Michael Choref

Сборник научных трудов «Древний и средневековый Крым» посвящен актуальным проблемам истории и археологии Крыма. Адресован магистрантам, аспирантам, и студентам высших учебных заведений, преподавателям и сотрудникам образовательных учреждений.

Сборник научных трудов «Материалы и исследования по истории России» посвящен актуальным проблемам истории, источниковедения и археологии России и сопредельных территорий с древности до наших дней.
Адресован магистрантам, аспирантам и студентам высших учебных заведений, преподавателям и сотрудникам образовательных учреждений.

Сборник научных трудов «Материалы и исследования по истории России» посвящен актуальным проблемам истории, источниковедения и археологии России и сопредельных территорий с древности до наших дней. Адресован магистрантам, аспирантам и студентам высших учебных заведений, преподавателям и сотрудникам образовательных учреждений.

Издание представляет собой сборник статей некоторых гостей и участников Первого Всероссийского междисциплинарного научного семинара по истории религии древних социумов, организованного кафедрой всеобщей истории и Научно-образовательным центром антиковедения ЯрГУ им. П.Г. Демидова. Статьи в сборнике расположены в хронологическом порядке. В качестве приложения представлен краткий библиографический список русскоязычных изданий по истории античных религий за последние 20 лет.

The object of study was a marble bust, the so-called “Portrait of Hadrian in a laurel wreath”, kept in the collection of the State Hermitage. It attributed as an image of a noble and influential provincial who lived in Syria in the second and third quarters of the 3rd century. Many details allow us to see in it Odaenathus of Palmyra. We believe that his statue was installed on the main forum of Elia Capitolina. Judging by the expression, it should be about his intravital image. The appearance of the Odaenathus statue in Aelia Capitolina was due to the entry of Syria Palaestina into the zone of influence of Palmyra during his reign since 260 CE.
Key words: history, antiquity, sculpture, Palmyra, Odaenathus.

Продолжая исследование состава денежного обращения джучидских государств в разные периоды их истории, перехожу к вопросу о выпуске реплик динарам делийским султанам на территории Золотой Орды. Полагаю, что эти монеты выпускали официально. Вернее всего, они являлись своеобразными жетонами — кредитными деньгами, позволявшими облегчить крупные денежные операции.

Объектом исследования стали китайские монеты, находимые в Сибири. Дело в том, что до сих пор не выработано единое видение на проблему их проникновения в регион. В процессе изучения нумизматического материала были исследованы китайские монеты, обнаруженные в составе кладов, а также использованные в качестве украшений коренных народов Сибири. В результате было установлено, что их не использовали в качестве платежных средств. Китайская монета была сырьем для изготовления украшений.

Сборник научных трудов «Материалы и исследования по истории России» посвящен актуальным проблемам истории, источниковедения и археологии России и сопредельных территорий с древности до наших дней.
Адресован магистрантам, аспирантам и студентам высших учебных заведений, преподавателям и сотрудникам образовательных учреждений.

The study contains 53 coins found during archeological researches on the Basilica
1 situated on the Hisarlaka Hill in the town of Kyustendil carried out in 2014. Among
them there are 36 coins of the Roman Empire, 3 are early Byzantine ones from the
6th century, 8 are Byzantine warped coins from the 12th –13th century and 6 are early
Ottoman. Having in mind the site’s building interventions in the 20th century, a great
part of the coins is not directly connected with the Basilica but gives an idea of the
circulation condition during the periods of the Hisarlaka Hill inhabitation.
Two periods can be distinguished from the Roman Empire coins: the first one dated
from the second half of the 2nd century till the 370s, which is related to the building
and using of the temple complex on the Hisarlaka Hill and the second one – from the
4th century end till the 5th century second half, when a fortress wall with its adjoining
buildings including the Basilica was built on the place of the destroyed temples. The
provincial coins demonstrate the findings about their circulation in Pautalia and its
region.
The early Byzantine coins found during the Basilica’s examination are 3 in number – per one of Justinian I (527–565), Justin II (565–578) and Mauricius (582–602).
The Mauricius’ coin determines the terminus post quem of the late Antique and early
Byzantine coins which can be directly related to the Basilica existence. The Empire’s
Balkan provinces were exposed to continuous invasions by Avars and Slavs during
the last three decades of the 6th century. It’s quite probably the Basilica to have been
destroyed in that period. During the researches on the fortress wall of the Late Antique
and Early Byzantine Fortress on the Hisarlaka Hill, where is situated the Basilica in, 4
building periods have been ascertained, as the end of the 5th –6th century period refers
to the second building one.
After a ceasing of almost 7 centuries the next group of coins found during the
Basilica 1 researches is dated in the 13th century. All eight coins are of the so called
Latin imitations minted in 1204–1261 period.
The last 6 coins the article contains are early Ottoman. One of them is a silver
akçe with inscriptions fully deleted. The other five coins are manghirs (small copper
Ottoman coins) of Murad I (1359–1389). The Principality of the Dragashes (Yoan
Dragash and Constantine Dragash) fell under Ottoman Turks vassalage in the 1370s.
The presence of coins of Murad I is quite natural and is a testimony to the existed
trade contacts. The Latin imitations and the coins of Murad I correspond to the fourth
stage of the fortress’ habitation on the Hisarlaka Hill – the Second Bulgarian Kingdom
/ early Ottoman period. There are no precise records when it was destroyed, as the
dating varies from the beginning till the middle of the 15th century.
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The found coins during the researches of Basilica 1 on the Hisarlaka Hill are not
bound to any specific archeological context because of the disruption of the preserved
archeological structures and can’t be directly related to the building’s existence and
functioning. However, the coins indisputably give an idea of the different periods of
the hill’s habitation and complement to the available information till now about the
coin circulation in Pautalia and Velbuzhd and in their acropolis particularly.

Metal mirrors of the Golden Horde time were massive material and were widely distributed as items of everyday life and cult. Bronze wares with Arabic well-wishing inscription using Naskh script of handwriting deserve specific attention among the many types of mirrors. They were mainly distributed on the territory of the Golden Horde from the Volga to the Dniester. The specified type of finds includes a fragment of a bronze mirror found in the Teia village (Grigoriopol district) on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. As the analysis has shown, the bronze mirror from Teia is the most Western similar item on the territory of the Golden Horde. The analogies from the burial and settlement sites of the Dnieper-Volga interfluve show that the Teia mirror is one of the late replicas and can be dated no later than the middle of the 14th century. A comprehensive study of such bronze mirrors allows us to solve problems associated with the determination of narrower dates and centers of their production.

Объектом изучения стали римские монеты из клада, обнаруженного близ пгт. Шилово Рязанской области и поступившие в местный краеведческий музей. Все они — денарии I—II вв. Полагаем, что эти монеты поступили в регион благодаря торговым связям с «черняховским» населением. Допускаем, что оно являлось важнейшим контрагентом на направлении культурных и политических взаимодействий, ведущим через Подонье и Поднепровье в Причерноморье и Подунавье, к римским провинциям. Причем изученные нами монеты на момент их сокрытия не являлись платежными средствами. Ведь в клад выпали субэратные, обломанные и пробитые монеты. Полагаем, что они служили сырьем для производства украшений, в том числе и статусных, а также артефактами этой группы.

The Roman coins from the treasure discovered near the Shilovo village of Ryazan Region and preserved in the local museum were studied. All of them are denarii of the first and second centuries. We believe that these coins came to the region due to trade relations with the Chernyakhov population. We assume that it was the most important counterpart in the domain of cultural and political life, localized from the Don and the Dnieper to the Black Sea and the Danube Region and, then, to Roman provinces. Remarkably, these coins at the moment of their concealment were not means of payment, as one can see, because the treasure contains suberate, broken, and punched coins. We believe that they served as raw material for jewelry, including those destined for the upper classes.

Published Ottoman copper coin minted during the reign of Sultan Abd al-Aziz (1861¬1874) found in Anapa. This is the second find of coins of small denomination of that Sultan in Anapa. Findings indicate a stay in Anapa in 1860-1870 migrants from Ottoman Turkey.