional groups, e.g., carboxylic acid, amine, ester, alcohol, and an aromatic group. The functional groups are useful as the linking unit to the hydrophilic part in synthesizing surfactants.
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Dehydroabietates with poly(ethylene oxide) chains of average m=12, 17, and 45 units [DeHab(E) m ] were synthesized. The adsorption at the liquid-vapor interface was measured, and the adsorbed amount and critical micelle concentrations... more
Dehydroabietates with poly(ethylene oxide) chains of average m=12, 17, and 45 units [DeHab(E) m ] were synthesized. The adsorption at the liquid-vapor interface was measured, and the adsorbed amount and critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were determined. The foamability, the foam stability, wetting properties, and cloud points, with and without salt content, were studied. The results were compared with common linear
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Several novel and some previously known, mostly sugar-based, surfactants have been synthesized and some of their surface properties have been characterized and compared with those of commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates. The surfactant... more
Several novel and some previously known, mostly sugar-based, surfactants have been synthesized and some of their surface properties have been characterized and compared with those of commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates. The surfactant solubility in water, ethanol, and dodecane was studied. The properties of these compounds as emulsification agents in systems composed of the surfactant with water/isopropyl myristate, water/rapeseed oil, and water/dodecane are presented. The aqueous solubility of the surfactants follows the general trend expected from their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance according to Griffin (HLBG), but it is also clear that the nature of the headgroup and the structure of the nonpolar part affect the solubility in a manner not aptured in the standard HLBG concept. An ester or amine group as the connecting unit between the hydrophile and the hydrophobe produces a more water-soluble surfactant than the corresponding amide derivative. Some effective emulsifiers were found. For instance, the surfactants with a dehydroabietic nonpolar group appear to be promosing emulsifiers. Most sugar-based surfactants were able to form macroemulsions of up to around 2 wt/vol% of oil. The stability of many of these emulsions was very high, extending for months.
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ABSTRACT: Several novel and some previously known, mostly sugar-based, surfactants have been synthesized, and their surface properties have been characterized and compared with commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates. The dispersion... more
ABSTRACT: Several novel and some previously known, mostly sugar-based, surfactants have been synthesized, and their surface properties have been characterized and compared with commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates. The dispersion prop-erties of the surfactants were ...
Research Interests:
An improved method for the synthesis of two types of carbohydrate-based, pH-sensitive surfactants has been developed. The surfactants are formed in almost quantitative yields from d-fructose and suitable alkylamines, when using a zinc... more
An improved method for the synthesis of two types of carbohydrate-based, pH-sensitive surfactants has been developed. The surfactants are formed in almost quantitative yields from d-fructose and suitable alkylamines, when using a zinc halide salt as catalyst. The reaction proceeds via an initial Amadori reaction, and the 1,2-dialkylamino-1,2-dideoxy-d-(N)-beta-glucoside precipitates out of the reaction. The product can easily be hydrolyzed to the more water-soluble, surface-active, and pH-sensitive monoalkyl derivative 2-alkylamino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose. Products from several amines can be prepared.
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Research Interests:
Wood fibres constitute a renewable raw material for the production of novel biomaterials. The development of efficient methods for cellulose surface modification is essential for expanding the properties of wood fibres for increased... more
Wood fibres constitute a renewable raw material for the production of novel biomaterials. The development of efficient methods for cellulose surface modification is essential for expanding the properties of wood fibres for increased reactivity and compatibility with other materials. By combining the high affinity between xyloglucan and cellulose, the unique mechanistic property of xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET, EC 2.4.1.207) to catalyze polysaccharide-oligosaccharide coupling reactions, and traditional carbohydrate synthesis, a new system for the attachment of a wide variety of functional groups to wood pulps has been generated. An overview of recent developments is presented in the context of the structure, physical properties, and historical applications of xyloglucan.
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Syftet med denna studie är att lyfta fram de gemensamma problem (vuxen)elever har kring förnyade matematikstudier, samt hur dessa problem kan bearbetas med lärandemiljö, planering och specialpedagogisk insats. De olika... more
Syftet med denna studie är att lyfta fram de gemensamma problem (vuxen)elever har kring förnyade matematikstudier, samt hur dessa problem kan bearbetas med lärandemiljö, planering och specialpedagogisk insats. De olika undervisningsstrategierna specialpedagoger använder för att stödja självförtroendet och inlärandet hos elever med inlärningssvårigheter inom matematik diskuteras. Data för studien har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med specialpedagoger inom matematik inriktade på vuxna elever (på Komvux). En del tidigare kända forskningsresultat bekräftas, och en del nya resultat tillkommer.
Målsättningen i uppsatsen har varit att bidra till insikter och praktiska råd kring specialpedagogens metoder, vardag och rådande kutym gällande matematikundervisning. Samtliga specialpedagoger inleder sitt arbete med eleverna genom kartläggning av skol-, familje- och sjukdomshistoria samt iakttagande av eventuella diagnoser och identifikation av elevens specifika behov. Genom dialog och ett lågaffektivt, positivt bemötande skapas en trygg relation med tiden. Allmänna arbetsstrategier utgörs av psyko-socialt uppmuntrande arbete, inlyssning (s.k. soft skills), repetition återkoppling till vad som fungerat, och särskilda strategier utgörs av tim- och veckoschema, längre kurs- och skrivtid och stödmatematiksgrupper. Specialpedagogerna rekommenderar en rad tänkta förbättringar som både skolan och specialpedagoger kan göra i sitt arbete med vuxenelever inom matematik.
Inom kursen Matematik 1 identifieras problemområdena till momenten algebra och bråkräkning, i första hand, och till funktioner, i andra hand. Ett tentativt förslag på hur problematiken inom kursen Matematik 1 på gymnasienivå (vanligtvis relaterat till algebra och bråkräkning) kan bemötas är att nationellt styrka specialpedagogiska insatser redan i årskurs 8 i grundskolan, där problemen anses ha börjat, i förebyggande syfte.
[Accepted Thesis work written in Swedish for Master's degree in Pedagogy at the Stockholm University, Sweden. Published also at the DIVA-portal.]
Målsättningen i uppsatsen har varit att bidra till insikter och praktiska råd kring specialpedagogens metoder, vardag och rådande kutym gällande matematikundervisning. Samtliga specialpedagoger inleder sitt arbete med eleverna genom kartläggning av skol-, familje- och sjukdomshistoria samt iakttagande av eventuella diagnoser och identifikation av elevens specifika behov. Genom dialog och ett lågaffektivt, positivt bemötande skapas en trygg relation med tiden. Allmänna arbetsstrategier utgörs av psyko-socialt uppmuntrande arbete, inlyssning (s.k. soft skills), repetition återkoppling till vad som fungerat, och särskilda strategier utgörs av tim- och veckoschema, längre kurs- och skrivtid och stödmatematiksgrupper. Specialpedagogerna rekommenderar en rad tänkta förbättringar som både skolan och specialpedagoger kan göra i sitt arbete med vuxenelever inom matematik.
Inom kursen Matematik 1 identifieras problemområdena till momenten algebra och bråkräkning, i första hand, och till funktioner, i andra hand. Ett tentativt förslag på hur problematiken inom kursen Matematik 1 på gymnasienivå (vanligtvis relaterat till algebra och bråkräkning) kan bemötas är att nationellt styrka specialpedagogiska insatser redan i årskurs 8 i grundskolan, där problemen anses ha börjat, i förebyggande syfte.
[Accepted Thesis work written in Swedish for Master's degree in Pedagogy at the Stockholm University, Sweden. Published also at the DIVA-portal.]
Research Interests:
Doctor of Technology in Organic Chemistry thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden in 2002.
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Master of Philosophy in Finnish thesis at the Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden in 2008.
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In this paper, the lexical influence of Chukchi, which served as an old areal Lingua Franca in the Far Northeastern Asia, onto the Yukaghir languages and dialects is presented. A historical overview of different Yukaghir neighbors is... more
In this paper, the lexical influence of Chukchi, which served as an old areal Lingua Franca in the Far Northeastern Asia, onto the Yukaghir languages and dialects is presented. A historical overview of different Yukaghir neighbors is first given. Previous suggestions of Chukchi borrowings into the Yukaghir languages are re-evaluated and commented upon. An ethnologic analysis of the early Yukaghir neighboring tribes mentioned in a very old Northeast Siberian chronicle (=Witzen 1692) serves as a background. Secondarily, a few Eskimo borrowings in Yukaghir are discussed. Chukchi lexical borrowings have already been noted in several Yukaghir branches, most notably into the easternmost languages of Chuvan and Omok [DRAFT PAPER v1].
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In this second part of this paper series, historical documentation of the Yukaghir languages spoken in the far northeastern Siberia is employed for the reconstruction of a small number of additional or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY)... more
In this second part of this paper series, historical documentation of the Yukaghir languages spoken in the far northeastern Siberia is employed for the reconstruction of a small number of additional or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY) roots. Late Proto-Yukaghir is the latest common ancestor of all varieties of Yukaghir, including the still spoken Tundra Yukaghir and Kolyma Yukaghir languages. Previously, numerous Late Proto-Yukaghir roots have convincingly and exhaustively been reconstructed in Nikolaeva's A Historical Dictionary of Yukaghir, published in 2006, and this meager report adds to those materials. The materials are presented and discussed in phonological and semantic terms, employing phonological methods similar to those of Nikolaeva's research, and adding semantic considerations missing from the dictionary. [Draft paper version 1].
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In this paper, a number of new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. The etymologies are discussed with phonologic and semantic details, and are either loanword etymologies from Ewenki, Mongolic or Yukaghir, or... more
In this paper, a number of new etymologies of the Turkic Dolgan language are discussed. The etymologies are discussed with phonologic and semantic details, and are either loanword etymologies from Ewenki, Mongolic or Yukaghir, or continuations from Pre-Yakut. These analyses add to the already fairly well researched field of Dolgan etymologies.
Author's note: This is a compilation of all three old Dolgan etymology papers along numerous other new findings!
Author's note: This is a compilation of all three old Dolgan etymology papers along numerous other new findings!
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In this seventh part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) loanword etymologies for the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other... more
In this seventh part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) loanword etymologies for the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other considerations and viewpoints. In summary, a total of ten Yakut borrowings, and one Tungusic borrowings are given, as well as one Yukaghir borrowing in Ewenki. An extra section of interest in this paper presents some new Tundra Yukaghir field data, and lastly some etymological notes and documentation corrections are again given.
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In this paper, non-standard Tungusic lexical borrowings (i.e. from sources other than Ewen/Ewenki) into the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented. Several of them represent lexical borrowings from southeastern Tungusic sources,... more
In this paper, non-standard Tungusic lexical borrowings (i.e. from sources other than Ewen/Ewenki) into the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented. Several of them represent lexical borrowings from southeastern Tungusic sources, seemingly from (Pre-)Nanai as well as a few from Negidal, a northern Tungusic language, and it can be argued that from both a geographical and chronological point of view these findings are both surprising and quite astonishing, seemingly filling in some details about the early history of the Yukaghir languages and dialects. Some borrowings appear to be of high age (at least 2000 BP) which suggests that the Yukaghir languages used to be spoken far down south closer to the native Tungusic homelands, supposedly north of Manchuria, far away from their current locations around the Kolyma River.
Research Interests:
In this sixth part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) lexical borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other... more
In this sixth part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) lexical borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other considerations and viewpoints, thus being loanword etymologies. In summary, a total of sixteen Yakut borrowings, four Tungusic and two Russian borrowings are given. An extra section of interest deals in the etymologizing of up until now quite mysteriously named Yukaghir child and youth games, and lastly some etymological notes and documentation corrections are again given.
[Note: FIRST DRAFT PAPER EDITION]
[Note: FIRST DRAFT PAPER EDITION]
Research Interests:
In this paper, a total of one hundred and eleven prospective Diaguitan words are presented, discussed and etymologized. Five of these are lexical borrowings from Aymara, Quechua, Atacameña and Eastern Bolivian Guaraní sources. Eight of... more
In this paper, a total of one hundred and eleven prospective Diaguitan words are presented, discussed and etymologized. Five of these are lexical borrowings from Aymara, Quechua, Atacameña and Eastern Bolivian Guaraní sources. Eight of these are believed Quechua borrowings and pertain to the semantic field of chicha brewing, preparation and drinking. Seventeen are etymologized merely on phonological grounds, and a full forty-six words are etymologized and clarified as flora, fauna, etc. words which were borrowed into northern Argentinian Spanish (which contains some nine thousand non-standard Spanish words), and sixteen that were borrowed into local Quechua, as well as nineteen that were borrowed into both local Spanish and local Quechua. These findings, if correct, would more than triplicate the number of known Diaguitan words and etymologies. The results also show that the Diaguitan languages used to be extensively spoken in the studied area, interacted strongly with other languages, and left traces in the local Spanish (and Quechua) language.
[Third draft paper version]
[Third draft paper version]
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In this paper, numerous Spanish and Quechua borrowings into the indigenous languages of Cofán, Siona, Cayapa, Colorado and Waorani are extensively presented in semantic and phonological terms, and regular, suggestive sound correspondences... more
In this paper, numerous Spanish and Quechua borrowings into the indigenous languages of Cofán, Siona, Cayapa, Colorado and Waorani are extensively presented in semantic and phonological terms, and regular, suggestive sound correspondences for all such borrowings into these languages are summarized. The Spanish borrowings are summarized in semantic categories pertaining to almost all possible categories including agriculture, nature, warfare, seafare, medicine, commerce, numerals, religion, law, time, and the household. The Quechuan borrowings are far fewer and pertain to nature, the household, religion and some basic verbs. A new somewhat surprising finding is Quechuan borrowings into the Siona and Waorani languages, respectively. For a semantic comparison, Spanish lexical borrowings into the Aguaruna language are presented at the end.
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In this paper, a fair number of new Páez loanword etymologies are presented, as borrowings from Spanish, Quechuan, Cofán, Portuguese, Tucanoan and Barbacoan lexical sources. Páez, a language isolate spoken in southwestern Colombia, is... more
In this paper, a fair number of new Páez loanword etymologies are presented, as borrowings from Spanish, Quechuan, Cofán, Portuguese, Tucanoan and Barbacoan lexical sources. Páez, a language isolate spoken in southwestern Colombia, is previously known to have borrowings from some of these sources, and, apparently, several of them are from Pre-Colonial times, after which Spanish borrowings in almost all possible semantic domains permeated the language. Old loanword etymologies from some of the same sources are presented, as are Páez phonology and the phonological changes occurring with the borrowings, before the new suggestions are discussed.
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Several Pre-Hispanic, trans-Pacific contact hypotheses between Polynesians and indigenous South Americans have now been discussed in archeological and linguistic circles for many decades. Recent population genetic research published in... more
Several Pre-Hispanic, trans-Pacific contact hypotheses between Polynesians and indigenous South Americans have now been discussed in archeological and linguistic circles for many decades. Recent population genetic research published in Nature in 2020 strongly suggested a Pre-Hispanic Zenú-Marquesan link. This paper therefore examines the hypotheses that the Zenú population of historical northwestern Colombia actually did speak a Choco language, and that this population participated in one, single Pre-Hispanic, trans-Pacific naval contact leading to migration to and admixing with the Polynesian population of the Marquesas Islands in the 13th century. This paper therewith provides promising linguistic evidence in support of this tentative connection by detailing suggested Chocoan loanwords into the North and South Marquesan languages.
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In this paper, further Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantic terms. This line of research continues the system outlined in the first part of this paper series. In addition to Turkic... more
In this paper, further Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantic terms. This line of research continues the system outlined in the first part of this paper series. In addition to Turkic borrowings, some Tungusic borrowings into Proto-Samoyed are also outlined. The following are borrowed from Turkic sources: Proto-Samoyed *tok- ‘to hit’, *kat- ‘to bind, sew’, *jäpɜrkɜ ‘soft’, *seŋ ~ *siŋ ‘rear part of a tent’, *so- ‘to scoop’, *pər ‘blister’, *ar- ‘to carry water’ and the following from Tungusic sources: Proto-Samoyed *kuŋkǝ ‘bend, bow’, *pujå ‘tinder’, *t’ǝpǝ ‘dirt’. These borrowings add to the previously known corpus of the near forty other Turkic borrowings into PS, and provide us with some additional insights into Tungusic borrowings made into Siberian languages.
Research Interests:
In this paper, some lexicon of the Cofán language, spoken in northeastern Ecuador and southern Colombia, is etymologized as Barbacoan loanwords. The suggestions are described in phonological and semantic terms. The correspondences do... more
In this paper, some lexicon of the Cofán language, spoken in northeastern Ecuador and southern Colombia, is etymologized as Barbacoan loanwords. The suggestions are described in phonological and semantic terms. The correspondences do represent borrowings, rather than being remnants of any tentative genealogic affinity between the two, because a brief grammatical comparison shows practically no similarities whatsoever. Further (Pre-Colonial?) contacts appear to have produced some Colorado (Barbacoan) borrowings also into Siona, and, curiously, what appears to be specific Waorani borrowings into Cofán as well as Cofán borrowings limited only to the neighboring Barbacoan language of Awa Pit. Further, a few borrowings are also to be found limited only to pairs of the above languages (Cofán, Siona, Waorani or the Barbacoan languages, all spoken close to each other). Furthermore, one suggested rare phonological Sprachbund feature shared between Awa Pit and Cofán consists of the voiceless high vowels that both languages use.
[Draft paper version 4]
[Draft paper version 4]
Research Interests:
In this paper, a total of eighty-three prospective Diaguitan words are presented, discussed and etymologized. Six of these are lexical borrowings from Aymara, Quechua, Atacameña and Eastern Bolivian Guaraní. Eight of these are believed... more
In this paper, a total of eighty-three prospective Diaguitan words are presented, discussed and etymologized. Six of these are lexical borrowings from Aymara, Quechua, Atacameña and Eastern Bolivian Guaraní. Eight of these are believed Quechuan borrowings and pertain to the semantic field of chicha brewing, preparation and drinking. Three of these are etymologized merely on phonological grounds, and a full sixty-six words are etymologized and clarified as flora, fauna, etc. words which were borrowed into northern Argentinian Spanish (which contains some nine thousand non-standard Spanish words). These findings, if correct, would more than triple the number of known Diaguitan words and etymologies. The results also show that the Diaguitan languages used to be extensively spoken in the studied are, interacted strongly with other languages, and left traces in the local Spanish (and Quechua) language.
[Early Draft paper version]
[Early Draft paper version]
Research Interests:
In this article, loanword etymologies are provided for the Mapudungun words meli ‘four’, toki ‘axe’, waiki ‘spear’, yapaq ‘leather bag’, awar ‘bean’, kakon ‘drawer’, perkün ‘to fart’, riku ‘rich’, and wiña ‘mountain cat’, the first five... more
In this article, loanword etymologies are provided for the Mapudungun words meli ‘four’, toki ‘axe’, waiki ‘spear’, yapaq ‘leather bag’, awar ‘bean’, kakon ‘drawer’, perkün ‘to fart’, riku ‘rich’, and wiña ‘mountain cat’, the first five being borrowed from Gününa Yajüch and the last four from Spanish. These findings add to the database of already known Gününa Yajüch and Spanish borrowings into Mapudungun, and, again highlight the fairly intense contacts between speakers of these languages. It appears as if the Gününa Yajüch borrowings are chronologically older than the Spanish ones.
[Early draft paper version]
[Early draft paper version]
Research Interests:
In this article, loanword etymologies of Mochica, an extinct isolate language of northern Peru, are handled. The phonology of older suggestions are summarized, making a phonological framework for the here newly laid out loanword... more
In this article, loanword etymologies of Mochica, an extinct isolate language of northern Peru, are handled. The phonology of older suggestions are summarized, making a phonological framework for the here newly laid out loanword etymological suggestions. In total, a full nineteen secure and eight tentative Quechuan and three secure Spanish loanword etymologies are given for Mochica lexicon. As further comparanda some Aymara roots are included. The data strengthens our understanding of the historical sound correspondences between the languages involved, and gives us additional insights about the social contexts of the language contacts.
[Early draft paper version]
[Early draft paper version]
Research Interests:
Continuing on previous research, in this fifth installment of a paper series a total of twenty-four newly found borrowings from Turkic (ten borrowings), Tungusic (seven borrowings) and Russian (seven borrowings) into the Yukaghir... more
Continuing on previous research, in this fifth installment of a paper series a total of twenty-four newly found borrowings from Turkic (ten borrowings), Tungusic (seven borrowings) and Russian (seven borrowings) into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of the far northeastern Siberia are presented with semantic and phonological details as loanword etymologies. Cursory discussions about the vocabulary also in the surrounding languages is given, and the etymologies of Yukaghir toponomy are discussed as a special section of interest.
Research Interests:
In this paper, lexical borrowings between Dagur (a Mongolic language) and Solon (a Tungusic language) are presented. A large majority of the borrowings are from Dagur into Solon. A few scattered examples of other borrowings in the local... more
In this paper, lexical borrowings between Dagur (a Mongolic language) and Solon (a Tungusic language) are presented. A large majority of the borrowings are from Dagur into Solon. A few scattered examples of other borrowings in the local languages are also noted. The loanword suggestions are presented in terms of phonology and semantics, and complement older research in this area. Some new Tungusic etymologies for Solon roots are suggested, and other areal etymologies discussed.
[This is the SECOND revision of this large draft paper, which resulted from all the feedback that the first draft paper version received, plus lots of additional materials and new findings... this Rev 2 version is thus 46 pages instead of the original 30 pages. Since then I have continued to add new findings and data to this draft, and it is becoming such a large volume (currently 56 pages with Revision 3) that I am considering making a book out of this project, although possible publisher and so on are at this point complete unknowns - ideas, comments and suggestions on this are most welcome!]
[This is the SECOND revision of this large draft paper, which resulted from all the feedback that the first draft paper version received, plus lots of additional materials and new findings... this Rev 2 version is thus 46 pages instead of the original 30 pages. Since then I have continued to add new findings and data to this draft, and it is becoming such a large volume (currently 56 pages with Revision 3) that I am considering making a book out of this project, although possible publisher and so on are at this point complete unknowns - ideas, comments and suggestions on this are most welcome!]
Research Interests:
In this paper, lexical borrowings between Dagur (a Mongolic language) and Solon (a Tungusic language) are presented. Most borrowings are from Dagur into Solon. A few scattered examples of other borrowings in the local languages are also... more
In this paper, lexical borrowings between Dagur (a Mongolic language) and Solon (a Tungusic language) are presented. Most borrowings are from Dagur into Solon. A few scattered examples of other borrowings in the local languages are also noted. The loanword suggestions are presented in terms of phonology and semantics, and complement older research in this area.
Note that this constitues the FIRST draft version of this paper, which has later been vastly improved and updated (with another Session held) into a second draft paper version (v2).
Note that this constitues the FIRST draft version of this paper, which has later been vastly improved and updated (with another Session held) into a second draft paper version (v2).
Research Interests:
In this short paper, old and new loanword etymologies for Kalmyk bird names are discussed, having been borrowed from Russian or Turkmen sources (or in a few cases from Kyrgyz sources). The etymologies are briefly discussed in phonological... more
In this short paper, old and new loanword etymologies for Kalmyk bird names are discussed, having been borrowed from Russian or Turkmen sources (or in a few cases from Kyrgyz sources). The etymologies are briefly discussed in phonological and semantic terms, and some thoughts on previous etymologies are also given.
Research Interests:
In this study, over a dozen new lexical borrowings related to fauna in the Altai-Sayan region are presented and suggested between Turkic, Tungusic, Mongolic, Yeniseian and Samoyedic languages, with specific focus on individual Samoyedic... more
In this study, over a dozen new lexical borrowings related to fauna in the Altai-Sayan region are presented and suggested between Turkic, Tungusic, Mongolic, Yeniseian and Samoyedic languages, with specific focus on individual Samoyedic languages. Interestingly, two specific groups of borrowings do indicate ancient substrate effects in two of the Samoyedic languages: Mongols and Selkup-speakers did interact, as did Ewenki and Nenets-speakers.
[EARLY DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
[EARLY DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
Research Interests:
In this brief essay, four new Tofalar loanword etymologies for Mator lexical roots are presented. The indicated historical interaction between this Turkic and Samoyedic (Uralic) language, respectively, adds some new details to the several... more
In this brief essay, four new Tofalar loanword etymologies for Mator lexical roots are presented. The indicated historical interaction between this Turkic and Samoyedic (Uralic) language, respectively, adds some new details to the several other already known lexical borrowings between these languages, and therewith suggests some new minor insights about the sociocultural and sociolinguistic nature and context of these ancient language contacts.
[FIRST DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
[FIRST DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
Research Interests:
Continuing on previous research, in this fifth part of a paper series, a total of fifteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern... more
Continuing on previous research, in this fifth part of a paper series, a total of fifteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are presented as loanword etymologies, as well as eleven most tentative borrowing suggestions from the same sources, tentative only due to numerous semantic or phonological problems. The chronology of the totally twenty-six borrowing suggested is considered again to some degree, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed. The results continue to highlight the extensive historical social contacts between the Yukaghir populations and surrounding tribes.
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION - the numbering of the drafts for this paper series require some clarification. This fifth draft is what became the second part of the fourth installment of the paper series, while the original fourth draft became the first part of teh fourth installment. Thus, the published fourth installment is a double paper; a reader of the published fourth installment will thus read the results of both the original fourth and fifth draft papers. The fifth installment will thus essentially be a sixth draft paper, but it will be called part V instead.]
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION - the numbering of the drafts for this paper series require some clarification. This fifth draft is what became the second part of the fourth installment of the paper series, while the original fourth draft became the first part of teh fourth installment. Thus, the published fourth installment is a double paper; a reader of the published fourth installment will thus read the results of both the original fourth and fifth draft papers. The fifth installment will thus essentially be a sixth draft paper, but it will be called part V instead.]
Research Interests:
In this paper, a small number of new or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir roots are presented and discussed. Furthermore, numerous etymological comments, notes and discussions are presented for Yukaghir lexicon, ranging from the obscure... more
In this paper, a small number of new or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir roots are presented and discussed. Furthermore, numerous etymological comments, notes and discussions are presented for Yukaghir lexicon, ranging from the obscure historical records to the modern languages, clarifying a few matters, correcting some and adding further information of interest to others.
[EARLY DRAFT PAPER VERSION - the final paper was published in Ural-Altaic Studies]
[EARLY DRAFT PAPER VERSION - the final paper was published in Ural-Altaic Studies]
Research Interests:
A rare Karelian lexical borrowing in the Turkic Dolgan language of the Taimyr Peninsula is presented. Karelian maksu~maksa 'liver' is demonstrably a donor of dialectal Russian maksa~maksy 'fish liver (of cod, burbot, salmon); liver of... more
A rare Karelian lexical borrowing in the Turkic Dolgan language of the Taimyr Peninsula is presented. Karelian maksu~maksa 'liver' is demonstrably a donor of dialectal Russian maksa~maksy 'fish liver (of cod, burbot, salmon); liver of bigger fish; fish guts, milt' (previously known), as well as Dolgan maksu 'liver of a burbot used in (reindeer) leather processing' (previously non-etymologized). It is suggested that dialectal Russian may have acted as an intermediary language for the borrowing into Dolgan. Alternatively, the borrowing could have taken place independently into dialectal Russian and Dolgan sometime after the year 1617 from Olonets Karelian. The borrowing scenario presented herein is demonstrated through phonological, semantical and historical viewpoints.
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION - NON-SUBMITTED]
NOTE: The Karelian word, in one form or another, has been compared to the Dolgan word, and while the historical details presented here may be considered new, the Dolgan word should not be considered previously non-etymologized.
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION - NON-SUBMITTED]
NOTE: The Karelian word, in one form or another, has been compared to the Dolgan word, and while the historical details presented here may be considered new, the Dolgan word should not be considered previously non-etymologized.
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In this paper, numerous Turkic and Mongolic bird names etymologies are discussed, suggested, verified and commented upon. Reconstructed roots are given or revised, and various borrowings, both on the proto-language level, and on the local... more
In this paper, numerous Turkic and Mongolic bird names etymologies are discussed, suggested, verified and commented upon. Reconstructed roots are given or revised, and various borrowings, both on the proto-language level, and on the local individual language level are summarized. The Turkic birds in question are species of the white stork, harrier, lark, falcon, tern, quail, goshawk, kestrel, starling, pheasant, wild turkey, swan, chicken and pigeon, and on the Mongolic side the black-cock, pheasant, swan, wild turkey and chicken.
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION - NON-SUBMITTED]
Note: I advice any reader to consider this draft version merely a brief notes version. This draft paper is now being extensively edited and rewritten - next iteration will be posted some time in the future. It is important to note that some important references are missing, and that several of the comparisons made here have already been made in some other sources. Then, this draft paper version (v1) will be completely removed from the site and exchanged with the upcoming version (rev2). At that point, an entirely new Session dealing with that version instead will be commenced.... hoping to see as many as possible of you there!
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION - NON-SUBMITTED]
Note: I advice any reader to consider this draft version merely a brief notes version. This draft paper is now being extensively edited and rewritten - next iteration will be posted some time in the future. It is important to note that some important references are missing, and that several of the comparisons made here have already been made in some other sources. Then, this draft paper version (v1) will be completely removed from the site and exchanged with the upcoming version (rev2). At that point, an entirely new Session dealing with that version instead will be commenced.... hoping to see as many as possible of you there!
Research Interests:
Continuing on previous research, in this fourth part of a paper series, a total of eighteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern... more
Continuing on previous research, in this fourth part of a paper series, a total of eighteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are presented as loanword etymologies. The chronology of the borrowings is considered to some degree, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed. Further, another tentative nominal derivational suffix is suggested and discussed. The results continue to highlight the extensive historical social contacts between the Yukaghir populations and surrounding tribes.
[Draft paper version - for further clarifications regarding the number of the drafts that became this paper series, see the notes for IV, part 2]
[Draft paper version - for further clarifications regarding the number of the drafts that became this paper series, see the notes for IV, part 2]
Research Interests:
In this paper up to twenty-eight new loanword etymologies are described as Yup’ik borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia, with phonological and semantic considerations for each suggestion. These... more
In this paper up to twenty-eight new loanword etymologies are described as Yup’ik borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia, with phonological and semantic considerations for each suggestion. These findings add some new insights into the historical phonology of such ancient borrowings, and provide clear etymologies for a number of isolated Yukaghir words. The chronology of the borrowings is also considered, and various factors point at different borrowing layers continuously from very ancient times until modern days. It is argued that these Eskimo borrowings are invariably of the Yup’ik variety (instead of Inuit variety), and that Yup’ik language(s)
was spoken in much earlier times around the Kolyma River where Yukaghir is currently still spoken, and then in particular closeness to the Tundra Yukaghirs.
The semantic categorization of the borrowings place most as elementary phenomena, actions and perceptions, and if not actually describing a real genetic language relationship, this at least suggests very intense linguistic contacts for Yup’ik and Yukaghir under bi- or multi-lingual conditions likely with tribal marriage and where code-switching was the norm for generations.
[Draft paper version]
was spoken in much earlier times around the Kolyma River where Yukaghir is currently still spoken, and then in particular closeness to the Tundra Yukaghirs.
The semantic categorization of the borrowings place most as elementary phenomena, actions and perceptions, and if not actually describing a real genetic language relationship, this at least suggests very intense linguistic contacts for Yup’ik and Yukaghir under bi- or multi-lingual conditions likely with tribal marriage and where code-switching was the norm for generations.
[Draft paper version]
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The previously non-discussed ancient east Asian Wanderwort araj~aran ‘interjection; barely, suddenly’ is discussed and presented in great detail, and traced throughout many languages phonologically and semantically. The root has also... more
The previously non-discussed ancient east Asian Wanderwort araj~aran ‘interjection; barely, suddenly’ is discussed and presented in great detail, and traced throughout many languages phonologically and semantically. The root has also undergone local secondary semantic developments in places, meanings which have then been borrowed into neighboring languages, some already carrying the same root, some thus borrowing only the new semantic meaning. After detailed lexical documentation of this root in various languages, a possible semantic map is presented at the end of the study. Language groups and languages involved in this very geographically spread out Wanderwort are the Turkic, Tungusic, Mongolic and Yukaghir languages, as well as Tocharian B, Selkup, Kott, Russian, Japanese and Iñupiatun Eskimo.
ADDENDUM: Note that the final version of this paper has been published on the 17th of December, 2020 as: Piispanen, P.S. (2020) An Ancient East Asian Wanderwort. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 73(4), p. 569-586.
https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00029
ADDENDUM: Note that the final version of this paper has been published on the 17th of December, 2020 as: Piispanen, P.S. (2020) An Ancient East Asian Wanderwort. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 73(4), p. 569-586.
https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00029
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In this paper, a group of twenty-eight Yukaghir words describing fairly recently borrowed Russian cultural vocabulary is re-etymologized. All of these words of various Yukaghir languages and dialects, but mainly of the Tundra Yukaghir... more
In this paper, a group of twenty-eight Yukaghir words describing fairly recently borrowed Russian cultural vocabulary is re-etymologized. All of these words of various Yukaghir languages and dialects, but mainly of the Tundra Yukaghir variety, have previously been given loanword etymologies as direct Russian borrowings. However, phonological considerations clearly demonstrate that this is a false assumption, and instead all of these words have been borrowed into Yukaghir from Yakut as an intermediary language. All the Yukaghir words show clear signs of Yakut phonology, but are ultimately of Russian origin (having earlier been borrowed into Yakut). Schematically, all of these re-etymologized words can be described as: Russian > Yakut > Yukaghir. Semantically, the words describe various modern concepts including the household, cooking, culture & society, bureaucracy and healthcare. This well demonstrates that Yukaghirs, in particular Tundra Yukaghirs, have lived in a bi-, tri-or even multilingual environment (of Yukaghir, Yakut, Russian, etc.) at least during the last few centuries.
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Continuing on previous research, in this third part of a paper series, eighteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic (and Russian) languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern... more
Continuing on previous research, in this third part of a paper series, eighteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic (and Russian) languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are presented as loanword etymologies, which is followed by the discussion of a few tentative cases. The chronology of the borrowings is considered, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed. Further, some transcriptional corrections to the documentation of older Yukaghir lexicon is suggested. The results again highlight the extensive historical social contacts between the Yukaghir populations and surrounding tribes.
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
Research Interests:
Continuing on previous research, in this second part of a paper series, eleven newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are... more
Continuing on previous research, in this second part of a paper series, eleven newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are presented as loanword etymologies. The chronology of the borrowings is considered, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed.
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
[DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
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In this paper, more Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantical terms. Turkic loanword etymologies are given for several non-etymologized Proto-Samoyed (PS) roots, including PS *kürə̂-~*kür-... more
In this paper, more Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantical terms. Turkic loanword etymologies are given for several non-etymologized Proto-Samoyed (PS) roots, including PS *kürə̂-~*kür- ‘to run‘; PS *jumpə̂ ‘moss’; PS *jårə̂- ‘to cry’; PS *jär ’center, middle’; PS *kə̂j- ‘to go’, and PS *kə̂jm- ‘short’. These six borrowings add to the previously known corpus of around thirty other Turkic borrowings into PS. Local Turkic borrowings are found as Samoyed Mator kargui~xargoj ’raven’ and Karagas karhúl ’raven’, as well as Kamassian ber~bə̂ r̀ ‘smoke, dust’, and possibly Nenets pārontāj (O) ‘snowdrift’. Further, the hitherto undiscovered Wanderwort character of PS *kün ‘navel’ is comparatively discussed.
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In this paper, Middle Proto-Yukaghir (i.e. Pre-PY) lexicon is reconstructed for the first time from Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY) roots using internal reconstruction techniques taking semantics, phonology and suffixation patterns into account.... more
In this paper, Middle Proto-Yukaghir (i.e. Pre-PY) lexicon is reconstructed for the first time from Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY) roots using internal reconstruction techniques taking semantics, phonology and suffixation patterns into account. The derived roots are then applied to the comparative method using Uralic, Turkic, Tungusic, etc. roots to find additional etymological details in the form of very early borrowings as well as Uralic cognates: Pre-PY *jap- ‘to bump’ (a Turkic borrowing); Pre-PY *jere- ‘to cut (wood)’; Pre-PY *kulke ‘to move; to wade’ (a Uralic cognate); Pre-PY *moro- ‘to put on; to get dressed’; Pre-PY *kej-~*koj- ‘to break into pieces’ (a Turkic borrowing); Pre-PY *nime- ‘name’ (a Uralic cognate); Pre-PY *pe:jə ‘cheek’; Pre-PY *po:jə ‘tan’; Pre-PY *me:nći:- ‘sledge’; Pre-PY *lom- ‘to drink; to smoke’; Pre-PY *kuńćə 'worm (in animals)'(a Uralic cognate). In addition, two Tungusic borrowings are found with PY *met- to inform’ & PY *čaw- ‘arrow’/PY *čowinə ‘spear’.
[DRAFT PAPER - NON-SUBMITTED. THIS DRAFT CONTAINS SOME VERY EARLY, UNDEVELOPED IDEAS AND I HAVE SINCE RECONSIDERED MUCH OF THIS - THERE MAY BE SOME SALVAGEABLE MATERIALS HERE TO BE DEVELOPED IN THE FUTURE, BUT PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE ANY OF THIS WITHOUT CONSULTING ME FIRST.]
[DRAFT PAPER - NON-SUBMITTED. THIS DRAFT CONTAINS SOME VERY EARLY, UNDEVELOPED IDEAS AND I HAVE SINCE RECONSIDERED MUCH OF THIS - THERE MAY BE SOME SALVAGEABLE MATERIALS HERE TO BE DEVELOPED IN THE FUTURE, BUT PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE ANY OF THIS WITHOUT CONSULTING ME FIRST.]
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "The influence of Chukchi, an ancient lingua franca, onto the Yukaghir languages and dialects" [1st Draft paper edition] totaling an impressive 117 pages of... more
A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "The influence of Chukchi, an ancient lingua franca, onto the Yukaghir languages and dialects" [1st Draft paper edition] totaling an impressive 117 pages of discussion with 70 participants held during a period of almost 3 months. Various issues were handled, errors were corrected, and additional suggestions were given improving the overall quality of this work. Furthermore, various tangential linguistic details were discussed, producing a few new findings and ideas outside the scope of this draft paper. I wish you happy reading, good colleague!
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Some new Late Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions with added thoughts and considerations on various etymologies, pt.2" [complete 1st Draft paper edition] totaling 25... more
A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Some new Late Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions with added thoughts and considerations on various etymologies, pt.2" [complete 1st Draft paper edition] totaling 25 pages and with 82 participants. Various issues and suggestions were handled improving the overall quality of this work.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "New Dolgan Etymologies" [complete 1st Draft paper edition] totaling 32 pages and with 97 participants. Various issues and suggestions were handled improving the... more
A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "New Dolgan Etymologies" [complete 1st Draft paper edition] totaling 32 pages and with 97 participants. Various issues and suggestions were handled improving the overall quality of this work.
Research Interests:
A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Additional Turkic and Tungusic borrowings into Yukaghir, pt. 7" [1st Draft paper edition] totaling 31 pages and with 84 participants. Includes some field data and... more
A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Additional Turkic and Tungusic borrowings into Yukaghir, pt. 7" [1st Draft paper edition] totaling 31 pages and with 84 participants. Includes some field data and discussion on semantic development of 'moufflon', 'sloth-bear', 'spider', etc.
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A copy of the whole 6 weeks discussion session on the draft paper version of "South Tungusic elements in Yukaghir?" (v1) totaling a massive 69 pages by 98 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared their thoughts on revised... more
A copy of the whole 6 weeks discussion session on the draft paper version of "South Tungusic elements in Yukaghir?" (v1) totaling a massive 69 pages by 98 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared their thoughts on revised suggestions, references, language corrections, and the tangential topic of Serbi-Mongolic languages, and Tungusic, Chinese, and Mongolic lexical borrowings into the Nivkh languages (w/ special thanks to Jörg Bäcker), and Chinese lexical borrowings into Oroch, and much more! As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards before submission. There will be a sister paper dealing with (Serbi-)Mongolic borrowings in Yukaghir, as well as a paper dealing with new Nivkh loanword etymologies. Enjoy the lively discussion!
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A copy of the whole extensive, 3-month discussion (!) session on the draft paper version of "Diaguitan Etymologies" (v3) totaling an astounding, and relevant 153 pages by 66 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared their... more
A copy of the whole extensive, 3-month discussion (!) session on the draft paper version of "Diaguitan Etymologies" (v3) totaling an astounding, and relevant 153 pages by 66 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared their thoughts on various tangential topics such as Mochica, the Huarpean languages, Ayacucho Quechua, Páez, Cayapa, Murá, Matawí, Lule, Diaguitan field work, Swadesh-Jakarta-Lena word lists, linguistic theory, references and much more! As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards. New projects, including a new language family, will also result from this discussion (w/ special thanks to M. Moretti). Enjoy the lively discussion!
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A copy of the whole productive and exhaustive discussion session on the draft paper of "Additional Turkic and Tungusic borrowings into Yukaghir, pt. 6" [1st Draft paper edition] totaling an impressive 52 pages and with 85 participants.
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A copy of the very brief Session held about the paper "Diaguitan Etymologies" with 12 participants which only contains a few additional thoughts and notes by the author on the data presented in the draft paper (v2).
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A copy of the whole very productive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Inside Ecuador: Quechua and Spanish loanword etymologies for Cofán, Siona, Cayapa, Colorado and Waorani" (v2) totaling 11 pages with 65 participants. As... more
A copy of the whole very productive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Inside Ecuador: Quechua and Spanish loanword etymologies for Cofán, Siona, Cayapa, Colorado and Waorani" (v2) totaling 11 pages with 65 participants. As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards. Enjoy the discussion!
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A copy of the whole very productive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Some Páez loanword etymologies" (v1) totaling a 17 pages with 36 participants. As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully... more
A copy of the whole very productive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Some Páez loanword etymologies" (v1) totaling a 17 pages with 36 participants. As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards. Enjoy the discussion!
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A copy of the whole extensive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Pre-Hispanic contacts between Chocoan and Marquesan populations and languages across the Pacific" (v1) totaling a full 47 pages (with some tangential... more
A copy of the whole extensive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Pre-Hispanic contacts between Chocoan and Marquesan populations and languages across the Pacific" (v1) totaling a full 47 pages (with some tangential discussion) with 95 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared their thoughts on the tangential discussions on various topics such as archaeology, polynesian etymology, population and flora genetics, oral history, linguistic theory, references and more! As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards. A lot of materials will be removed, but some remains. Enjoy the lively discussion!
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A copy of the whole very productive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Turkic lexical borrowings in Samoyed, pt. 2" (v1) totaling a full 76 pages with 129 participants. This was an impressive gathering - and special thanks... more
A copy of the whole very productive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Turkic lexical borrowings in Samoyed, pt. 2" (v1) totaling a full 76 pages with 129 participants. This was an impressive gathering - and special thanks go to the participants sharing their expertise on various subjects related to the materials and to tangential fields of study. As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards. Enjoy the discussion!
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A copy of the whole extensive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Barbacoan etymologies for Cofán" (v4) totaling a full 42 pages (with some tangential discussion) with 84 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared... more
A copy of the whole extensive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Barbacoan etymologies for Cofán" (v4) totaling a full 42 pages (with some tangential discussion) with 84 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared their thoughts on the tangential discussions on various topics such as ethno-history, geography, linguistic history, phonology, semantics as well as Spanish and Quechuan borrowings and more! As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards. Enjoy the discussion!
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This Session details the commentary around a draft paper dealing in the thesis that Tocharian B seriñ 'comb' might be borrowed from the Uralic languages, cf. Proto-Uralic *särä~*särE 'to unravel, to disentangle', *särä 'fiber; thread'... more
This Session details the commentary around a draft paper dealing in the thesis that Tocharian B seriñ 'comb' might be borrowed from the Uralic languages, cf. Proto-Uralic *särä~*särE 'to unravel, to disentangle', *särä 'fiber; thread' (and Late Proto-Yukaghir *saritE- 'to comb'). The Tocharian B word was found in the passage: päkṣalya serintsa matsi wakṣālle ‘...[is to] be cooked; with seriṃ the headhair [is to] be combed [?]’ (W-12a5) (Adams, D.Q. 1999).
However, it has come now to light that a new reading of the document containing the Tocharian B word by Tatsushi Tamai, one of the world's leading experts on Tocharian paleography, instead has it as separate /se/, the demonstrative pronoun, followed by /rin/, still of unknown meaning. The current translation of this passage is thus: '(together) with rin this should make hair flourish'. In other words, Tocharian B seriñ 'comb' is a ghost lect, and never existed - and thus there is no etymology to work out, and the suggestions are rendered moot. Therefore, I have also opted to delete the draft paper from my page, so that future readers will not be led amiss. In any event, I have opted to save the discussion for posterity.
However, it has come now to light that a new reading of the document containing the Tocharian B word by Tatsushi Tamai, one of the world's leading experts on Tocharian paleography, instead has it as separate /se/, the demonstrative pronoun, followed by /rin/, still of unknown meaning. The current translation of this passage is thus: '(together) with rin this should make hair flourish'. In other words, Tocharian B seriñ 'comb' is a ghost lect, and never existed - and thus there is no etymology to work out, and the suggestions are rendered moot. Therefore, I have also opted to delete the draft paper from my page, so that future readers will not be led amiss. In any event, I have opted to save the discussion for posterity.
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A copy of the whole discussion session on the draft paper version of "Some Gününa Yajüch loanword etymologies for Mapudungun" totaling a full 17 pages (with some tangential discussion) with 20 participants. Special thanks go to those who... more
A copy of the whole discussion session on the draft paper version of "Some Gününa Yajüch loanword etymologies for Mapudungun" totaling a full 17 pages (with some tangential discussion) with 20 participants. Special thanks go to those who shared their thoughts on the tangential discussion of the Altaic language hypothesis. As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Quechua borrowing etymologies for Mochica" totaling a full 36 pages and with 18 participants. Special thanks to everyone who commented!
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A copy of the whole discussion session on the SECOND draft paper version of "Languages in contact: Solon and Dagur" totaling only 5 pages - as most feedback was received already during the FIRST draft paper Session - and with 18... more
A copy of the whole discussion session on the SECOND draft paper version of "Languages in contact: Solon and Dagur" totaling only 5 pages - as most feedback was received already during the FIRST draft paper Session - and with 18 participants. Special thanks go to Jargal Badagarov for his comments during this Session.
Note: This project has continued, and the current draft paper is 55 pages and growing as details, and more lexical comparisons and sources are being added. The resulting materials will likely later on be either divided into a series of smaller papers, or, alternatively become a book.
Note: This project has continued, and the current draft paper is 55 pages and growing as details, and more lexical comparisons and sources are being added. The resulting materials will likely later on be either divided into a series of smaller papers, or, alternatively become a book.
Research Interests:
A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the first draft paper version of "Languages in contact: Solon and Dagur" totaling 18 pages and with 24 participants. Note that this first draft paper has been vastly improved... more
A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the first draft paper version of "Languages in contact: Solon and Dagur" totaling 18 pages and with 24 participants.
Note that this first draft paper has been vastly improved afterwards based on the feedback and new materials, and a new Session therefore was to be held (second version of this draft paper, v2) - check that Session out as well if interested in the topic!
Note that this first draft paper has been vastly improved afterwards based on the feedback and new materials, and a new Session therefore was to be held (second version of this draft paper, v2) - check that Session out as well if interested in the topic!
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "New and old Turkmen and Russian loanword etymologies for Kalmyk bird names" totaling 19 pages and with 17 participants.
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A copy of the whole extensive, productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Fauna loanwords in the Altai-Sayan region" totaling 35 pages and with 40 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Some Tofalar borrowings in Mator" totaling 19 pages and with 22 participants.
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Continuing on previous research, in this fifth part of a paper series, a total of fifteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern... more
Continuing on previous research, in this fifth part of a paper series, a total of fifteen newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghir languages and dialects of far northeastern Siberia are presented as loanword
etymologies, as well as eleven most tentative borrowing suggestions from the same sources, tentative only due to numerous semantic or phonological problems. The chronology of the totally twenty-six borrowing suggested is considered again to some degree, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed. The results continue to highlight the extensive historical social contacts between the Yukaghir populations and surrounding tribes.
[FIRST DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
etymologies, as well as eleven most tentative borrowing suggestions from the same sources, tentative only due to numerous semantic or phonological problems. The chronology of the totally twenty-six borrowing suggested is considered again to some degree, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion, and other possible cognates or borrowings in the surrounding languages are also discussed. The results continue to highlight the extensive historical social contacts between the Yukaghir populations and surrounding tribes.
[FIRST DRAFT PAPER VERSION]
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Some new Late Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions with added thoughts and considerations on various etymologies" totaling 7 pages and with 21 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Additional Turkic and Tungusic borrowings into Yukaghir, pt. 4" totaling 14 pages and with 22 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Yup'ik loan etymologies for the Yukaghir languages and dialects" totaling 14 pages and with 24 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "An ancient East Asian Wanderwort" totaling 19 pages and with 39 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Re-etymologizing Russian cultural vocabulary in Yukaghir as mediated by the Yakut" totaling 16 pages and with 20 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Additional Turkic and Tungusic borrowings into Yukaghir, pt. 3" totaling 13 pages and with 19 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Additional Turkic and Tungusic borrowings into Yukaghir, pt. 2" totaling 37 pages and with 34 participants.
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A copy of the whole productive discussion session on the draft paper of "Turkic lexical borrowings in Samoyed" totaling 31 pages and with 36 participants.
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In this third part of this paper series, historical documentation of the Yukaghir languages spoken in the far northeastern Siberia is employed for the reconstruction of a small number of additional or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY)... more
In this third part of this paper series, historical documentation of the Yukaghir languages spoken in the far northeastern Siberia is employed for the reconstruction of a small number of additional or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir (PY) roots. Late Proto-Yukaghir is the latest common ancestor of all varieties of Yukaghir, including the still spoken Tundra Yukaghir and Kolyma Yukaghir languages. Previously, numerous Late Proto-Yukaghir roots have convincingly and exhaustively been reconstructed in Nikolaeva’s A Historical
Dictionary of Yukaghir, published in 2006, and this meager report adds to those materials. The materials are presented and discussed in phonological and semantic terms, employing phonological methods similar to those of Nikolaeva’s research, and adding semantic considerations missing from the dictionary.
The newly reconstructed or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir roots include:
1. PY *po:jǝ ‘tan’,
2. PY *pe:jǝ ‘cheek’,
3. PY *me:nći: ‘sledge’,
4. PY *pojǝ- ‘to carry’,
5. PY *pulgǝ ~ *purgǝ ‘knot, node’,
6. PY *čimpǝ- ‘to peep (of a mouse)’; *čimpuče: ‘mouse’,
7. PY *mollǝ- ‘to moan’; mollińčǝr- ‘to choke’, and
8. PY *nunńǝ ‘thick (of skin)’, *nunńijǝ ‘thick (part of a skin)’.
Furthermore, numerous etymological comments, notes, discussions and clarifying details are presented for Yukaghir lexicon, ranging from the obscure historical records to the modern languages, clarifying a few matters, correcting some and adding further information of interest to others. Yukaghir roots (or words of later Russian or Ewenki origin) are discussed, and given concrete meanings, include: PY *Anado:r ~ *Anadǝr ‘the river Anadyr’; PY *čolqǝrǝ ‘hare’ (< Tungusic?); KJ Alasej ‘name of a river’; TY qoγije ‘hook for getting ash out of a pipe for smoking’ (< PY *qoγ- ~ *qoŋk- ‘to pick’); B poyat ‘belt’ (< Russian or PY *poj-a-t ‘lifter’); M índlewon ‘fresh’ (< PY *inl’ǝ- ‘new’), B irrendi-gar ‘coat’ (< PY *irinte:-qajr ‘reindeer skin’), KD el’-d’ahal’ne- ‘negligent, untidy (of a housewife)’< PY *čaɣal’ ‘to be fastidious’).
Dictionary of Yukaghir, published in 2006, and this meager report adds to those materials. The materials are presented and discussed in phonological and semantic terms, employing phonological methods similar to those of Nikolaeva’s research, and adding semantic considerations missing from the dictionary.
The newly reconstructed or revised Late Proto-Yukaghir roots include:
1. PY *po:jǝ ‘tan’,
2. PY *pe:jǝ ‘cheek’,
3. PY *me:nći: ‘sledge’,
4. PY *pojǝ- ‘to carry’,
5. PY *pulgǝ ~ *purgǝ ‘knot, node’,
6. PY *čimpǝ- ‘to peep (of a mouse)’; *čimpuče: ‘mouse’,
7. PY *mollǝ- ‘to moan’; mollińčǝr- ‘to choke’, and
8. PY *nunńǝ ‘thick (of skin)’, *nunńijǝ ‘thick (part of a skin)’.
Furthermore, numerous etymological comments, notes, discussions and clarifying details are presented for Yukaghir lexicon, ranging from the obscure historical records to the modern languages, clarifying a few matters, correcting some and adding further information of interest to others. Yukaghir roots (or words of later Russian or Ewenki origin) are discussed, and given concrete meanings, include: PY *Anado:r ~ *Anadǝr ‘the river Anadyr’; PY *čolqǝrǝ ‘hare’ (< Tungusic?); KJ Alasej ‘name of a river’; TY qoγije ‘hook for getting ash out of a pipe for smoking’ (< PY *qoγ- ~ *qoŋk- ‘to pick’); B poyat ‘belt’ (< Russian or PY *poj-a-t ‘lifter’); M índlewon ‘fresh’ (< PY *inl’ǝ- ‘new’), B irrendi-gar ‘coat’ (< PY *irinte:-qajr ‘reindeer skin’), KD el’-d’ahal’ne- ‘negligent, untidy (of a housewife)’< PY *čaɣal’ ‘to be fastidious’).
Research Interests:
Dear fellow researchers and other interested parties, Please find my draft paper on the THIRD installment of my paper series on new Late Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions, corrections and etymological considerations for your perusal and... more
Dear fellow researchers and other interested parties,
Please find my draft paper on the THIRD installment of my paper series on new Late Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions, corrections and etymological considerations for your perusal and commenting! I have been working very hard with 45 hour teaching weeks this semester, which unfortunately has left no room, time or energy for any linguistic research... until now. Any and all comments are most welcome, and will be used to improve the contents of the paper to publishable standards!
Best regards, / Peter :-)
Please find my draft paper on the THIRD installment of my paper series on new Late Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions, corrections and etymological considerations for your perusal and commenting! I have been working very hard with 45 hour teaching weeks this semester, which unfortunately has left no room, time or energy for any linguistic research... until now. Any and all comments are most welcome, and will be used to improve the contents of the paper to publishable standards!
Best regards, / Peter :-)