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    Fault Analysis of AC Uninterruptible Power Supply System in Gas Pipeline Compressor Station

    Uploaded by

    sajidkaleem

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE 2013)

    Fault Analysis of AC Uninterruptible Power Supply System in Gas Pipeline


    Compressor Station

    Chen Hanlin
    China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Corporation
    Beijing, China
    chenhanlin@cpecc.com.cn

    Abstract—Regarding the AC UPS fault accident happened in


    one compressor station which caused severe consequence with II. STRUCTURE OF AC UPS
    gas transmission pipeline, this paper lists the possible reasons The static uninterruptible power supply system (UPS) is
    based on the recorded fault code and equipment configuration, of dual redundant configuration, normally both inverters
    and solutions are proposed for modification. In the end, shall be synchronized with each other and with the AC
    recommendations are given for the future project design of AC
    power input. The two inverters shall be operating in parallel
    UPS.
    and sharing the load equally. When a disturbance/fault
    Keywords- Uninterruptible Power Supply; UPS; Gas Pipeline; occurs in any of the inverters, the faulty unit shall be
    Island Operation; Compressor Station; High Frequency; Power automatically disconnected and the entire load supplied from
    Frequency; Power Electronics; IGBT; Power Quality the remaining inverter. If both inverters develop a fault, the
    load shall be transferred to the bypass supply through the
    static switch.
    I. INTRODUCTION Refer to Figure.1 for the single line diagram of AC UPS
    The purpose of a compressor station is to boost the system.
    pressure in a natural gas pipeline and move the natural gas According to the manufacture specification, the incoming
    further downstream. This compressor station is one of the cables for UPS main unit #1 and #2 are 3C+PE type, and the
    middle compressor stations along an international long incoming cable for bypass unit is 4C+PE type. The isolation
    distance gas pipeline. In this compressor station, gas turbine transformers for UPS main unit #1 and #2 are of delta-delta
    serves to operate the centrifugal compressor and gas engine winding, and the bypass transformer is of star-star winding.
    generators are used as main power supply (total 3 nos., each Nominal output voltage for DC battery bank is 720VDC with
    is 1000kW, 380V, 50Hz, 0.8pf). The electrical system is of 3 wires (positive, neutral, negative). IGBT is used in invertor
    T-N-S type. unit.
    As per category of electrical loads, most power
    consuming devices are fed by normal and emergency bus bar III. FAULT RECORD OF AC UPS
    separately, and important equipment such as Station Control As per the report, fault codes record from the mimic
    System (SCS) and telecommunication system are powered panel of UPS #1 and #2 were same during the flash-stop
    by Uninterruptible Power Supply. Based on history record of accident, refer to Table 1.
    Electrical Control System (ECS), gas generator #3 is the only According to the alarm code, during the flash-stop
    running generator with output power 600kW during normal moment, both invertor units of UPS #1 and #2 were shut
    condition. down and bypass was not available. Beside, some internal
    According to the official report from operators, the error was found by the self-exam module. Because AC UPS
    accident of AC UPS output flash-stop happened during hot- automatically and immediately recovered and none hardware
    standby gas generator #2 increasing power output after gas fault was found after later examination, it is obvious that the
    generator #3 shutting down from one failure. The output of transition period of generator #2 rapid increasing power
    AC UPS suddenly stopped and automatically recovered after output caused this accident.
    a very short time. The fail-safe type ESD (emergency
    shutdown) system which is powered by AC UPS was TABLE I. ALARM CODE DESCRIPTION FOR THE FLASH-STOP
    triggered by this flash-stop accident, and all running process ACCIDENT
    equipments which connected with the SCS & ESD system
    were emergency stopped. Besides, the communication Code Alarm Name Description
    between the compressor station and the pipeline SCADA
    central control station broke down by power failure. A15 Bypass fault Bypass is not available
    The fault analysis will be carried out from the structure of A25 Invertor closed Invertor is shut down
    AC UPS.
    A28 UPS self-exam fault System warning

    Published by Atlantis Press, Paris, France.


    © the authors
    2271
    Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE 2013)

    Figure 1. Single Line Diagram of AC UPS system

    interfered with the DC neutral line and caused the control


    IV. FAULT ANALYSIS circuit shutting down the invertors of UPS #1 and #2
    Based on the universal practice of factory fabrication, together. Besides, it’s also possible that the harmonics from
    there are one common neutral bus bar and one common the power system interfered with the control circuit of AC
    earthing bus bar inside the AC UPS cabinets, which means UPS and generated incorrect order. After all the interfere
    that all neutral conductor belong the AC UPS system will be disappeared, the UPS system automatically recovered.
    bonded to the common neutral bus bar, and all earthing It’s clear that the disturbance from the power system
    conductor including cabinets’ enclosure will be connected to neutral line caused the accident.
    the common earthing bus bar. The ‘common’ neutral
    provides zero-potential reference for the AC UPS working V. SOLUTION
    and the ‘common’ earthing provides electrical equipotential Since the interfere from the system caused the accident,
    bonding for protection. then it is reasonable by segregating the system neutral
    The Y-winding neutral point of bypass transformer and conductor from the AC UPS neutral bus bar to solve this
    the neutral wire of DC battery bank are bonded to the problem.
    common neutral bus bar as well. During the transient period, It is applicable to replace the bypass transformer of Y-Y
    the electrical load of gas generator was increasing rapidly winding to D-Y winding to make a ‘floating’ neutral point
    and causing turbulence to this small power system of island inside the AC UPS system. Then the AC UPS common
    operation. The feedback harmonics and unbalanced current neutral will be isolated from the system neutral, and the
    between phase lines made the power quality very poor. The disturbance in the system neutral conductor will not affect
    transient current in the system neutral line was delivered to the AC UPS. The AC UPS output neutral line will be related
    the AC UPS system via the Y-winding neutral point of the with the DC battery bank neutral wire only.
    bypass transformer unit. The interfere from the power system This solution is the most suitable and economic way to
    flowed into the common neutral bus bar of AC UPS system, prevent the similar accident happening again. No more

    Published by Atlantis Press, Paris, France.


    © the authors
    2272
    Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE 2013)

    similar accident was reported from this compressor station The stability and performance of AC UPS system will be
    after this modification. Meanwhile, for future brand new better after isolating the system interfere and optimizing the
    project, it is better to consider the feature of island operation electrical system power quality.
    power system and design the AC UPS with better
    configuration at the beginning. VII. CONCLUSION
    For the island operation power system of gas compressor
    VI. RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE PROJECT station, the power quality is not very good based on the
    For future similar project design of AC UPS system, it is character of power load and scale of the power distribution
    necessary to consider the following suggestions: network. The ‘common’ practice of equipment configuration
    • Neutral zero-potential point should not be involved might not be suitable for the small power system, where
    in IGBT inverter working, which means the inter- harmonics, unbalanced current, voltage fluctuation, power
    connection power cable between DC battery and source stability appears frequently. Hence, special cautions
    UPS main unit should be 2-core type (positive, should be taken into account for the delicate power
    negative). electronic devices, like the AC UPS system.
    • The built-in neutral bus of AC UPS should be
    isolated from power system neutral conductor. REFERENCES
    • Input isolation transformer should be considered in [1] Wang Zhaoan, Huang Jun, “Technology of Power Electronics”,
    Edition 4th, China Machine Press, 2001.
    UPS main unit and bypass unit, and Y winding is not
    recommended for primary winding. Moreover, [2] IEC 62040, “Uniterruptible Power Supply (UPS)”.
    output isolation transformers should be configured [3] IEEE Std 519-1992, “IEEE Recommendaed Practices and
    Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems”.
    for inverter as well.
    [4] IEEE Std 1100-2005, “IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering
    • Special measures and equipment should be and Grounding Electronic Equipment”.
    considered to improve the power quality of island [5] BS 7671-2008, “Requirements for Electrical Installations” .
    operation system.

    Published by Atlantis Press, Paris, France.


    © the authors
    2273

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