Iván Molina Jiménez
Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Historia, Faculty Member
- Historian and Science Fiction Writer.edit
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Inventory of novels published by Costa Ricans in Costa Rica and abroad and those published by foreigners residing in Costa Rica.
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Homenaje al académico finlandés Jussi Pakkasvirta
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Datos biográficos sobre un expresidente (1849-1859) y empresario cafetalero costarricense que lideró la guerra de 1856-1857 contra los filibusteros jefeados por William Walker.
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Datos biográficos sobre un comerciante español, asentado en Costa Rica, que era probablemente la persona más rica en toda la provincia.
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Novels published by Editorial Costa Rica.
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Was print authorship culture out of reach for women before 1887 in Costa Rica? The main purpose of this article is to offer a first answer to this question based on a preliminary review of newspapers and magazines that allow considering... more
Was print authorship culture out of reach for women before 1887 in Costa
Rica? The main purpose of this article is to offer a first answer to this question based on a preliminary review of newspapers and magazines that allow considering the problem from a broader perspective.
Briefly, the central argument that is going to be developed is that the construction of this authorship went through three stages: in the first, during the 1840s and 1850s, this process was based on the writing of commercial advertisements; in the second, focused on the 1860s and 1870s, the discourses of female students and teachers related to teaching activities predominated; and in the third, located from 1885, there were two parallel trends. On the one hand, some teachers began to publicize their literary productions; and on the other, the State, on the eve of the educational reform of 1886, implemented a policy for educators to prepare reports on their school activities and send them to a specialized magazine to be published.
Rica? The main purpose of this article is to offer a first answer to this question based on a preliminary review of newspapers and magazines that allow considering the problem from a broader perspective.
Briefly, the central argument that is going to be developed is that the construction of this authorship went through three stages: in the first, during the 1840s and 1850s, this process was based on the writing of commercial advertisements; in the second, focused on the 1860s and 1870s, the discourses of female students and teachers related to teaching activities predominated; and in the third, located from 1885, there were two parallel trends. On the one hand, some teachers began to publicize their literary productions; and on the other, the State, on the eve of the educational reform of 1886, implemented a policy for educators to prepare reports on their school activities and send them to a specialized magazine to be published.
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Novels published in Costa Rica between 1873 and 1989.
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Unlike other countries in Latin America, where the publishing industry was only affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, in Costa Rica it was previously beaten by a regressive tax reform implemented in 2019. Along with its recessive effects,... more
Unlike other countries in Latin America, where the publishing industry was only affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, in Costa Rica it was previously beaten by a regressive tax reform implemented in 2019. Along with its recessive effects, which limited the purchasing power of the population, this reform incorporated a fiscal rule, which contracted public investment in publishing activity. The purpose of this article is to analyze the double impact of both processes by sector (private, state, and international) and types of books producers (publishers, entities, and others). For this reason, data from the ISBN Agency was extensively examined and other complementary sources were used. The main conclusion is that, from 2018 to 2021, the publication of electronic texts intensified, while publishing houses lost ground to non-publishing entities and the proportion of selfpublished works grew.
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Este artículo analiza la relación entre literatura y política en Centroamérica con base en dos procesos diferentes, pero interconectados. Por un lado, los encuentros que sostuvieron en 2019-2020 el escritor nicaragüense, Sergio Ramírez, y... more
Este artículo analiza la relación entre literatura y política en Centroamérica con base en dos procesos diferentes, pero interconectados. Por un lado, los encuentros que sostuvieron en 2019-2020 el escritor nicaragüense, Sergio Ramírez, y el presidente de Costa Rica, Carlos Alvarado. Por otro, la secuela de esas reuniones, materializada en una propuesta de los expresidentes costarricenses para que la Asamblea Legislativa otorgara a Ramírez la ciudadanía honorífica en 2021. La metodología utilizada consistió en comparar la trayectoria de Ramírez con la de Alvarado y hacer una exhaustiva revisión hemerográfica. Se concluye que Ramírez promovió esos encuentros para contrastar la política democrática de Costa Rica con el régimen autoritario de Nicaragua, y que Alvarado lo secundó para tratar de difundir su producción literaria a escala internacional y compensar su creciente impopularidad como presidente de Costa Rica. Además, se muestra cómo la democracia costarricense, al posibilitar la protesta de los adversarios de Ramírez, jugó en contra de la distinción impulsada por los exmandatarios.
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In 2018, the government that came to power in Costa Rica quickly began to promote socially regressive policies, which directly favored the oligarchic groups, at the expense of the working classes and the middle sectors. The COVID-19... more
In 2018, the government that came to power in Costa Rica quickly began to promote socially regressive policies, which directly favored the oligarchic groups, at the expense of the working classes and the middle sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic, instead of stopping this process, accentuated it. After a very moderate first wave of infections (March–May 2020), the disease spread steadily during a second wave (June 2020–February 2021). A third wave (so far May–June 2021) has brought the public health system to the brink of collapse. With the social protests neutralized by health measures to contain COVID-19, authorities took advantage of this situation to promote new reforms that deteriorate labor rights, reduce wages and deepen inequalities.
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En un contexto de creciente descontento del electorado, los comicios de Costa Rica de 2022 probablemente mantendrán una desigualdad cada vez más insostenible.
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With a record number of candidates vying for president amid growing
voter dissatisfaction, Costa Rica’s 2022 elections will likely uphold
increasingly untenable inequality
voter dissatisfaction, Costa Rica’s 2022 elections will likely uphold
increasingly untenable inequality
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This article examines the shift from a publishing culture based on print shops to one that was organized around publishing houses. The initial stage of this process occurred between 1906 and 1919, when the educator and writer Joaquín... more
This article examines the shift from a publishing culture based on print shops to one that was organized around publishing houses. The initial stage of this process occurred between 1906 and 1919, when the educator and writer Joaquín García Monge and the Catalan immigrants Ricardo Falcó and Andrés Borrasé, promoted the first publishing initiatives. Later, the first public and private publishing houses were founded (1920-1949), although it was only in the period 1950-1979 that the publishing industry was consolidated, in close connection with the expansion of the State and, in particular, of the educational system. Despite the economic crisis of 1980, the publishing boom, instead of stopping, deepened, spurred by the development of research and postgraduate studies in universities and by the reactivation of the Cold War in Central America.
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This article analyzes the conditions that enabled the development of a clandestine abortion market in Costa Rica and how it functioned in the period 1900-2020. It also considers the characteristics of this market, in particular the... more
This article analyzes the conditions that enabled the development of a clandestine abortion market in Costa Rica and how it functioned in the period 1900-2020. It also considers the characteristics of this market, in particular the differentiated access to medical services according to the social origin of the women who aborted. In addition, it studies the key controversies that arisen in the country regarding the practice of artificial termination of pregnancy and the proposals to legalize said procedure.
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Este trabajo muestra la periodización y las características generales de la historia de la edición en Costa Rica.
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This article will show how the expansion of secondary education in Costa Rica during the 1950s lead to an increase in the number of students striving for access to higher education. The University of Costa Rica, at that time the only... more
This article will show how the expansion of secondary education in Costa Rica during the 1950s lead to an increase in the number of students striving for access to higher education. The University of Costa Rica, at that time the only institution of its kind in the country, responded to the growing demand with an improvised and restrictive admission policy, which dashed the professional aspirations of hundreds of young people. The resulting dissatisfaction was expressed in numerous conflicts that confronted university authorities with students, parents, the media, various sectors of civil society and with the Ministry of Public Education.
Due to this growing conflict, the University of Costa Rica decided in 1956 to eliminate for a brief period the admission tests and experiment with a new student selection system based on a General Studies course. However, this institutional reform did not provide the results expected by university authorities, so in 1959 a compulsory admission test was established for all those interested in entering higher education. The implementation of this initiative once again restricted access to higher education, as it was characterized by clear gender bias, with restrictions on women’s admission that favored men.
Due to this growing conflict, the University of Costa Rica decided in 1956 to eliminate for a brief period the admission tests and experiment with a new student selection system based on a General Studies course. However, this institutional reform did not provide the results expected by university authorities, so in 1959 a compulsory admission test was established for all those interested in entering higher education. The implementation of this initiative once again restricted access to higher education, as it was characterized by clear gender bias, with restrictions on women’s admission that favored men.
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This article analyzes an aspect that has not been investigated about the renown Costa Rican writer Yolanda Oreamuno Unger (1916-1956): her insertion in the socalled elegant world of Costa Rica in the early 1930´s. Due to the premature... more
This article analyzes an aspect that has not been investigated about the renown Costa Rican writer Yolanda Oreamuno Unger (1916-1956): her insertion in the socalled elegant world of Costa Rica in the early 1930´s. Due to the premature death of her father (1917), Oreamuno underwent a social downgrading process, which she sought to overcome through three basic strategies: participating in various cultural activities, modeling for some of the leading painters of the time and competing in beauty contests. As a result of her efforts, she managed to become a national media figure and, for a short period of time, she frequented the most exclusive spaces of sociability of the wealthy families of San José.
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This article analyzes the development of public and private publishers in Costa Rica between the 20th and 21st centuries.
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La educación sexual inició en Costa Rica en la década de 1920, liderada por los médicos y dominada por la preocupación de que los estudiantes varones de la segunda enseñanza contrajeran enfermedades venéreas. Poco después, y por... more
La educación sexual inició en Costa Rica en la década de 1920, liderada por los médicos y dominada por la preocupación de que los estudiantes varones de la segunda enseñanza contrajeran enfermedades venéreas. Poco después, y por iniciativa de las maestras y profesoras, ese tipo de educación se amplió para cubrir temas específicamente femeninos, asociados sobre todo con la maternidad y la crianza de los hijos. Dicha feminización se profundizó en la década de 1930. Luego de 1940, a medida que la iglesia católica reforzaba su influencia en el sistema educativo, la educación sexual fue liderada por el Ministerio de Salubridad Pública, cuyas actividades relacionadas con esa enseñanza fueron apoyadas por las educadoras.
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Resumen Este artículo explora cómo la experiencia de la migración (temporal o definitiva) ha sido un proceso diferenciador entre quienes se han dedicado a la literatura costarricense. Con este propósito, se reconsidera la polémica de 1894... more
Resumen Este artículo explora cómo la experiencia de la migración (temporal o definitiva) ha sido un proceso diferenciador entre quienes se han dedicado a la literatura costarricense. Con este propósito, se reconsidera la polémica de 1894 sobre el nacionalismo literario a partir de la problemática del mercado cultural y de su dimensión transnacional. También se identifican las tendencias princi-pales en relación con los escritores de ambos sexos que por diversos motivos se fueron de Costa Rica desde finales del siglo XIX y a lo largo del XX. Finalmente, se analizan los casos particulares de Manuel González Zeledón, Luis Barrantes Molina y Yolanda Oreamuno Unger para indagar cómo el desarraigo impactó en su identidad, en su producción literaria y en sus deliberados emprendimientos memoriales. Palabras clave: literatura costarricense, migración, memoria, identidad, nacionalismo literario. Abstract This article explores how the experience of migration (temporary or definitive) is a differentiating process among those who have dedicated themselves to Costa Rican literature. With this purpose, the nationalist literary controversy of 1894 is reconsidered from the perspective of the cultural market problematic and its transnational dimension. The main trends are also identified in relation to writers of both sexes who for various reasons left Costa Rica from the end of the 19 th century and throughout the 20 th. Finally, the particular cases of Manuel González Zeledón, Luis Barrantes Molina and Yolanda Oreamuno Unger are analyzed to investigate how the displacement impacted their identity, their literary production and their deliberate memorial undertakings.
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Se exponen procesos de ocultamiento y manipulación de la información relacionados con la interpretación del relato de ciencia ficción costarricense titulado: "Un joven demonio entre las sombras".
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This article exposes processes of concealment and manipulation of information related to the interpretation of the Costa Rican science fiction story entitled: "A young demon among the shadows" (Un joven demonio entre las sombras)".
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En 1980, los estudiantes del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) llevaron a cabo dos huelgas en demanda de mejores condiciones de estudio y una mayor representación estudiantil en los órganos decisorios de esa casa de enseñanza... more
En 1980, los estudiantes del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) llevaron a cabo dos huelgas en demanda de mejores condiciones de estudio y una mayor representación estudiantil en los órganos decisorios de esa casa de enseñanza superior. Ambos conflictos, que tuvieron una extraordinaria repercusión mediática y llevaron a que por vez primera en la historia costarricense una universidad estatal fuera intervenida por la policía, obligaron a que el Poder Legislativo se involucrara en la resolución de la confrontación. Mediante un acuerdo logrado entre diputados de distintos partidos políticos, se conminó a las autoridades del ITCR a negociar con los estudiantes e iniciar un proceso que culminaría en 1982 con un cambio en la estructura de gobierno del ITCR.
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Hay quienes consideran la teoría del capital humano como una revolución que transformó el pensamiento económico durante el siglo XX (Bowman, 1966; Texeira, 2005) y están también quienes conceptúan dicha teoría como una criatura abominable... more
Hay quienes consideran la teoría del capital humano como una revolución que transformó el pensamiento económico durante el siglo XX (Bowman, 1966; Texeira, 2005) y están también quienes conceptúan dicha teoría como una criatura abominable creada por el biopoder capitalista (Foucault, 2008; Pierce, 2013). En este trabajo, no serán examinados los fundamentos ni las características de estas dos versiones extremas, sino que se analizará el origen del término capital humano y su utilización entre finales del siglo XVIII y mediados del XX. También se considerará el proceso mediante el cual se pasó del concepto a la teoría después de 1950 y
la influencia global que alcanzó esa teoría a partir de 1960, especialmente en el campo de la educación. Igualmente, se examinará el uso inicial del concepto de capital humano en América Central entre las décadas de 1920 y 1940, y la repercusión posterior que tuvo la teoría ya referida. Por último, se estudiará la incidencia específica de dicha teoría en las políticas educativas de la región, con particular atención al caso de Costa Rica.
la influencia global que alcanzó esa teoría a partir de 1960, especialmente en el campo de la educación. Igualmente, se examinará el uso inicial del concepto de capital humano en América Central entre las décadas de 1920 y 1940, y la repercusión posterior que tuvo la teoría ya referida. Por último, se estudiará la incidencia específica de dicha teoría en las políticas educativas de la región, con particular atención al caso de Costa Rica.
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This article analyzes the social composition of students at the University of Costa Rica in the period 1950-1973. It propose that with the increase in the number of graduates of secondary education, university authorities implemented a... more
This article analyzes the social composition of students at the University of Costa Rica in the period 1950-1973. It propose that with the increase in the number of graduates of secondary education, university authorities implemented a restrictive admission policy, which had a differentiated impact. This policy favored men more than women, more graduates of private colleges that graduates from state schools and more young people who came from middle class and urban wealthy than those who came from rural areas and low income families. Despite these limitations, Costa Rica ranked as one of the Latin American countries that had one of the highest proportions of university students whose parents were part of the working classes.
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Review of Los orígenes del Estado de bienestar en Costa Rica, by Ana María Botey Sobrado.
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Research Interests: Latin American Studies, Central America and Mexico, Central American Studies, Monster Theory, Metaphor, and 11 moreBiopolitics, Costa Rica, Central American History and Culture, Monsters and Monster Theory, Biopolymers, Biopolitica, Biopower and Biopolitics, Estudios Latinoamericanos, Historia Costa Rica, Biopolítica, and Monsters and the Monstrous
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Canadian feature-length documentary film, Steven Palmer.
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Costa Rican film, Alexandra Latishev.
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Costa Rican film, Jurgen Ureña.
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Brief chronology of the first Costa Rican civil war (1823)
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El propósito principal de este análisis es considerar, desde una perspectiva histórica de larga duración, tres características fundamentales del sistema educativo costarricense: en primer término, el hecho de que se trata de una educación... more
El propósito principal de este análisis es considerar, desde una perspectiva histórica de larga duración, tres características fundamentales del sistema educativo costarricense: en primer término, el hecho de que se trata de una educación que, desde sus inicios, ha sido decisivamente pública; en segundo lugar, el papel jugado por los padres de familia en la constitución de una demanda por más y mejores servicios educativos para sus hijos; y finalmente, los procesos de formación de educadores y las dificultades que ha enfrentado la sociedad costarricense para desarrollar cuadros debidamente preparados de maestros y profesores para los distintos niveles de enseñanza.
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Colección de ensayos sobre la elecciones costarricenses del 2018/Essay collection on Costa Rica' s 2018 elections.
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Se trata de un libro que reúne ensayos sobre la historia global y la circulación de saberes.
Research Interests: Latin American Studies, Economics, Informatics, Literature, Geopolitics, and 11 moreHistory of Science, Political Science, Central American Studies, Cold War, Global History, Human Capital, Migration Studies, 19th Century (History), Women and Gender Studies, Historia de la fotografía, and Historia De Los Conceptos
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Toys, Christmas and class differences in Costa Rica: 1930s.
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Abolition of the army in Costa Rica
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Programa de la Mesa 221 (Eje 5) de las XIV Jornadas de Sociología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
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El presente dossier empezó su camino en 2020 cuando nosotras, sus coordinadoras, decidimos postular una mesa sobre política y universidad en el Congreso de la Latin American Studies Association (LASA) en 2021 que sería virtual y accesible... more
El presente dossier empezó su camino en 2020 cuando nosotras, sus coordinadoras, decidimos postular una mesa sobre política y universidad en el Congreso de la Latin American Studies Association (LASA) en 2021 que sería virtual y accesible para un mayor número de colegas de América Latina. La convocatoria fue un éxito y reunimos a numerosas/os investigadoras e investigadores en la Mesa Redonda titulada “Universidad, Juventudes y Política. Los Movimientos Estudiantiles en el Pasado y Presente de Nuestras Sociedades”. Resultó un espacio fructífero para conocer e intercambiar el trabajo de académicos y académicas que, en diferentes partes del mundo, toman a los movimientos estudiantiles como objeto de estudio. A comienzos del 2022 llevamos a cabo la Mesa Asian and Latin American student movements: past and present experiences (en el LASA/ASIA 2022 Virtual Congress), espacio que nos permitió el intercambio entre colegas que han trabajado sobre los casos de México, Argentina, Uruguay, Hong Kong, India, Corea y Taiwán. Ambos espacios, entre otros eventos, proyectos y colectivos académicos transnacionales, nos animaron a buscar un espacio para volcar por escrito los debates y las investigaciones en gestación.