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My research thesis on the cult of St. Michael the Archangel in medieval Hungary, defended at Central European University (CEU) in 2007. This work extended my previous thesis on his artistic representations in the region by exploring the... more
My research thesis on the cult of St. Michael the Archangel in medieval Hungary, defended at Central European University (CEU) in 2007. This work extended my previous thesis on his artistic representations in the region by exploring the warrior profile of the Archangel as mirrored by textual and pictorial traces of his encounters with the devil.
Research Interests:
Castel Sant’Angelo embodies the metaphor of the assemblage, as a building whose architectural history is intertwined with the broader context of the iconographic symbolism of ornamentation. The Archangel was spectacularly integrated into... more
Castel Sant’Angelo embodies the metaphor of the assemblage, as a building whose architectural history is intertwined with the broader context of the iconographic symbolism of ornamentation. The Archangel was spectacularly integrated into the line of warrior saints in the Eternal City, which is difficult to dissociate from the architectural prominence of the military fortress named after him. The architectural assembly practice of the complex also affected the (self-)image of Rome, as a result of a mutual interdependence between the architectural mosaic and the angel’s more abstract, symbolic undertones.
The article examines the Hungarian corona angelica tradition, according to which the Holy Crown of Hungary was delivered to the country by an angel. In order to embed Hungarian results into international scholarship, it provides an... more
The article examines the Hungarian corona angelica tradition, according to which the Holy Crown of Hungary was delivered to the country by an angel. In order to embed Hungarian results into international scholarship, it provides an English language summary of previous research and combines in one study how St. Stephen I (997-1038), St. Ladislaus I (1074-1095), and King Matthias Corvinus (1458-1490) came to be associated with the tradition, examining both written and visual sources. The article moves forward previous research by posing the question whether the angel delivering the Crown to Hungary could have been identified as the Angelus Domini at some point throughout history. This possibility is suggested by Hungary's Chronici Hungarici compositio saeculi XIV and an unusually popular Early Modern modification of the Hartvik Legend, both of which use this expression to denote the angel delivering the Crown. While the article leaves the question open until further research sheds more light on the history of early Hungarian spirituality; it also points out how this identification of the angel would harmonize the Byzantine and the Hungarian iconography of the corona angelica, and provides insight into the current state of the Angelus Domini debate in angelology.
Storia della miniatura: lavori in corso. Abstract degli interventi presentati in occasione delle Giornate di studio in modalità Webinar in memoria di Maria Grazia Ciardi Dupré dal Poggetto, 18-19 settembre 2021
Sword and the scales in the hands identify the personification of justice, be it heavenly or profane. The representative of divine justice in Christian art is Saint Michael, the Archangel, while the representative of justice in profane... more
Sword and the scales in the hands identify the personification of justice, be it heavenly or profane. The representative of divine justice in Christian art is Saint Michael, the Archangel, while the representative of justice in profane legal contexts is the figure of Iustitia. The two figures rarely ever appear in the same context. Despite the almost identical artistic depictions, their association with the common attributes is based on contrasting, if not opposite, concepts. The article discusses the iconography of the two figures from a comparative perspective and ponders the role of attributes in the reading of their images. Is the message conveyed by the attribute or by the representative person in the case of common attributes? How much can an angel and a personification be regarded as persons at all? What chains the figures to the concept of justice, and to what extent can their artistic attributes entitle the bearers to the concept they represent? Through the examination of diverting associations conceived by strikingly similar compositions, the article explores the meeting points and diversions of Justice in heaven and on earth.
Please note that the published version of the article contains a typo: the inscription on the halo of the Chauvigny Archangel is 'Micael Arcangel<us>' (p. 108).
The article examines the War in Heaven scene depicting the Fall of the Rebel Angels in the 1200s Anglo-Norman group of illustrated Apocalypse manuscripts, key in the development of Apocalypse illustration as far as quality, quantity, and... more
The article examines the War in Heaven scene depicting the Fall of the Rebel Angels in the 1200s Anglo-Norman group of illustrated Apocalypse manuscripts, key in the development of Apocalypse illustration as far as quality, quantity, and art historical heritage are concerned. The iconography of the crucial War in Heaven scene shows a variety in the manuscript group; the compositions, divided into three well-defined groups at Satan’s pivotal moment of defeat, are depicted in three principal compositional types: one manuscript group focuses on the narrative of the battle, the second fuses the battle and its victorious result, and the third type focuses on the victory itself. The article establishes further subgroups on the basis of compositional similarities, and results occasionally strengthen or weaken existing theories about the traditional grouping of the manuscripts. The highlighted iconographical similarities provide new material for the reconsideration of the manuscripts’ artistic relations and dating.
Review
Hungarian Historical Review 10, no. 2 (2021): 395–397.
Published at https://promenadesdansrome.ch/Edina-Eszenyi , this paper is the outline of my contribution to the "Promenades dans Rome: Assembly Practices between Visions, Ruins and Reconstructions" summer school's closing conference at the... more
Published at https://promenadesdansrome.ch/Edina-Eszenyi , this paper is the outline of my contribution to the "Promenades dans Rome: Assembly Practices between Visions, Ruins and Reconstructions" summer school's closing conference at the Swiss Institute in Rome (Istituto Svizzero di Roma) on 23 July 2021. Please note that the paper itself was also published in the conference proceedings and is available among the book chapters on my profile above.
Through the example of the Castel Sant’Angelo, this publication analyses the way interior decoration expresses ideological change in case of a (semi-)permanent architectural function.
The article explores the legacy of Pliny the Elder's Natural History in the angelology of Vincenzo Cicogna (1519?-after 1596), an Italian Catholic reformer who approached Biblical interpretation in search of the harmony between... more
The article explores the legacy of Pliny the Elder's Natural History in the angelology of Vincenzo Cicogna (1519?-after 1596), an Italian Catholic reformer who approached Biblical interpretation in search of the harmony between Christianity and pre-Christian philosophical systems. Cicogna's dedicated his Angelorum et daemonum nomina et attributa... (Los Angeles, Getty Research Institute MS 86-A866, c. 1587) to Cardinal Giulio Antonio Santori (1532-1602), Italy's Grand Inquisitor, presumably in an attempt to restore the author's reputation after repeated clashes with the Inquisition. Cicogna's angel and demon lexicon evoked the mythological Python to explain the origins and limits of the diabolic ability to foresee the future and juxtapose the powers of preaching and fortune-telling. His Christian application of Greek philosophy echoes the ideology of Bishop Gianmatteo Giberti's (1495-1543) Church reform process, executed with Cicogna's collaboration.
The article explores the legacy of Pliny the Elder’s Natural History in the angelology of Vincenzo Cicogna (1519? - after 1596), an Italian Catholic reformer who approached Biblical interpretation in search of the harmony between... more
The article explores the legacy of Pliny the Elder’s Natural History in the angelology of Vincenzo Cicogna (1519? - after 1596), an Italian Catholic reformer who approached Biblical interpretation in search of the harmony between Christianity and pre-Christian philosophical systems. Cicogna’s dedicated his Angelorum et daemonum nomina et attributa... (Los Angeles, Getty Research Institute MS 86-A866, c. 1587) to Cardinal Giulio Antonio Santori (1532–1602), Italy’s Grand Inquisitor, presumably in an attempt to restore the author’s reputation after repeated clashes with the Inquisition. Cicogna’s angel and demon lexicon evoked the mythological Python to explain the origins and limits of the diabolic ability to foresee the future and juxtapose the powers of preaching and fortune-telling. His Christian application of Greek philosophy echoes the ideology of Bishop Gianmatteo Giberti’s (1495-1543) Church reform process, executed with Cicogna’s collaboration.
This paper is a 'what if' type thought-experiment connecting psychology, history, and religion. Angels were created but do not experience death, though transformation is not fully alien from their nature. Vincenzo Cicogna's c. 1587... more
This paper is a 'what if' type thought-experiment connecting psychology, history, and religion. Angels were created but do not experience death, though transformation is not fully alien from their nature. Vincenzo Cicogna's c. 1587 Angelorum et daemonum nomina et attributa… (Los Angeles, Getty Research Institute MS 86-A866) analyses Lucifer's transformation at the Fall of the Rebel Angels, and interprets the fallen angel's separation from his Creator as a fate worse than death. In a Church historical context, the manuscript echoes concerns of the Church reformer Bishop Gian Matteo Giberti, who was the decisive force on the author's intellectual development. The way separation replaces death as the hardest possible punishment in the mind of the Catholic reformer author bears, at the same time, considerable reminiscences to the psychological condition identified as Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD).
The article examines how the Weighing of Souls or Psychostasis, the very starting point of the afterlife, was imagined by medieval Christians in territories that belonged to Hungary from the tenth-century foundation of the state until the... more
The article examines how the Weighing of Souls or Psychostasis, the very starting point of the afterlife, was imagined by medieval Christians in territories that belonged to Hungary from the tenth-century foundation of the state until the 1400s. Since the crucial task is traditionally assigned to Saint Michael in Christianity, the article provides a concise overview of the Archangel’s cult in the region and examines more in detail written and visual sources associating him with the Psychostasis. The examination of the source material delineates a medieval idea of the Psychostasis as a moment where Saint Michael’s warrior profile counterbalances his role in divine judgment, and fashions the Archangel as the milites Dei able and willing to provide custody against expectable machinations of evil, in earthly life and beyond. From a methodological point of view, the enquiry also highlights the complexity of text-image relationship in shaping ideas about death and the afterlife.

Keywords:
Weighing of Souls; Psychostasis, Hungary; Middle Ages; Saint Michael the Archangel; Halotti beszéd és könyörgés (‘Funeral Sermon and Prayer’); Pelbartus de Themeswar, sermon; fresco; cheating devils
Abstracts are invited from interested faculty members, research scholars and students within 300 words with 3 to 5 key words to be mailed to cmenglishwebinar@gmail.com by 30 July.
Research Interests:
The J. Paul Getty Research Institute’s Library in Los Angeles hides a curious manuscript entitled 'Angelorum et daemonum nomina et attributa passim in divinis scripturis contenta ad patrum sententiam explicata ad illustrissimum et... more
The J. Paul Getty Research Institute’s Library in Los Angeles hides a curious manuscript entitled 'Angelorum et daemonum nomina et attributa passim in divinis scripturis contenta ad patrum sententiam explicata ad illustrissimum et reverendissimum Iulium Antonium Sanctorium cardinalem Sanctae Severinae amplissimum et de ecclesiastica hierarchia' (MS 86-A866). The manuscript is an encyclopaedic work on angelology, accompanied by a treatise on
the parallel of the angelic and ecclesiastical hierarchies, dedicated to cardinal Giulio Antonio Santori (1532-1602). The author signed it as Vincentius Ciconia, translated by Onica Busuioceanu, late librarian of the Getty Research Institute, as ‘Vincenzo Cicogna’. The author, who introduces himself as «old and decrepit» in the dedication, is identified as a Venetian ecclesiastical scholar by the GRI catalogue, also author of a commentary on the Psalms. On the basis of this information, the mysterious angelologist is identifiable as Vincenzo Cicogna, the first ecclesiastical member of an Early Modern Veronese painter dynasty.
Before machines took the place of both, donkeys challenged horses in agriculture, industry, and several other fields everyday life, including fantasy and religion. Proof for the latter is the mythological onocentaur or ass-centaur,... more
Before machines took the place of both, donkeys challenged horses in agriculture, industry, and several other fields everyday life, including fantasy and religion. Proof for the latter is the mythological onocentaur or ass-centaur, described as a beast with the upper body of a man and the lower body of a donkey. The onocentaur has left hoofprints on literature and visual arts from Antiquity through the Middle Ages (Pythagoras, Claudius Aelianus, the Physiologus, Isidore of Seville, Philippe de Thaon, Jacob van Maerlant, etc.) as an (in)famous symbol of honesty and dishonesty simultaneously residing in man. The article provides an overview of this little-known centaur variant's career in intellectual history and its (his? her?) rediscovery by Vincenzo Cicogna in Verona of the 1500s.
There is no consensus in art history about the reasons for the association of Archangel Michael with the Weighing of Souls or Psychostasis in Christian art, and the paper examines Karl Künstle’s theory that the figure of the angel... more
There is no consensus in art history about the reasons for the association of Archangel Michael with the Weighing of Souls or Psychostasis in Christian art, and the paper examines Karl Künstle’s theory that the figure of the angel replaced the Manus Domini, the Hand of God. Tracing the process of transformation through examples that were not provided by Künstle, it argues for a coexistence of the angel and the Manus Dei in the same role, with the angel eventually taking precedence perhaps due to the increased diffusion of Saint Michael’s cult. Through the analysis of Vincenzo Cicogna’s Angelorum et daemonum nomina et attributa...  the paper demonstrates that the understanding of the angel as the Manus Dei in medieval and Early Modern art was supported by contemporaneous theories in angelology.
Lacking a clear Scriptural base, medieval authors and illuminators often related the Fall of the Angels to natural phenomena. Ancient beliefs were brought into the source discussion by Early Modern authors, among them Vincenzo Cicogna... more
Lacking a clear Scriptural base, medieval authors and illuminators often related the Fall of the Angels to natural phenomena. Ancient beliefs were brought into the source discussion by Early Modern authors, among them Vincenzo Cicogna (ca. 1519–ca. 1596) from the influential Church reformer circle of the Veronese bishop Gianmatteo Giberti (1495–1543). Cicogna argued that the thunderbolt would be a proper metaphor for the fallen Lucifer, but his ideas were unwelcomed by the Inquisition.
A Collection of Collections. A Review of 'Hungarian Art Collections 1945-2005' by Gábor Ébli (Enciklopédia Kiadó: Budapest, 2006) in: Élet és Irodalom 50/36 (8 September 2006)
My presentation at the "Storia della miniatura: lavori in corso. Webinar in memoria di Maria Grazia Ciardi Duprédal Poggetto" on 17-18 September 2021 (English/Italian, see PDF for registration and further details)
Research Interests:
This text comprises the abstracts of the Poster Session of the convention Archaeology and Anthropology of Death (Rome 2015)
Research Interests:
Keynote Address at 'International Webinar on Mental Health in Literature: Significance, Issues and Representations', co-organized by the Departments of English at Chandidas Mahavidyalaya and Hiralal Bhakat Colleges, West Bengal, India, 6... more
Keynote Address at 'International Webinar on Mental Health in Literature: Significance, Issues and Representations', co-organized by  the Departments of English at Chandidas Mahavidyalaya and Hiralal Bhakat Colleges, West Bengal, India, 6 August 2020
Research Interests: